山东典型薯田中氧化生物双降解地膜残留特点研究
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摘要
以山东省滕州市马铃薯产区作为研究对象,对连续应用氧化生物双降解地膜薯田地膜残留状况进行了分析研究。结果显示,连续覆膜4年的薯田中氧化生物双降解地膜残留量为19.92 kg/hm~2,残膜片数为180.0万片/hm~2,分别较聚乙烯地膜减少51%和41%。残留双降解地膜主要集中在耕层中,0～10、10～20、20～30 cm土层中的残膜数量分别占总量的58%、23%和19%,大幅减少了残膜在耕层底部的分布比例。研究结果还显示,氧化生物双降解地膜残留膜片面积明显减少,残膜破碎程度大幅增加,<4 cm~2、4～25 cm~2、>25 cm~2残膜片数分别占总量的44.0%、54.6%和1.4%。研究表明,应用氧化生物双降解地膜有效减少了地膜残留,有利于农业生产的可持续发展。
Taking the potato producing area of Tengzhou City in Shandong Province as the research object,the status of plastic film residues in potato fields with continuous application of oxo-biodegradable film was analyzed and studied.The results indicated that the amount of residual oxo-biodegradable plastic film in potato fields with 4 years of film-mulching were 19.92 kg per hectare and 1.8 million pieces per hectare,which were 51% and 41% lower than that of polythene film respectively.Most of residual oxo-biodegradable plastic film was distributed in topsoil,and the percentage of residual film in three layer of soil(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm) were 58%,23% and 19% respectively.And the distribution ratio of residual film in deep soil decreased significantly.Compared to polythene film,the average area of residual oxo-biodegradable plastic film decreased obviously,and the amout of residual film with different sizes were 44.0%(<4 cm~2),54.6%(4-25 cm~2) and 1.4%(>25 cm~2) respectively.The conclusion indicates that the application of oxo-biodegradable plastic films can effectively reduce the amount of residual film and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
Taking the potato producing area of Tengzhou City in Shandong Province as the research object,the status of plastic film residues in potato fields with continuous application of oxo-biodegradable film was analyzed and studied.The results indicated that the amount of residual oxo-biodegradable plastic film in potato fields with 4 years of film-mulching were 19.92 kg per hectare and 1.8 million pieces per hectare,which were 51% and 41% lower than that of polythene film respectively.Most of residual oxo-biodegradable plastic film was distributed in topsoil,and the percentage of residual film in three layer of soil(0-10 cm,10-20 cm,20-30 cm) were 58%,23% and 19% respectively.And the distribution ratio of residual film in deep soil decreased significantly.Compared to polythene film,the average area of residual oxo-biodegradable plastic film decreased obviously,and the amout of residual film with different sizes were 44.0%(<4 cm~2),54.6%(4-25 cm~2) and 1.4%(>25 cm~2) respectively.The conclusion indicates that the application of oxo-biodegradable plastic films can effectively reduce the amount of residual film and promote the sustainable development of agriculture.
引文
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[16] 马辉,梅旭荣,严昌荣,等.华北典型农区棉田土壤中地膜残留特点研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):570-573.
[2] 何文清,严昌荣,赵彩霞,等.我国地膜应用污染现状及其防治途径研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2009,28(3):533-538.
[3] 严昌荣,梅旭荣,何文清,等.农用地膜残留污染的现状与防治[J].农业工程学报,2006,22(11):269-272.
[4] 国家统计局农村社会经济调查司.中国农村统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2015.
[5] MOLLER K,GEVERT T.Arne holmstrom examination of a low density polyethylene(LDPE)film after 15 years of service as an air and water vapour barrier[J].Polymer degradation and stability ,2001,73(1):69-74.
[6] 杨惠娣.塑料农膜与生态环境保护[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000:110-113.
[7] 王敬国.农用化学物质的利用与污染控制[M].北京:北京出版社,2001:73.
[8] 徐刚,杜晓明,曹云者,等.典型地区农用地膜残留水平及其形态特征研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2005,24(1):79-83.
[9] 袁俊霞.农用残膜的污染与防治[J].农业环境与发展,2003(1):31-32.
[10] 杜晓明,徐刚,许端平,等.中国北方典型地区农用地膜污染现状调查及其防治对策[J].农业工程学报,2002,2(2):225-227.
[11] 麻世华,叶东平,麻成军.农用塑料薄膜的残留危害及控制措施[J].现代化农业,1997(10):5-6.
[12] 袁海涛,王丽红,董灵艳,等.氧化-生物双降解地膜降解性能及增温、保墒效果研究[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(23):166-170.
[13] 袁海涛,于谦林,贾德新,等.氧化-生物双降解地膜降解性能及其对棉花生长的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(6):602-608.
[14] 刘蕊,孙仕军,张旺旺,等.氧化生物双降解地膜覆盖对玉米田间水热及产量的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2017,36(12):1-7.
[15] 严昌荣,王序俭,何文清,等.新疆石河子地区棉田土壤中地膜残留研究[J].生态学报,2008,28(7):3470-3474.
[16] 马辉,梅旭荣,严昌荣,等.华北典型农区棉田土壤中地膜残留特点研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2008,27(2):570-573.