中国海洋产业生态化水平综合评价
|
摘要
基于理论梳理与现实需要,构建海洋产业生态化理论模型,提出海洋产业结构生态化、海洋产业组织生态化、产业生产方式生态化及海洋产业技术生态化4方面的综合评价指标体系;选取沿海11省(区、市)2006—2014年的统计数据,运用主成分分析将20个指标降维成7个主成分,利用熵权-dematel组合赋权,计算沿海各省(区、市)的生态化水平综合得分,再运用系统协调度模型,对海洋产业生态化水平进行静态与动态综合评价。研究表明:(1)中国海洋产业生态化水平与海洋产业技术生态化关联性最大,技术开发与研发投入逐渐上升,但科技成果转化率偏低;其次为生产方式生态化,主要体现在污染排放水平和能源消耗水平,污染排放水平虽逐年下降,但排放总量仍超出环境标准,对区域的海洋产业生态化水平影响大。(2)2006—2014年整体海洋产业生态化水平呈现稳定上升趋势,要素间协调性逐步提升,2014年除天津、海南外,均达到基本协调以上的等级;系统层评价值中,产业生产方式波动较大;7个主成分表现稳定,无较大波动。(3)各省(区、市)生态化协调指数与生态化综合水平的发展趋势并不一致。其中,上海、江苏一直处于领先地位,形成片状协调发展格局,天津、海南的综合排名均较低,整体上呈现南北低中间高的格局。根据评价结果,应弥补各地区海洋产业生态化的短板,改善区域间与区域内部发展的不平衡,抓紧构建环境准入与约束机制、海洋产业生态共生机制以及协调发展的激励机制,保证经济、社会与生态的协调发展。
Based on the theoretical analysis and practical needs,the theoretical model of marine industrial ecologization was constructed,and a comprehensive evaluation index system which concluded the marine industrial structure ecologization,marine industrial organization ecologization,marine production mode ecologization and marine technological innovations ecologization was built. 20 indexes were reduced to 7 principal components by principal component analysis. Entropy weight-dematel was used to calculate the comprehensive score of ecological level of coastal provinces( district and city),then adopted the system coordination degree model to carry out static and dynamic comprehensive evaluation using statistics collected from 2006 to 2014. The results showed that:(1) marine technological innovations ecologization was the most to affect marine industrial ecologization,and the technological research and investment were increased gradually,but the conversion of scientific and technological achievements were low. Secondly,marine production mode ecologization was included the level of pollution emission and energy consumption. Although the pollution discharge degree was declining year by year,the total emission was still beyond the environmental standard,which had a great influence on the ecological level of coastal provinces.(2) The overall ecological level of 2006-2014 showed a stable upward trend. The coordination between the elements had gradually increased. In 2014,the level of coordination all reached a higher level except Tianjin and Hainan. In the system layer,marine production mode ecologization fluctuated greatly,and the 7 principal components were stable.(3) The development trend of ecological coordination index and ecological comprehensive level was inconsistent. Shanghai and Jiangsu were in the leading positions,forming a coordinated development pattern. Tianjin and Hainan were relatively low,basically presenting the pattern of level in south and north regions and high level in middle region. According to the evaluation results,we should accelerate the short board construction of marine industrial ecologization in various regions,improve the regional and intra-regional imbalance,construct the environmental access and constraint mechanism,the ecological symbiotic mechanism of the marine industry and the incentive mechanism for coordinated development,to ensure the coordinated development of economy,society and ecology.
Based on the theoretical analysis and practical needs,the theoretical model of marine industrial ecologization was constructed,and a comprehensive evaluation index system which concluded the marine industrial structure ecologization,marine industrial organization ecologization,marine production mode ecologization and marine technological innovations ecologization was built. 20 indexes were reduced to 7 principal components by principal component analysis. Entropy weight-dematel was used to calculate the comprehensive score of ecological level of coastal provinces( district and city),then adopted the system coordination degree model to carry out static and dynamic comprehensive evaluation using statistics collected from 2006 to 2014. The results showed that:(1) marine technological innovations ecologization was the most to affect marine industrial ecologization,and the technological research and investment were increased gradually,but the conversion of scientific and technological achievements were low. Secondly,marine production mode ecologization was included the level of pollution emission and energy consumption. Although the pollution discharge degree was declining year by year,the total emission was still beyond the environmental standard,which had a great influence on the ecological level of coastal provinces.(2) The overall ecological level of 2006-2014 showed a stable upward trend. The coordination between the elements had gradually increased. In 2014,the level of coordination all reached a higher level except Tianjin and Hainan. In the system layer,marine production mode ecologization fluctuated greatly,and the 7 principal components were stable.(3) The development trend of ecological coordination index and ecological comprehensive level was inconsistent. Shanghai and Jiangsu were in the leading positions,forming a coordinated development pattern. Tianjin and Hainan were relatively low,basically presenting the pattern of level in south and north regions and high level in middle region. According to the evaluation results,we should accelerate the short board construction of marine industrial ecologization in various regions,improve the regional and intra-regional imbalance,construct the environmental access and constraint mechanism,the ecological symbiotic mechanism of the marine industry and the incentive mechanism for coordinated development,to ensure the coordinated development of economy,society and ecology.
引文
[1]秦曼.新常态下海洋产业生态转型的困境与出路[J].经济纵横,2016(6):47-51.[QIN Man.Predicament and outlet of marine industry ecological transformation under new normal condition[J].Economic review,2016(6):47-51.]
[2]厉无畏,王慧敏.产业发展的趋势研判与理性思考[J].中国工业经济,2002(4):5-11.[LI Wuwei,WANG Huimin.An analysis on industry development tendency and rational thinking[J].China industrial economics,2002(4):5-11.]
[3]邱跃华.产业生态化理论研究的困境及出路[J].湖南工业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,20(4):26-30.[QIU Yuehua.Research on predicament and solution for the industrial ecology theory[J].Journal of Hunan University of Technology(social sciences edition),2015,20(4):26-30.]
[4]郭守前.产业生态化创新的理论与实践[J].前沿论坛,2002(4):34-37.[GUO Shouqian.The theory and practice of ecological innovation of industry[J].Forward forum,2002(4):34-37.]
[5]张文龙,邓伟根.产业生态化:经济发展模式转型的必然选择[J].社会科学家,2010(7):44-48.[ZHANG Wenlong,DENG Weigen.Industry ecology:the inevitable choice of economic development model transformation[J].Social scientist,2010(7):44-48.]
[6]狄乾斌.中国海洋经济发展的时空差异及其动态变化研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(12):1413-1420.[DI Qianbin.Spatial and temportal disparities of marine economic development and dynamic changes in China[J].Scientia geographica sinica,2013,33(12):1413-1420.]
[7]王泽宇,卢函,孙才志,等.中国海洋经济系统稳定性评价与空间分异[J].资源科学,2017,39(3):566-576.[WANG Zeyu,LU Han,SUN Caizhi,et al.Assessment and spatial differentiation of China’s marine economic system stability[J].Resources science,2017,39(3):566-576.]
[8]王泽宇,郭萌雨,韩增林.基于集对分析的海洋综合实力评价研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(2):351-360.[WANG Zeyu,GUO Mengyu,HAN Zenglin.Evaluation of marine comprehensive strength based on set pair analysis[J].Resources science,2014,36(2):351-360.]
[9]于谨凯,刘星华,单春红.海洋产业集聚对经济增长的影响研究:基于动态面板数据GMM方法[J].东岳论丛,2014,35(12):140-143.[YU Jinkai,LIU Xinghua,SHAN Chunhong.The impact of marine industry agglomeration on economic growth:based on dynamic panel data GMM[J].Dongyue tribune,2014,35(12):140-143.]
[10]马仁锋,李加林,赵建吉,等.中国海洋产业的结构与布局研究展望[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):902-914.[MA Renfeng,LI Jialin,ZHAO Jianji,et al.Progress on the research of maritime industry structure and layout in China[J].Geographical research,2013,32(5):902-914.]
[11]宁凌,胡婷,滕达.中国海洋产业结构演变趋势及升级对策研究[J].经济问题探索,2013(7):67-75.[NING Ling,HU Ting,TENG Da.Evolution trend and upgrading countermeasures of China’s marine industrial structure[J].Inquiry into economic issues,2013(7):67-75.]
[12]狄乾斌,张洁,吴佳璐.基于生态系统健康的辽宁省海洋生态承载力评价[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(2):256-264.[DI Qianbin,ZHANG Jie,WU Jialu.Assessment of marine ecological carrying capacity in Liaoning Province based on the ecosystem health[J].Journal of nature resources,2014,29(2):256-264.]
[13]陈东景.基于CGE模型的海洋生态补偿与宏观经济效应研究——以山东省为例[J].自然资源学报,2015(12):1994-2004.[CHEN Dongjing.Study on marine ecological compensation and macroeconomic effect based on CGE Model:a case study of Shandong Province[J].Journal of nature resources,2015(12):1994-2004.]
[14]高乐华,高强.海洋生态经济系统交互胁迫关系验证及其协调度测算[J].资源科学,2012,34(1):173-184.[GAO Lehua,GAO Qiang.Validation and calculation of the coordination degree of interactive relationships in the marine eco-economic system[J].Resources science.2012,34(1):173-184.]
[15]ANDERBERG S.Industrial metabolism and the linkages between economics,ethics and the environment[J].Ecological economics,1998,24(2-3):311-320.
[16]史亚琪,朱晓东,孙翔.区域经济—环境复合生态系统协调发展动态评价——以连云港为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4119-4129.[SHI Yaqi,ZHU Xiaodong,SUN Xiang.Dynamic assessment for the coordination between economic development and the environment:a case study of Lianyungang,China[J].Acta ecologica sinica,2010,30(15):4119-4129.]
[17]陆根尧,盛龙,唐辰华.中国产业生态化水平的静态与动态分析[J].中国工业经济,2012(3):147-159.[LU Genyao,SHENG Long,TANG Chenhua.Static and dynamic analysis of China’s industrial ecologization level empirical study based on provincial data[J].China industrial economics,2012(3):147-159.]
[18]罗能生,李佳佳,罗富政.中国城镇化进程与区域生态效率关系的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(11):53-60.[LUO Nengsheng,LI Jiajia,LUO Fuzheng.Empirical analysis on the relationship between the China urbanization and regional ecoefficiency[J].China population,resources and environment,2013,23(11):53-60.]
[19]成金华,孙琼,郭明晶,等.中国生态效率的区域差异及动态演化研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(1):47-54.[CHENG Jinhua,SUN Qiong,GUO Mingjing,et al.Research on regional disparity and dynamic evolution of eco-efficiency in China[J].China population,resources and environment,2014,24(1):47-54.]
[20]DOMENECH T,DAVIES M.Structure and morphology of industrial symbiosis networks:the case of Kalundborg[J].Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,2011,10(1):79-89.
[21]MIRATA M,EMTAIRAH T.Industrial symbiosis networks and the contribution to environmental innovation:the case of the Landskrona industrial symbiosis programme[J].Journal of cleaner production,2005,13(10-11):993-1002.
[22]袁增伟,毕军.生态产业共生网络形成机理及其系统解析框架[J].生态学报,2007,27(8):3182-3188.[YUAN Zengwei,BI Jun.Evolution mechanism of eco-industrial symbiosis network and its analytical framework[J].Acta ecologica sinica,2007,27(8):3182-3188.]
[23]ROBERTS B H.The application of industrial ecology principles and planning guidelines for the development of eco-industrial parks:an Australian case study[J].Journal of cleaner production,2004,12(8):997-1010.
[24]GIBBS D,DEUTZ P.Reflections on implementing industrial ecology through eco-industrial park development[J].Journal of cleaner production,2007,15(17):1683-1695.
[25]周亮广,梁虹.基于主成分分析和熵的喀斯特地区水资源承载力动态变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(5):827-833.[ZHOU Liangguang,LIANG Hong.A study on the evolution of water resource carrying capacity in Karstarea based on component analysis and entropy[J].Journal of natural resources,2006,21(5):827-833.]
[26]瞿英,路亚静,刘紫玉,等.基于AHP-DEMATEL法的权重计算方法研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2016,46(7):38-46.[QU Ying,LU Yajing,LIU Ziyu,et al.Research on the weight calculation method based on the AHP-Dematel Method[J].Mathematics in practice and theory,2016,46(7):38-46.]
[27]LU M T,LIN S W,TZENG G H.Improving RFID adoption in Taiwan’s healthcare industry based on a Dematel technique with a hybrid MCDM Model[J].Decision support systems,2013,56(1):259-269.
[28]汤铃,李建平,余乐安.基于距离协调度模型的系统协调发展定量评价方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(4):594-560.[TANG Ling,LI Jianping,YU Le’an.Quantitative evalua-tion methodology for system coordination development based on distance coordination degree model[J].Systems engineering theory&practice,2010,30(4):594-560.]
[2]厉无畏,王慧敏.产业发展的趋势研判与理性思考[J].中国工业经济,2002(4):5-11.[LI Wuwei,WANG Huimin.An analysis on industry development tendency and rational thinking[J].China industrial economics,2002(4):5-11.]
[3]邱跃华.产业生态化理论研究的困境及出路[J].湖南工业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,20(4):26-30.[QIU Yuehua.Research on predicament and solution for the industrial ecology theory[J].Journal of Hunan University of Technology(social sciences edition),2015,20(4):26-30.]
[4]郭守前.产业生态化创新的理论与实践[J].前沿论坛,2002(4):34-37.[GUO Shouqian.The theory and practice of ecological innovation of industry[J].Forward forum,2002(4):34-37.]
[5]张文龙,邓伟根.产业生态化:经济发展模式转型的必然选择[J].社会科学家,2010(7):44-48.[ZHANG Wenlong,DENG Weigen.Industry ecology:the inevitable choice of economic development model transformation[J].Social scientist,2010(7):44-48.]
[6]狄乾斌.中国海洋经济发展的时空差异及其动态变化研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(12):1413-1420.[DI Qianbin.Spatial and temportal disparities of marine economic development and dynamic changes in China[J].Scientia geographica sinica,2013,33(12):1413-1420.]
[7]王泽宇,卢函,孙才志,等.中国海洋经济系统稳定性评价与空间分异[J].资源科学,2017,39(3):566-576.[WANG Zeyu,LU Han,SUN Caizhi,et al.Assessment and spatial differentiation of China’s marine economic system stability[J].Resources science,2017,39(3):566-576.]
[8]王泽宇,郭萌雨,韩增林.基于集对分析的海洋综合实力评价研究[J].资源科学,2014,36(2):351-360.[WANG Zeyu,GUO Mengyu,HAN Zenglin.Evaluation of marine comprehensive strength based on set pair analysis[J].Resources science,2014,36(2):351-360.]
[9]于谨凯,刘星华,单春红.海洋产业集聚对经济增长的影响研究:基于动态面板数据GMM方法[J].东岳论丛,2014,35(12):140-143.[YU Jinkai,LIU Xinghua,SHAN Chunhong.The impact of marine industry agglomeration on economic growth:based on dynamic panel data GMM[J].Dongyue tribune,2014,35(12):140-143.]
[10]马仁锋,李加林,赵建吉,等.中国海洋产业的结构与布局研究展望[J].地理研究,2013,32(5):902-914.[MA Renfeng,LI Jialin,ZHAO Jianji,et al.Progress on the research of maritime industry structure and layout in China[J].Geographical research,2013,32(5):902-914.]
[11]宁凌,胡婷,滕达.中国海洋产业结构演变趋势及升级对策研究[J].经济问题探索,2013(7):67-75.[NING Ling,HU Ting,TENG Da.Evolution trend and upgrading countermeasures of China’s marine industrial structure[J].Inquiry into economic issues,2013(7):67-75.]
[12]狄乾斌,张洁,吴佳璐.基于生态系统健康的辽宁省海洋生态承载力评价[J].自然资源学报,2014,29(2):256-264.[DI Qianbin,ZHANG Jie,WU Jialu.Assessment of marine ecological carrying capacity in Liaoning Province based on the ecosystem health[J].Journal of nature resources,2014,29(2):256-264.]
[13]陈东景.基于CGE模型的海洋生态补偿与宏观经济效应研究——以山东省为例[J].自然资源学报,2015(12):1994-2004.[CHEN Dongjing.Study on marine ecological compensation and macroeconomic effect based on CGE Model:a case study of Shandong Province[J].Journal of nature resources,2015(12):1994-2004.]
[14]高乐华,高强.海洋生态经济系统交互胁迫关系验证及其协调度测算[J].资源科学,2012,34(1):173-184.[GAO Lehua,GAO Qiang.Validation and calculation of the coordination degree of interactive relationships in the marine eco-economic system[J].Resources science.2012,34(1):173-184.]
[15]ANDERBERG S.Industrial metabolism and the linkages between economics,ethics and the environment[J].Ecological economics,1998,24(2-3):311-320.
[16]史亚琪,朱晓东,孙翔.区域经济—环境复合生态系统协调发展动态评价——以连云港为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4119-4129.[SHI Yaqi,ZHU Xiaodong,SUN Xiang.Dynamic assessment for the coordination between economic development and the environment:a case study of Lianyungang,China[J].Acta ecologica sinica,2010,30(15):4119-4129.]
[17]陆根尧,盛龙,唐辰华.中国产业生态化水平的静态与动态分析[J].中国工业经济,2012(3):147-159.[LU Genyao,SHENG Long,TANG Chenhua.Static and dynamic analysis of China’s industrial ecologization level empirical study based on provincial data[J].China industrial economics,2012(3):147-159.]
[18]罗能生,李佳佳,罗富政.中国城镇化进程与区域生态效率关系的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(11):53-60.[LUO Nengsheng,LI Jiajia,LUO Fuzheng.Empirical analysis on the relationship between the China urbanization and regional ecoefficiency[J].China population,resources and environment,2013,23(11):53-60.]
[19]成金华,孙琼,郭明晶,等.中国生态效率的区域差异及动态演化研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2014,24(1):47-54.[CHENG Jinhua,SUN Qiong,GUO Mingjing,et al.Research on regional disparity and dynamic evolution of eco-efficiency in China[J].China population,resources and environment,2014,24(1):47-54.]
[20]DOMENECH T,DAVIES M.Structure and morphology of industrial symbiosis networks:the case of Kalundborg[J].Procedia-social and behavioral sciences,2011,10(1):79-89.
[21]MIRATA M,EMTAIRAH T.Industrial symbiosis networks and the contribution to environmental innovation:the case of the Landskrona industrial symbiosis programme[J].Journal of cleaner production,2005,13(10-11):993-1002.
[22]袁增伟,毕军.生态产业共生网络形成机理及其系统解析框架[J].生态学报,2007,27(8):3182-3188.[YUAN Zengwei,BI Jun.Evolution mechanism of eco-industrial symbiosis network and its analytical framework[J].Acta ecologica sinica,2007,27(8):3182-3188.]
[23]ROBERTS B H.The application of industrial ecology principles and planning guidelines for the development of eco-industrial parks:an Australian case study[J].Journal of cleaner production,2004,12(8):997-1010.
[24]GIBBS D,DEUTZ P.Reflections on implementing industrial ecology through eco-industrial park development[J].Journal of cleaner production,2007,15(17):1683-1695.
[25]周亮广,梁虹.基于主成分分析和熵的喀斯特地区水资源承载力动态变化研究[J].自然资源学报,2006,21(5):827-833.[ZHOU Liangguang,LIANG Hong.A study on the evolution of water resource carrying capacity in Karstarea based on component analysis and entropy[J].Journal of natural resources,2006,21(5):827-833.]
[26]瞿英,路亚静,刘紫玉,等.基于AHP-DEMATEL法的权重计算方法研究[J].数学的实践与认识,2016,46(7):38-46.[QU Ying,LU Yajing,LIU Ziyu,et al.Research on the weight calculation method based on the AHP-Dematel Method[J].Mathematics in practice and theory,2016,46(7):38-46.]
[27]LU M T,LIN S W,TZENG G H.Improving RFID adoption in Taiwan’s healthcare industry based on a Dematel technique with a hybrid MCDM Model[J].Decision support systems,2013,56(1):259-269.
[28]汤铃,李建平,余乐安.基于距离协调度模型的系统协调发展定量评价方法[J].系统工程理论与实践,2010,30(4):594-560.[TANG Ling,LI Jianping,YU Le’an.Quantitative evalua-tion methodology for system coordination development based on distance coordination degree model[J].Systems engineering theory&practice,2010,30(4):594-560.]