松嫩盐碱草地蒲公英根围AM真菌侵染特性及种类多样性
|
摘要
为深入了解松嫩盐碱草地蒲公英根围AM真菌类型,丰富该地AM真菌资源多样性,以及为更高效地修复盐碱农业用地提供新的途径及想法,利用形态学鉴定的研究方法,对松嫩盐碱草地蒲公英(Taraxacum mongolicum)根围AM真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi)侵染特性及其种类多样性进行研究。结果表明:1)在pH不同的土壤生态环境下,蒲公英根系均与AM真菌形成共生关系,并形成典型的重楼型(Paris-type,P型)菌根结构,且侵染率均达到100%。2)对利用湿筛法提取出的蒲公英根围土壤AM真菌孢子进行形态学鉴定,共鉴定出6属21种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)10种,为本区域蒲公英根围AM真菌优势属,摩西球囊霉占比最多,为本区域蒲公英根围优势AM真菌;无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)5种;盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)3种;和平囊霉属(Pacispora)、原囊霉属(Archaeospor)、巨孢囊霉属(Gigaspora)各1种。3)由于此次试验中侵染率极高,说明轻度碱性的土壤情况可能有利于AM真菌与宿主植物亲和以及AM真菌的生长,并且该样地处于适宜菌丝生长的pH范围内。
To further understand the AM fungi types in songnen saline-alkaline grassland of dandelion(Taraxacum mongolicum) root circumstance,rich the diversity of AM fungi resources,as well as provide new approaches and ideas for more efficient ecological remediation of saline-alkaline agricultural land,the morphological identification method was used to explore the infection characteristics and diversity of AM fungi.The results showed that:1) In the soil ecological environment with different pH,the dandelion root system was symbiotic with AM fungi.A typical paris-type(p type) mycorrhizal structure was formed,and the colonization rate reached 100%.2) Morphological identification of the AM fungi spores in the surrounding soil of dandelion root extracted by wet screening method was carried out.A total of 21 species of 6 genera were identified,including 10 species from Glomus,the dominant genus in the root of dandelion in this region.There were Acaulospora(5 species),Scutellospora(3 species),and Pacific spora,Archaeospor and Gigaspora(1 species each).3) The high infection rate in this experiment indicated that the mildly alkaline soil was conducive to the affinity between AM fungi and host plants as well as the growth of AM fungi,and the pH range of the site was suitable for mycelium growth.
To further understand the AM fungi types in songnen saline-alkaline grassland of dandelion(Taraxacum mongolicum) root circumstance,rich the diversity of AM fungi resources,as well as provide new approaches and ideas for more efficient ecological remediation of saline-alkaline agricultural land,the morphological identification method was used to explore the infection characteristics and diversity of AM fungi.The results showed that:1) In the soil ecological environment with different pH,the dandelion root system was symbiotic with AM fungi.A typical paris-type(p type) mycorrhizal structure was formed,and the colonization rate reached 100%.2) Morphological identification of the AM fungi spores in the surrounding soil of dandelion root extracted by wet screening method was carried out.A total of 21 species of 6 genera were identified,including 10 species from Glomus,the dominant genus in the root of dandelion in this region.There were Acaulospora(5 species),Scutellospora(3 species),and Pacific spora,Archaeospor and Gigaspora(1 species each).3) The high infection rate in this experiment indicated that the mildly alkaline soil was conducive to the affinity between AM fungi and host plants as well as the growth of AM fungi,and the pH range of the site was suitable for mycelium growth.
引文
[1] 徐丽娟,刁志凯,李岩,刘润进.菌根真菌的生理生态功能[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):285-292Xu L J,Diao Z K,Li Y,Liu R J.Eco-physiological functions of mycorrhizal fungi[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(1):285-292 (in Chinese)
[2] Brundrett M.Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants:Understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis[J].Plant and Soil,2009,320(1/2):37-77
[3] Reid C P.Mycorrhizae and waterstress[J].Root physiology and symbiosis,1979(6):392-408
[4] Morte A,Diaz G,Rodriguez P,Alarcón J J,Sánchez-Blanco M J.Growth and water relations in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal pinus halepensisi plants in response to drought[J].Biologia Plantarum,2001,44(2):263-267
[5] 陈永亮,陈保冬,刘蕾,胡亚军,徐天乐,张莘.丛枝菌根真菌在土壤氮素循环中的作用[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):4807-4815Chen Y L,Chen B D,Liu L,Hu Y J,Xu T L,Zhang X.The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil nitrogen cycling[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(17):4807-4815 (in Chinese)
[6] 于洪清.AM真菌与盐碱地藜科植物的共生关系[D].长春:东北师范大学,2015Yu H Q.The symbiotic relationship of AM fungi and the chenopodiaceae plants in saline and alkaline land[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2015 (in Chinese)
[7] 王倡宪,李晓林,宋福强,王贵强,李北齐.两种丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效及根系抗病相关酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(1):53-57Wang C X,Li X L,Song F Q,Wang G Q,Li B Q.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Fusarium wilt and disease resistance-related enzyme activity in cucumber seedling root[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(1):53-57 (in Chinese)
[8] Wagg C,Jansa J,Schmid B,van der Heijden M G A.Below ground biodiversity effects of plant symbionts support aboveground productivity[J].Ecology Letters,2011,14(10):1001-1009
[9] Johnson N C,Angelard C,Sanders I R,Kiers E T.Predicting community and ecosystem outcomes of mycorrhizal responses to global change[J].Ecology Letters,2013,16:140-153
[10] Rilling M C,Wright S F,Eviner V T.The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation:Comparing effects of five plant species[J].Plant and Soil,2002,238(2):325-333
[11] 林辰壹,马凯,秦玉玲,李会芳.NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫对蒲公英种子发芽及成苗的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2005(1):34-38Lin C Y,Ma K,Qin Y L,Li H F.Effect of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate on the seed germination and seedlings establishment of Chinese dandelion[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2005(1):34-38 (in Chinese)
[12] 杨春雪,陈飞,岳英男,阎秀峰.松嫩盐碱草地26种植物根围丛枝菌根真菌多样性特征[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):2008-2020Yang C X,Chen F,Yue Y N,Yan X F.Diversity characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of twenty six species of plants in Songnen saline-alkaline grassland[J].Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):2008-2020 (in Chinese)
[13] Estrada B,Barea J M,Aroca R,Juan M Ruiz-Lozano.A native Glomus intraradices strain from a Mediterranean saline area exhibits salt tolerance and enhanced symbiotic efficiency with maize plants under salt stress conditions[J].Plant and Soil,2013,366(1/2):333-349
[14] 李昭阳.多源遥感数据支持下的松嫩平原生态环境变化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006Li Z Y.Research on the evolvement of ecological environment in Songnen Plain with the support of mulfti-source remote sensing information[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2006 (in Chinese)
[15] 张南翼.模拟增温和氮沉降对松嫩草原土壤养分状况的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学,2013Zhang N Y.Effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on soil nutrient status in Songnen Meadow Steppe[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2013 (in Chinese)
[16] 孟繁荣.林木菌根学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1996Meng F R.Forest Mycorrhizal Science[M].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University Press,1996 (in Chinese)
[17] Isabel B,Mario C,Luis A,Michael J G.Managing arbuuscular mycorrhizal fungi for birotection:Mn toxicity[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68:78-84
[18] Phillips J M,Hayman D S.Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vasicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J].Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1970,55(1):158-161
[19] 接伟光.黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)丛枝菌根真菌鉴定及菌群结构分析[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2008Jie W G.Identification and microbial community structure analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Phellodendron amurense[D].Harbin:Heilongjiang University,2008 (in Chinese)
[20] 张峰峰,周可,赵玉洁,谢凤行,李亚玲.天津滨海盐碱土中VA菌根真菌资源调查研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):149-153Zhang F F,Zhou K,Zhao Y J,Xie F X,Li Y L.Status of VA mycorrhizal fungi resources in saline-alkaline soil of Tianjin[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(3):149-153 (in Chinese)
[21] Aliasgharzadeh N,Rastin S N,Towfighi H,Alizadeh A.Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of the Tabriz plain of Iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil[J].Mycorrhiza,2001,11(3):119-122
[22] 杨春雪,黄寿臣,陈飞,李丽丽.松嫩盐碱草地旋覆花根围AM真菌侵染特性及多样性[J].草业科学,2017,34(2):231-239Yang C X,Huang S C,Chen F,Li L L.Infection characteristics and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Inula japonica in Songnen saline-alkaline grassland[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(2):231-239 (in Chinese)
[23] 陈飞.松嫩盐碱草地星星草根围AM真菌多样性及功能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2017Chen F.Research of Deversity and function of AM fungi from Puccinellia tenuiflora rhizosphere in Songnen alkaline grassland[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2017 (in Chinese)
[24] 蔡晓布,彭岳林,冯固,钱成.西藏高原草地植物AM真菌多样性及其环境影响因子研究[J].土壤学报,2005(4):642-651Cai X B,Peng Y L,Feng G,Qian C.AM fungi diversity and their environmental factors in altiplano grassland in Tibet[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005(4):642-651 (in Chinese)
[2] Brundrett M.Mycorrhizal associations and other means of nutrition of vascular plants:Understanding the global diversity of host plants by resolving conflicting information and developing reliable means of diagnosis[J].Plant and Soil,2009,320(1/2):37-77
[3] Reid C P.Mycorrhizae and waterstress[J].Root physiology and symbiosis,1979(6):392-408
[4] Morte A,Diaz G,Rodriguez P,Alarcón J J,Sánchez-Blanco M J.Growth and water relations in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal pinus halepensisi plants in response to drought[J].Biologia Plantarum,2001,44(2):263-267
[5] 陈永亮,陈保冬,刘蕾,胡亚军,徐天乐,张莘.丛枝菌根真菌在土壤氮素循环中的作用[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):4807-4815Chen Y L,Chen B D,Liu L,Hu Y J,Xu T L,Zhang X.The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil nitrogen cycling[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(17):4807-4815 (in Chinese)
[6] 于洪清.AM真菌与盐碱地藜科植物的共生关系[D].长春:东北师范大学,2015Yu H Q.The symbiotic relationship of AM fungi and the chenopodiaceae plants in saline and alkaline land[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2015 (in Chinese)
[7] 王倡宪,李晓林,宋福强,王贵强,李北齐.两种丛枝菌根真菌对黄瓜苗期枯萎病的防效及根系抗病相关酶活性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(1):53-57Wang C X,Li X L,Song F Q,Wang G Q,Li B Q.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on Fusarium wilt and disease resistance-related enzyme activity in cucumber seedling root[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(1):53-57 (in Chinese)
[8] Wagg C,Jansa J,Schmid B,van der Heijden M G A.Below ground biodiversity effects of plant symbionts support aboveground productivity[J].Ecology Letters,2011,14(10):1001-1009
[9] Johnson N C,Angelard C,Sanders I R,Kiers E T.Predicting community and ecosystem outcomes of mycorrhizal responses to global change[J].Ecology Letters,2013,16:140-153
[10] Rilling M C,Wright S F,Eviner V T.The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and glomalin in soil aggregation:Comparing effects of five plant species[J].Plant and Soil,2002,238(2):325-333
[11] 林辰壹,马凯,秦玉玲,李会芳.NaCl和Na2SO4胁迫对蒲公英种子发芽及成苗的影响[J].新疆农业大学学报,2005(1):34-38Lin C Y,Ma K,Qin Y L,Li H F.Effect of sodium chloride and sodium sulfate on the seed germination and seedlings establishment of Chinese dandelion[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2005(1):34-38 (in Chinese)
[12] 杨春雪,陈飞,岳英男,阎秀峰.松嫩盐碱草地26种植物根围丛枝菌根真菌多样性特征[J].草业科学,2015,32(12):2008-2020Yang C X,Chen F,Yue Y N,Yan X F.Diversity characteristics of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of twenty six species of plants in Songnen saline-alkaline grassland[J].Pratacultural Science,2015,32(12):2008-2020 (in Chinese)
[13] Estrada B,Barea J M,Aroca R,Juan M Ruiz-Lozano.A native Glomus intraradices strain from a Mediterranean saline area exhibits salt tolerance and enhanced symbiotic efficiency with maize plants under salt stress conditions[J].Plant and Soil,2013,366(1/2):333-349
[14] 李昭阳.多源遥感数据支持下的松嫩平原生态环境变化研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2006Li Z Y.Research on the evolvement of ecological environment in Songnen Plain with the support of mulfti-source remote sensing information[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2006 (in Chinese)
[15] 张南翼.模拟增温和氮沉降对松嫩草原土壤养分状况的影响[D].长春:东北师范大学,2013Zhang N Y.Effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on soil nutrient status in Songnen Meadow Steppe[D].Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2013 (in Chinese)
[16] 孟繁荣.林木菌根学[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,1996Meng F R.Forest Mycorrhizal Science[M].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University Press,1996 (in Chinese)
[17] Isabel B,Mario C,Luis A,Michael J G.Managing arbuuscular mycorrhizal fungi for birotection:Mn toxicity[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2014,68:78-84
[18] Phillips J M,Hayman D S.Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vasicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J].Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1970,55(1):158-161
[19] 接伟光.黄檗(Phellodendron amurense)丛枝菌根真菌鉴定及菌群结构分析[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2008Jie W G.Identification and microbial community structure analysis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of Phellodendron amurense[D].Harbin:Heilongjiang University,2008 (in Chinese)
[20] 张峰峰,周可,赵玉洁,谢凤行,李亚玲.天津滨海盐碱土中VA菌根真菌资源调查研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(3):149-153Zhang F F,Zhou K,Zhao Y J,Xie F X,Li Y L.Status of VA mycorrhizal fungi resources in saline-alkaline soil of Tianjin[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2012,30(3):149-153 (in Chinese)
[21] Aliasgharzadeh N,Rastin S N,Towfighi H,Alizadeh A.Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils of the Tabriz plain of Iran in relation to some physical and chemical properties of soil[J].Mycorrhiza,2001,11(3):119-122
[22] 杨春雪,黄寿臣,陈飞,李丽丽.松嫩盐碱草地旋覆花根围AM真菌侵染特性及多样性[J].草业科学,2017,34(2):231-239Yang C X,Huang S C,Chen F,Li L L.Infection characteristics and diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Inula japonica in Songnen saline-alkaline grassland[J].Pratacultural Science,2017,34(2):231-239 (in Chinese)
[23] 陈飞.松嫩盐碱草地星星草根围AM真菌多样性及功能研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2017Chen F.Research of Deversity and function of AM fungi from Puccinellia tenuiflora rhizosphere in Songnen alkaline grassland[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2017 (in Chinese)
[24] 蔡晓布,彭岳林,冯固,钱成.西藏高原草地植物AM真菌多样性及其环境影响因子研究[J].土壤学报,2005(4):642-651Cai X B,Peng Y L,Feng G,Qian C.AM fungi diversity and their environmental factors in altiplano grassland in Tibet[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2005(4):642-651 (in Chinese)