PEG预处理对盐及镉胁迫下黑麦草生理代谢的影响
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摘要
为了探讨PEG预处理对盐胁迫和镉胁迫下多年生黑麦草幼苗生理特性的影响,将黑麦草幼苗分别用0,5%,10%,15%,20%,25%(对应水势分别为0,-0.05,-0.15,-0.30,-0.50,-0.77 MPa)的PEG-6000营养液进行预处理后,分别用含150 mmol/L NaCl和Cd~(2+)浓度为10 mg/L的胁迫液培养,然后测定黑麦草幼苗叶片的光合色素含量、MDA含量、游离脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量及抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT、APX)活性。结果表明:盐胁迫下15%(-0.30 MPa)PEG预处理和镉胁迫下10%(-0.15 MPa)PEG预处理可以有效提高多年生黑麦草的光合色素含量,降低MDA、游离脯氨酸含量,增加可溶性糖含量,提高抗氧化酶活性。PEG预处理下多年生黑麦草在遭受逆境胁迫时,受到多种生理生化的调节,其生理指标的动态变化是黑麦草应答逆境因子胁迫的重要调节机制,体现了其对逆境胁迫的适应能力以及在多种逆境胁迫下的交叉适应能力。
Sand culture experiment were carried out to study the effects of PEG pretreatment on physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne seedlings under salt stress and cadmium stress. The experimental seedlings were dealt with 0%, 5%,10%,15%,20% and 25%(the corresponding water potential was 0,-0.05,-0.15,-0.30,-0.50 and-0.77 MPa, respectively) PEG-6000 pretreatment nutrient solutions, respectively, and then the seedlings were cultured separately by stress solutions containing 150 mmol/L NaCl and 10 mg/L Cd~(2+), respectively. Then the leaf chlorophyll(Chl)content, activities of antioxidant enzyme(such as catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD), guaiacol peroxidase(POD) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)), contents of osmoregulation substances, such as proline, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde(MDA) in leaves were determined. The test results showed that the 15%(-0.30 MPa) PEG pretreatment under the salt stress and the 10%(-0.15 MPa) PEG pretreatment under the Cd~(2+) stress could effectively increase the leaf chlorophyll contents of L. perenne seedlings, reduce the contents of MDA and proline, increase the content of soluble sugar and increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The above results showed that the L. perenne dealt by PEG pretreatment under stress was regulated by various physiological and biochemical factors. The dynamic changes of physiological indexes were important regulatory mechanisms for L. perenne in respons to stress, which reflected its adaptability to stress and its cross-adaptation ability under various stresses.
Sand culture experiment were carried out to study the effects of PEG pretreatment on physiological characteristics of Lolium perenne seedlings under salt stress and cadmium stress. The experimental seedlings were dealt with 0%, 5%,10%,15%,20% and 25%(the corresponding water potential was 0,-0.05,-0.15,-0.30,-0.50 and-0.77 MPa, respectively) PEG-6000 pretreatment nutrient solutions, respectively, and then the seedlings were cultured separately by stress solutions containing 150 mmol/L NaCl and 10 mg/L Cd~(2+), respectively. Then the leaf chlorophyll(Chl)content, activities of antioxidant enzyme(such as catalase(CAT),superoxide dismutase(SOD), guaiacol peroxidase(POD) and ascorbate peroxidase(APX)), contents of osmoregulation substances, such as proline, soluble sugar and malondialdehyde(MDA) in leaves were determined. The test results showed that the 15%(-0.30 MPa) PEG pretreatment under the salt stress and the 10%(-0.15 MPa) PEG pretreatment under the Cd~(2+) stress could effectively increase the leaf chlorophyll contents of L. perenne seedlings, reduce the contents of MDA and proline, increase the content of soluble sugar and increase the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The above results showed that the L. perenne dealt by PEG pretreatment under stress was regulated by various physiological and biochemical factors. The dynamic changes of physiological indexes were important regulatory mechanisms for L. perenne in respons to stress, which reflected its adaptability to stress and its cross-adaptation ability under various stresses.
引文
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[8] 刘杰,刘公社,齐冬梅,等.聚乙二醇处理对羊草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响[J].草业学报,2002,11(1):59-64.
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[13] 鲍维宝,韩烈保,尹淑霞.多年生黑麦草在北京引种适应性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(2):71-73.
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[15] 盛洁.黑麦草对重金属的响应及修复调控研究进展[J].作物研究,2014,28(8):948-952.
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[17] 王慧忠,李鹃.重金属镉、铅对多年生黑麦草细胞内几种抗氧化酶基因表达的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2371-2376.
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[19] 韩建国,毛培胜.牧草种子学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011,123-128.
[20] 张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导 [M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:154-169.
[21] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:167-169.
[22] Nakano Y,Asada K.Hydrogen peroxide is chloroplasts [J].Plant and Cell Physiology,1981,22(5):867-880.
[23] 汪贵斌,曹福亮.盐胁迫对落羽杉生理及生长的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(3):11-14.
[24] 吴永波,薛建辉.盐胁迫对3种白蜡树幼苗生长与光合作用的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(3):19-22.
[25] 惠红霞,许兴,李守明.宁夏干旱地区盐胁迫下枸杞光合生理特性及耐盐性研究[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(5):29-34.
[26] Werner A,Stelzer R.Physiological responses of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle grown in the absence and presence of NaCl [J].Plant Cell & Environment,1990,13(3):243-255.
[27] 董晓霞,赵树慧,孔令安,等.苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究[J].草业科学,1998,15(5):11-14.
[28] 王宇.在PEG预处理下水稻幼苗对NaCl及NaCl+PEG联合胁迫的生理响应[D].沈阳:沈阳师范大学,2013.
[29] 潘兴.PEG预处理对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生理特性的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳师范大学,2012.
[30] Griffiths H,Parry M A.Plant responses to water stress [J].Annals of Botany,2002,89(7):801-802.
[31] 武香,倪建伟,张华新,等.盐胁迫下不同盐生植物渗透调节的生理响应[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(8):29-33.
[32] 周晓星.柳属植物对重金属镉胁迫的生长与生理响应[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012.
[33] 刘晓东,李洋洋,何淼.PEG模拟干旱胁迫对玉带草生理特性的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(5):687-693.
[34] Petrusa L M,Winicov I.Proline status in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive alfalfa cell lines and plants in response to NaCl [J].Plant Physiology & Biochemistry,1997,35(4):303-310.
[35] Haro R,Baňuelos M A,Quintero F J,et al.Genetic basis of sodium exclusion and sodium tolerance in yeast.A model for plants[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1993,89(4):868-874.
[36] Chaum S,Kirdmanee C.Effect of salt stress on proline accumulation,photosynthetic ability and growth characters in two maize cultivars [J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2009,41(1):87-98.
[37] 刘一明,程凤枝,王齐,等.4种暖季型草坪植物的盐胁迫反应及其耐盐阈值[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):192-199.
[38] 高战武.紫花苜蓿和燕麦抗盐碱机制研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2011.
[39] Zhao X,Tan H J,Liu Y B,et al.Effect of salt stress on growth and osmotic regulation in Thellungiella and Arabidopsis callus [J].Plant Cell Tissue & Organ Culture,2009,98(1):97-103.
[40] 吕娥娥.苗期蒙古岩黄芪对干旱和NaCl胁迫的生理响应[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[41] 张海燕,芦英梅,苏俊霞.运城盐湖植物有机渗调剂的比较研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,14(4):64-67.
[42] 刘晶,才华,刘莹,等.两种紫花苜蓿苗期耐盐生理特性的初步研究及其耐盐性比较[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):250-256.
[43] Xu J,Zhu Y Y,Ge Q,et al.Comparative physiological responses of Solanum nigrum and Solanum torvum to cadmium stress[J].New Phytologist,2012,196(1):125-138.
[44] 杨叶萍.镉胁迫下苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)的生理生态适应性研究[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2016.
[45] 蒋明义,荆家海,王韶唐.水分胁迫与植物膜脂过氧化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1991,19(2):88-94.
[46] Garg N,Chandel S.Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in arresting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and strengthening antioxidant defense in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.nodules under salinity (NaCl) and cadmium (Cd) stress [J].Plant Growth Regulation,2015,75(2):521-534.
[47] 刘俊祥,许新桥,钱永强,等.多年生黑麦草抗氧化酶和植物络合素对Cd2+胁迫的应答[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1787-1793.
[48] 富春元,张淑娟,鱼昭君,等.PEG模拟干旱胁迫对叶缘裂刻小白菜生理特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(5):139-145.
[2] Tester M,Davenport R.Na+ Tolerance and Na+ Transport in Higher Plants [J].Annals of Botany,2003,91(5):503-527.
[3] 郭文芳,农万廷,李刚强,等.植物耐盐碱基因工程研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(7):11-17.
[4] 薛亮,刘建锋,史胜青,等.植物响应重金属胁迫的蛋白质组学研究进展[J].草业学报,2013,22(4):300-311.
[5] 夏方山,闫慧芳,毛培胜,等.PEG引发对燕麦老化种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响[J].草业科学,2015,32(5):731-737.
[6] 杨景宁,王彦荣.PEG模拟干旱胁迫对4种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2012,21(6):23-29.
[7] 孙艳茹,石屹,陈国军,等.PEG模拟干旱胁迫下8种绿肥作物萌发特性与抗旱性评价[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):89-98.
[8] 刘杰,刘公社,齐冬梅,等.聚乙二醇处理对羊草种子萌发及活性氧代谢的影响[J].草业学报,2002,11(1):59-64.
[9] 刘贵河,郭郁频,任永霞,等.PEG胁迫下5种牧草饲料作物种子萌发期的抗旱性研究[J].种子,2013,32(1):15-19.
[10] 彭燕,李州.干旱预处理对抗旱性不同的2个草地早熟禾品种耐热性能的影响[J].草业学报,2013,22(5):229-238.
[11] 梅映学,魏玮,张诗婉,等.干旱锻炼对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗根系抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(8):1304-1308.
[12] 褚妍.PEG预处理对水分胁迫下水稻抗氧化酶同工酶及其表达的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳师范大学,2011.
[13] 鲍维宝,韩烈保,尹淑霞.多年生黑麦草在北京引种适应性研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(2):71-73.
[14] 刘俊祥.多年生黑麦草对重金属镉的抗性机理研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012.
[15] 盛洁.黑麦草对重金属的响应及修复调控研究进展[J].作物研究,2014,28(8):948-952.
[16] 王宏信.重金属富集植物黑麦草对锌、镉的响应及其根际效应[D].重庆:西南大学,2006.
[17] 王慧忠,李鹃.重金属镉、铅对多年生黑麦草细胞内几种抗氧化酶基因表达的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(6):2371-2376.
[18] Hu L X,Li H Y,Pang H C,et al.Responses of antioxidant gene,protein and enzymes to salinity stress in two genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) differing in salt tolerance [J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2012,169(2):146-156.
[19] 韩建国,毛培胜.牧草种子学[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社,2011,123-128.
[20] 张志良,瞿伟菁.植物生理学实验指导 [M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2003:154-169.
[21] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:167-169.
[22] Nakano Y,Asada K.Hydrogen peroxide is chloroplasts [J].Plant and Cell Physiology,1981,22(5):867-880.
[23] 汪贵斌,曹福亮.盐胁迫对落羽杉生理及生长的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2003,27(3):11-14.
[24] 吴永波,薛建辉.盐胁迫对3种白蜡树幼苗生长与光合作用的影响[J].南京林业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(3):19-22.
[25] 惠红霞,许兴,李守明.宁夏干旱地区盐胁迫下枸杞光合生理特性及耐盐性研究[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(5):29-34.
[26] Werner A,Stelzer R.Physiological responses of the mangrove Rhizophora mangle grown in the absence and presence of NaCl [J].Plant Cell & Environment,1990,13(3):243-255.
[27] 董晓霞,赵树慧,孔令安,等.苇状羊茅盐胁迫下生理效应的研究[J].草业科学,1998,15(5):11-14.
[28] 王宇.在PEG预处理下水稻幼苗对NaCl及NaCl+PEG联合胁迫的生理响应[D].沈阳:沈阳师范大学,2013.
[29] 潘兴.PEG预处理对盐胁迫下水稻幼苗生理特性的影响[D].沈阳:沈阳师范大学,2012.
[30] Griffiths H,Parry M A.Plant responses to water stress [J].Annals of Botany,2002,89(7):801-802.
[31] 武香,倪建伟,张华新,等.盐胁迫下不同盐生植物渗透调节的生理响应[J].东北林业大学学报,2012,40(8):29-33.
[32] 周晓星.柳属植物对重金属镉胁迫的生长与生理响应[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2012.
[33] 刘晓东,李洋洋,何淼.PEG模拟干旱胁迫对玉带草生理特性的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(5):687-693.
[34] Petrusa L M,Winicov I.Proline status in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive alfalfa cell lines and plants in response to NaCl [J].Plant Physiology & Biochemistry,1997,35(4):303-310.
[35] Haro R,Baňuelos M A,Quintero F J,et al.Genetic basis of sodium exclusion and sodium tolerance in yeast.A model for plants[J].Physiologia Plantarum,1993,89(4):868-874.
[36] Chaum S,Kirdmanee C.Effect of salt stress on proline accumulation,photosynthetic ability and growth characters in two maize cultivars [J].Pakistan Journal of Botany,2009,41(1):87-98.
[37] 刘一明,程凤枝,王齐,等.4种暖季型草坪植物的盐胁迫反应及其耐盐阈值[J].草业学报,2009,18(3):192-199.
[38] 高战武.紫花苜蓿和燕麦抗盐碱机制研究[D].长春:东北师范大学,2011.
[39] Zhao X,Tan H J,Liu Y B,et al.Effect of salt stress on growth and osmotic regulation in Thellungiella and Arabidopsis callus [J].Plant Cell Tissue & Organ Culture,2009,98(1):97-103.
[40] 吕娥娥.苗期蒙古岩黄芪对干旱和NaCl胁迫的生理响应[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[41] 张海燕,芦英梅,苏俊霞.运城盐湖植物有机渗调剂的比较研究[J].山西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2000,14(4):64-67.
[42] 刘晶,才华,刘莹,等.两种紫花苜蓿苗期耐盐生理特性的初步研究及其耐盐性比较[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):250-256.
[43] Xu J,Zhu Y Y,Ge Q,et al.Comparative physiological responses of Solanum nigrum and Solanum torvum to cadmium stress[J].New Phytologist,2012,196(1):125-138.
[44] 杨叶萍.镉胁迫下苎麻(Boehmeria nivea)的生理生态适应性研究[D].南昌:江西师范大学,2016.
[45] 蒋明义,荆家海,王韶唐.水分胁迫与植物膜脂过氧化[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),1991,19(2):88-94.
[46] Garg N,Chandel S.Role of arbuscular mycorrhiza in arresting reactive oxygen species (ROS) and strengthening antioxidant defense in Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.nodules under salinity (NaCl) and cadmium (Cd) stress [J].Plant Growth Regulation,2015,75(2):521-534.
[47] 刘俊祥,许新桥,钱永强,等.多年生黑麦草抗氧化酶和植物络合素对Cd2+胁迫的应答[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1787-1793.
[48] 富春元,张淑娟,鱼昭君,等.PEG模拟干旱胁迫对叶缘裂刻小白菜生理特性的影响[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(5):139-145.