拱顶储油罐爆炸作用下的动力响应数值模拟
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摘要
大型钢制储油罐在爆炸事故中极易遭受破坏,使得钢制储油罐结构的抗爆安全问题备受关注。基于此,根据柱壳理论建立了钢制储油罐结构的运动微分方程,并利用LS-DYNA非线性有限元计算软件,对容积为2×10~4 m~3拱顶式储油罐的爆炸破坏过程进行了数值模拟。通过缩比模型的破坏模拟试验对数值模拟结果的可靠性进行了验证,结果表明:在爆炸作用下,拱顶储油罐呈现弹塑性动力响应特性。受罐体轴向拉伸内力影响,顶部罐壁首先产生应力集中并引起结构强度失效,形成了迎爆面罐壁和部分拱顶内凹屈曲的破坏模式。由于爆炸冲击波和液体复合冲量的作用,失效区域带动相邻罐壁沿爆炸作用方向变形运动,最终导致罐体的失稳破坏。研究结果可为大型钢制储油罐的抗爆防护设计提供参考。
Large steel storage tanks are vulnerable to damage in explosion accidents, and the safety problems related with the explosion resistance safety of such structure are concerned. In this paper, the motion differential equations for the structure of storage tank were established according to the cylindrical shell theory. Then, the damage process of the fixed-roof storage tank with volume of 2×10~4 m~3 by the explosion was simulated by using the non-linear finite element calculation software LS-DYNA. And finally, the reliability of the numerical simulation results was verified by performing damage simulation test on the scaled model. It is shown that the fixed-roof tank under the effect of explosion presents the characteristics of elastic-plastic dynamic response. Due to axial tensile internal force of the tank, stress concentrates firstly on the wall at the top of the tank, leading to the failure of the structural strength. And as a result, the failure mode of concave buckling at the tank wall facing the blast and at the partial fixed roof is formed. Besides, under the effect of the composite impulse of explosive blast and liquid, the adjacent tank wall undergoes the deformational event in the direction of blast loading under the driving of the failure region, and eventually the tank is destabilized. The research results can provide the reference for the explosion resistance design of large steel oil storage tanks.
Large steel storage tanks are vulnerable to damage in explosion accidents, and the safety problems related with the explosion resistance safety of such structure are concerned. In this paper, the motion differential equations for the structure of storage tank were established according to the cylindrical shell theory. Then, the damage process of the fixed-roof storage tank with volume of 2×10~4 m~3 by the explosion was simulated by using the non-linear finite element calculation software LS-DYNA. And finally, the reliability of the numerical simulation results was verified by performing damage simulation test on the scaled model. It is shown that the fixed-roof tank under the effect of explosion presents the characteristics of elastic-plastic dynamic response. Due to axial tensile internal force of the tank, stress concentrates firstly on the wall at the top of the tank, leading to the failure of the structural strength. And as a result, the failure mode of concave buckling at the tank wall facing the blast and at the partial fixed roof is formed. Besides, under the effect of the composite impulse of explosive blast and liquid, the adjacent tank wall undergoes the deformational event in the direction of blast loading under the driving of the failure region, and eventually the tank is destabilized. The research results can provide the reference for the explosion resistance design of large steel oil storage tanks.
引文
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[16]CHANG J I,LIN C C.A study of storage tank accidents[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries,2006,157(19):51-59.
[17]JAN S.Experimental evaluation of LPG tank explosion hazards[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,96(13):189-200.
[18]马健.储油罐收油作业危险区域数值模拟[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):53-56.MA J.Numerical simulation of hazardous areas at loading of oil tank[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):53-56.
[19]赵丹阳,魏雪英,王书明.加油站埋地储油罐爆炸的数值模拟[J].应用力学学报,2014,31(4):573-577.ZHAO D Y,WEI X Y,WANG S M.Numerical simulation of underground oil tank explosion in gas station[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2014,31(4):573-577.
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[22]路胜卓,王伟,陈卫东.浮顶式储油罐的爆炸冲击失效[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(5):696-702.LU S Z,WANG W,CHEN W D.Failure characteristics of floating-roof oil storage tanks subjected to blast impact[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(5):696-702.
[2]SHEBEKO Y N,BOLODIAN I A,MOLCHANOV V P,et al.Fire and explosion risk assessment for large-scale oil export terminal[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2007,75(20):651-658.
[3]HSU H L,JEAN S Y.Improving seismic design efficiency of petrochemical facilities[J].Practice Periodical on Structural Design and Construction,2003,8(2):107-117.
[4]EULALIA P C,JUAN A V,JOAQUIM C.Fire and explosion hazards during filling/emptying of tanks[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,1999,63(12):651-658.
[5]CHANG J I,LIN C C.A study of storage tank accidents[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries,2006,157(19):51-59.
[6]盛耀祖,唐峰,吴萍萍.储油罐火灾爆炸故障树分析[J].安全,健康和环境,2016,16(4):47-49.SHENG Y Z,TANG F,WU P P.Fault tree analysis of oil tank fire explosion[J].Safety Health&Environment,2016,16(4):47-49.
[7]易玉枚,廖可兵,易灿南.基于BN的模糊系统事故风险管理辅助分析[J].安全与环境工程,2015,22(3):105-110.YI Y M,LIAO K B,YI C N.Study on the assistant analysis for accidental risk management based on the fuzzy system and BN[J].Safety and Environment Engineering,2015,22(3):105-110.
[8]JAN S.Experimental evaluation of LPG tank explosion hazards[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,96(13):189-200.
[9]SIMON K C.Long duration blast loading of cylindrical shell structures with variable fill level[J].Thin-Walled Structures,2014,85:234-249.
[10]路胜卓,张博一,王伟,等.爆炸作用下薄壁柱壳结构动力响应实验研究[J].南京理工大学学报,2011,35(5):621-626.LU S Z,ZHANG B Y,WANG W,et al.Experimental research on dynamic response mechanism of thin cylindrical shell under blast-loading[J].Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology,2011,35(5):621-626.
[11]刘新宇,马林建,马淑娜.核爆炸荷载作用下土埋钢油罐受力特性模型试验[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,10(2):175-178.LIU X Y,MA L J,MA S N.Model experiment on force characteristic of soil-embedded steel oil tank under nuclear explosion[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition),2009,10(2):175-178.
[12]周建伟,方秦,张亚栋.地下储液罐抗爆炸地冲击作用的流固耦合有限元分析[J].防灾减灾工程学报,2009,29(1):35-43.ZHOU J W,FANG Q,ZHANG Y D.Numerical analysis of fluid-solid coupling of the underground liquid storage tanks subjected to the ground shock induced by explosions[J].Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering,2009,29(1):35-43.
[13]王震,胡可,赵阳.拱顶钢储罐内部蒸气云爆炸冲击荷载的数值模拟[J].振动与冲击,2013,32(20):25-40.WANG Z,HU K,ZHAO Y.Numerical simulation for internal vapour cloud explosion loading in doom-roof steel tanks[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2013,32(20):25-40.
[14]翁大根,葛庆子.接触爆炸作用下特大型LNG储罐的动力响应分析[J].天然气工业,2014,34(1):1-7.WENG D G,GE Q Z.A dynamic response analysis of an external-large LNG storage tank under blasting conditions[J].Natural Gas Industry,2014,34(1):1-7.
[15]何菲,王旭,刘德仁,等.爆炸作用下储油罐基础的动力响应分析[J].兰州交通大学学报,2013,32(1):30-34.HE F,WANG X,LIU D R,et al.Analysis of dynamic response of oil storage tank foundation under explosive loading[J].Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2013,32(1):30-34.
[16]CHANG J I,LIN C C.A study of storage tank accidents[J].Journal of Loss Prevention in The Process Industries,2006,157(19):51-59.
[17]JAN S.Experimental evaluation of LPG tank explosion hazards[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,96(13):189-200.
[18]马健.储油罐收油作业危险区域数值模拟[J].油气储运,2015,34(1):53-56.MA J.Numerical simulation of hazardous areas at loading of oil tank[J].Oil&Gas Storage and Transportation,2015,34(1):53-56.
[19]赵丹阳,魏雪英,王书明.加油站埋地储油罐爆炸的数值模拟[J].应用力学学报,2014,31(4):573-577.ZHAO D Y,WEI X Y,WANG S M.Numerical simulation of underground oil tank explosion in gas station[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics,2014,31(4):573-577.
[20]杨光辉.大型油罐火灾爆炸危害性研究[D].青岛:中国石油大学(华东),2007:1-27.YANG G H.Research on the fire and explosion endangerment of the large-scale oilcan[D].Qindao:China University of Petroleum(Huadong),2007:1-27.
[21]LSTC Corporation.LS-DYNA keyword user’s manual[M].USA:Livermore Software Technology Corporation(LSTC),2007:17-43.
[22]路胜卓,王伟,陈卫东.浮顶式储油罐的爆炸冲击失效[J].爆炸与冲击,2015,35(5):696-702.LU S Z,WANG W,CHEN W D.Failure characteristics of floating-roof oil storage tanks subjected to blast impact[J].Explosion and Shock Waves,2015,35(5):696-702.