打赢易地扶贫搬迁脱贫攻坚战的若干思考
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摘要
分析了易地扶贫搬迁工作进展情况。研究表明,易地扶贫搬迁存在的问题主要有:一是因贫困户识别不精准、搬迁对象意愿调整、贫困户在建档立卡系统中进进出出等原因造成的搬迁对象不精准;二是对易地扶贫搬迁政策严格控制面积的理解不到位,造成的住房面积不精准;三是集中安置与分散安置方式较难选择、搬迁距离难以精确确定,造成的安置方式不精准;四是新老政策衔接不精准;五是住房建设、产业安排和社区管理等环节中搬迁户参与较少;六是涉及土地较难调整;七是搬迁涉及税费较高;八是搬迁户收入来源未发生根本性改变。进一步探寻其背后的原因。打赢易地扶贫搬迁脱贫攻坚战应该从找准搬迁对象、严控住房面积、合理选择安置方式、做好新老政策衔接、动员搬迁群众参与、适当放宽搬迁用地政策、降低搬迁税费负担、研究制定有针对性的后续发展路径等几个方面入手。
This paper analyzed the progress of poverty alleviation and relocation.Studies have shown that the main problems in the relocation of poverty-stricken areas include:First,the relocation targets caused by the imprecise identification of poor households,the willingness of relocating people,and the entry and exit of poor households in the establishment of the profile system;Second,it is the inaccurate housing area caused by the lack of understanding of the tightly controlled area of the relocation and resettlement policies;Third,it is difficult to select centralized resettlement and decentralized resettlement methods,and the inaccurate resettlement method caused by the unreasonable relocation distance;Fourth,the new and old policies inaccurate convergence;Fifth,less relocation of households in housing,industry,and community management;Sixth,it is difficult to adjust the land;Seventh,the relocation of povertystricken areas involves higher taxes and fees;Eighth,there has been no fundamental change in the income sources of relocated households.To win the fight against poverty via relocating,we should identify the relocating targets,strictly control the housing areas,rationally select the resettlement methods,integrate the old and new policies,mobilize the masses to participate in the project,appropriately relax the policy on land relocation for poverty alleviation,and reduce the tax burden on poverty alleviation and relocation.
This paper analyzed the progress of poverty alleviation and relocation.Studies have shown that the main problems in the relocation of poverty-stricken areas include:First,the relocation targets caused by the imprecise identification of poor households,the willingness of relocating people,and the entry and exit of poor households in the establishment of the profile system;Second,it is the inaccurate housing area caused by the lack of understanding of the tightly controlled area of the relocation and resettlement policies;Third,it is difficult to select centralized resettlement and decentralized resettlement methods,and the inaccurate resettlement method caused by the unreasonable relocation distance;Fourth,the new and old policies inaccurate convergence;Fifth,less relocation of households in housing,industry,and community management;Sixth,it is difficult to adjust the land;Seventh,the relocation of povertystricken areas involves higher taxes and fees;Eighth,there has been no fundamental change in the income sources of relocated households.To win the fight against poverty via relocating,we should identify the relocating targets,strictly control the housing areas,rationally select the resettlement methods,integrate the old and new policies,mobilize the masses to participate in the project,appropriately relax the policy on land relocation for poverty alleviation,and reduce the tax burden on poverty alleviation and relocation.
引文
[1]曾小溪,汪三贵.易地扶贫搬迁情况分析与思考[J].河海大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2017,(2).
[2]曾小溪,汪三贵.中国大规模减贫的经验:基于扶贫战略和政策的历史考察[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2017,(6).
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[6]国家发展改革委.“十三五”易地扶贫搬迁工作政策指引[EB/OL].http://fgw.hubei.gov.cn/jj/ztlm/gdzl/jzfp/zcjd/.
[7]唐钧.追求“精准”的反贫困新战略[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2016,(1).
[8]孙久文,唐泽地.中国特色的扶贫战略与政策[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2017,(2).
[9]国家统计局住户调查办公室.中国农村贫困监测报告2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[10]国务院扶贫办规划财务司,中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院.易地扶贫搬迁调研报告[R].2016.
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[12]吴新叶,牛晨光.易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的紧张与化解[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,(2).
[13]杨椠.对易地扶贫搬迁土地政策的几点认识[EB/OL].http://www.mlr.gov.cn/wszb/2017/fpydzclt/zhibozhaiyao/201710/t20171009_1609198.htm,2017-10-09.
[14]国务院扶贫办规划财务司,中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院.2017年易地扶贫搬迁调研报告[R].2017.
[15]刘伟,徐洁,黎洁.易地扶贫搬迁目标农户的识别[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2018,(3).
[16]王宏新等.中国易地扶贫搬迁政策的演进特征——基于政策文本量化分析[J].国家行政学院学报,2017,(3).
[17]中共平江县委办公室,平江县人民政府办公室.平江县易地扶贫搬迁实施细则[EB/OL].http://www.pingjiang.gov.cn/35048/40718/40773/40774/40775/content_1070984.html.
[18]许源源,熊瑛.易地扶贫搬迁研究述评[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,(3).
[19]耿敬杰,汪军民.易地扶贫搬迁与宅基地有偿退出协同推进机制研究[J].云南社会科学,2018,(2).
[20]王晓毅.易地搬迁与精准扶贫:宁夏生态移民再考察[J].新视野,2017,(2).
[21]贺立龙等.如何提升易地搬迁脱贫的精准性及实效——四川省易地扶贫搬迁部分地区的村户调查[J].农村经济,2017,(10).
[22]徐锡广,申鹏.易地扶贫搬迁移民的可持续性生计研究——基于贵州省的调查分析[J].贵州财经大学学报,2018,(1).
[23]汪三贵等.中国扶贫开发绩效第三方评估简论——基于中国人民大学反贫困问题研究中心的实践[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,(3).
(1)资料来源:除特殊说明外,来源于湖北省、重庆市相关市县2017年6月向国家发展改革委的工作汇报材料和两省(市)调研、座谈会了解的情况,下同。
[2]曾小溪,汪三贵.中国大规模减贫的经验:基于扶贫战略和政策的历史考察[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2017,(6).
[3]国家发展改革委.全国“十三五”易地扶贫搬迁规划[EB/OL].http://www.ndrc.gov.cn/zcfb/zcfbghwb/201610/W020161031520838587005.pdf.
[4]国家发展改革委.中国的易地扶贫搬迁政策[EB/OL].http://dqs.ndrc.gov.cn/gzdt/201803/t20180330_881335.html.
[5]邹英,向德平.易地扶贫搬迁贫困户市民化困境及其路径选择[J].江苏行政学院学报,2017,(2).
[6]国家发展改革委.“十三五”易地扶贫搬迁工作政策指引[EB/OL].http://fgw.hubei.gov.cn/jj/ztlm/gdzl/jzfp/zcjd/.
[7]唐钧.追求“精准”的反贫困新战略[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2016,(1).
[8]孙久文,唐泽地.中国特色的扶贫战略与政策[J].西北师大学报(社会科学版),2017,(2).
[9]国家统计局住户调查办公室.中国农村贫困监测报告2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.
[10]国务院扶贫办规划财务司,中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院.易地扶贫搬迁调研报告[R].2016.
[11]王晓毅.易地扶贫搬迁方式的转变与创新[J].改革,2016,(8).
[12]吴新叶,牛晨光.易地扶贫搬迁安置社区的紧张与化解[J].华南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,(2).
[13]杨椠.对易地扶贫搬迁土地政策的几点认识[EB/OL].http://www.mlr.gov.cn/wszb/2017/fpydzclt/zhibozhaiyao/201710/t20171009_1609198.htm,2017-10-09.
[14]国务院扶贫办规划财务司,中国人民大学中国扶贫研究院.2017年易地扶贫搬迁调研报告[R].2017.
[15]刘伟,徐洁,黎洁.易地扶贫搬迁目标农户的识别[J].中南财经政法大学学报,2018,(3).
[16]王宏新等.中国易地扶贫搬迁政策的演进特征——基于政策文本量化分析[J].国家行政学院学报,2017,(3).
[17]中共平江县委办公室,平江县人民政府办公室.平江县易地扶贫搬迁实施细则[EB/OL].http://www.pingjiang.gov.cn/35048/40718/40773/40774/40775/content_1070984.html.
[18]许源源,熊瑛.易地扶贫搬迁研究述评[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版),2018,(3).
[19]耿敬杰,汪军民.易地扶贫搬迁与宅基地有偿退出协同推进机制研究[J].云南社会科学,2018,(2).
[20]王晓毅.易地搬迁与精准扶贫:宁夏生态移民再考察[J].新视野,2017,(2).
[21]贺立龙等.如何提升易地搬迁脱贫的精准性及实效——四川省易地扶贫搬迁部分地区的村户调查[J].农村经济,2017,(10).
[22]徐锡广,申鹏.易地扶贫搬迁移民的可持续性生计研究——基于贵州省的调查分析[J].贵州财经大学学报,2018,(1).
[23]汪三贵等.中国扶贫开发绩效第三方评估简论——基于中国人民大学反贫困问题研究中心的实践[J].湖南农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,(3).
(1)资料来源:除特殊说明外,来源于湖北省、重庆市相关市县2017年6月向国家发展改革委的工作汇报材料和两省(市)调研、座谈会了解的情况,下同。