江苏省成年居民膳食钠摄入状况
摘要
目的:分析江苏省成年居民膳食钠摄入情况,为指导居民合理膳食和防控慢性病提供科学依据。方法:数据来源于2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康监测江苏省调查结果,采用多层多阶段与人口成比例的整群随机抽样方法,抽取江苏省6个县区共2 244例,采用连续3 d 24 h况。与《中国居民膳食营养参考摄入量(2013)》比较,衡量江苏省成年人群膳食钠摄入水平。结果:江苏省成年居民人均每日膳食钠摄入量为(5 313.05±3 047.93)mg,其中大城市较低为(4 940.88±2 720.74)mg,中小城市为(5 238.15±2 920.79)mg,普通农村较高为(5667.05±3402.66)mg;男性平均每日膳食钠摄入量(5686.65±3150.77)mg大于女性(4994.72±2921.35)mg,差异有统计学意义(t=5.28,P <0.001);≥40～60岁组平均每日膳食钠摄入量为(5 526.31±3 194.34)mg,高于≥18～40岁和≥60岁两个年龄组。97.9%的居民膳食钠摄入量超过适宜摄入量,93.8%超过建议摄入量。食盐、酱油、鸡精是膳食钠的主要来源,腌菜和酱料也提供了一定比例的钠。结论:江苏省成年居民膳食钠摄入量与《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(2013)》相比处于较高水平,应大力提倡清淡饮食,积极采取措施限盐限钠,降低人群慢性病的发病风险。
引文
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[26] Van Vliet BN,Campbell NRC. Review:efforts to reduce sodium intake in Canada:why,what,and when?[J]. Can J Cardiol,2011,27(4):437-445
[27]徐建伟,徐海泉,马冠生.发达国家减盐行动的成功经验与启示[J].中国食物与营养,2012,18(10):75-78
[2] Strazzullo P,D’elia L,Kandala NB,et al. Salt intake,stroke,and cardiovascular disease:meta-analysis of pros-pective studies[J]. Br Med J,2009,339(7733):1296
[3] Lim SS,Vos T,Flaxman AD,et al. A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions,1990-2010:a systematic analysis for the global burden of dis-ease study 2010[J]. Lancet,2012,380(9859):2224-2260
[4]杨丽丽,席波.中国成年居民2000—2015年膳食钠、钾摄入量变化趋势分析[J].中国公共卫生,2017,33(8):1249-1253
[5]杨月欣,王光亚,潘兴昌.中国食物成分表[M]. 2版.北京:北京大学医学出版社,2009:1-181
[6]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2000:192-195
[7]于冬梅,赵丽云,郭海军,等. 2010—2012年中国18岁及以上成年居民膳食钠摄入状况[J].卫生研究,2018,47(1):13-17
[8]黄李春,章荣华,顾昉,等.浙江省居民膳食钠钾摄入水平[J].中国预防医学杂志,2011,12(12):1034-1037
[9]陈珺芳,刘辉,黄春萍,等.杭州市居民盐摄入情况及其影响因素分析[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2016,16(4):422-424
[10]周为文,方志峰,李忠友,等. 1991—2011年广西6市县18~65岁居民膳食钠摄入变化趋势[J].应用预防医学,2016,22(3):202-205
[11]余鹏,朱鹏立,黄峰,等.福建沿海地区盐摄入量调查及其与血压的相关性[J].中华高血压杂志,2015,23(1):57-61
[12]李静,常改,潘怡,等.天津城乡居民膳食微量营养素摄入及与高血压关系的研究[J].中华疾病控制杂志,2016,20(5):460-463
[13]李小成,郭宝福,金迪,等.南京市18岁及以上人群膳食钠与钾摄入状况及其与血压的相关性分析[J].实用预防医学,2016,23(11):1283-1286
[14]赵耀,喻颖杰,金庆中,等.北京市城区18岁及以上居民膳食钠及食盐摄入调查[J].中国健康教育,2012,28(8):616-619,638
[15] O’donnell M,Mente A,Rangarajan S,et al. Urinary sodi-um and potassium excretion,mortality,and cardiovascu-lar events[J]. N Engl J Med,2014,371(7):612-623
[16]Lelli D,Antonelli-Incalzi R,Bandinelli S,et al. Associa-tion between sodium excretion and cardiovascular disease and mortality in the elderly:a cohort study[J]. J Am Med Dir Assoc,2018,19(3):229-234
[17] Cook NR,Appel LJ,Whelton PK. Sodium intake and all-cause mortality over 20 years in the trials of hypertension prevention[J]. J Am Coll Cardiol,2016,68(15):1609-1617
[18]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016
[19] Va P,Luncheon C,Thompson-Paul AM,et al. Self-report-ed receipt of advice and action taken to reduce dietary so-dium among adults with and without hypertension-nine states and Puerto Rico,2015[J]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep,2018,67(7):225-229
[20] Jackson SL,Coleman King SM,Park S,et al. Research ar-ticle:Health professional advice and adult action to re-duce sodium intake[J]. Am J Prev Med,2016,50(1):30-39
[21] Patel D,Cogswell ME,John K,et al. Knowledge,atti-tudes,and behaviors related to sodium intake and reduc-tion among adult consumers in the United States[J]. Am J Health Promot,2017,31(1):9-18
[22]曹可珂,朱珍妮,冯翔,等.三城市餐馆菜肴中食盐和食用油使用情况调查[J].卫生研究,2014,43(3):515-518
[23]张强,万蓉,王惠君,等.家庭烹饪食品与餐馆食品味精使用情况比较分析[J].卫生研究,2011,40(5):648-649
[24] World Health Organization. Global status report on non-communicable diseases 2014[M]. Geneva,Switzerland:World Health Organization,2014:145
[25] Fitzpatrick L,Arcand JA,L’abbe M,et al. Accuracy of Canadian food labels for sodium content of food[J]. Nutri-ents,2014,6(8):3326-3335
[26] Van Vliet BN,Campbell NRC. Review:efforts to reduce sodium intake in Canada:why,what,and when?[J]. Can J Cardiol,2011,27(4):437-445
[27]徐建伟,徐海泉,马冠生.发达国家减盐行动的成功经验与启示[J].中国食物与营养,2012,18(10):75-78