秩序的维持与破坏:论村上春树《1Q84》中的伦理、记忆与后现代性
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摘要
村上春树于2009年发表了《1Q84》,本文旨在讨论该作品如何表现后现代社会中的伦理和记忆秩序。《1Q84》以1984年日本后现代社会中的现象为题,表现日本人在看似井然有序的生活中充满了精神危机。小说以人物的感知和时间意识受到干扰为主要内容,配合大量有关诸如饮食和性爱等日常生活议题,表现后现代人物有别于过去的生存和死亡态度。《1Q84》以小说的虚构性叙事去表现对记忆和伦理秩序的质疑,并透过这种质疑去表现个体对存在的感觉及其转变。种种剧烈的变化为人物带来"震惊",最终导致人物记忆秩序的崩溃。面对这种情况,村上春树以"小确幸"的方式,令《1Q84》中的人物得到各种暂时的安慰。但是,这种"小确幸"却表现着一种现代性与后现代性的矛盾。故此,应把《1Q84》看成是村上春树回看和反思后现代性的思考,这样才能理解当中并不彻底的后现代主义特质。
This paper examines how Murakami Haruki represents the order of ethics and memory in a postmodern society in his novel, 1Q84, published in 2009. 1Q84 sets out to explore some prevalent phenomena identified in the postmodern Japanese society in 1984. It uncovers that the Japanese population was susceptible to a mental health crisis even though they appeared to lead a highly organized lifestyle. The novel is mainly influenced by the perception of the characters and the sense of time. With a large number of daily life issues such as diet and sex, the postmodern characters are different from the past attitudes of survival and death. 1Q84 uses the fictional narrative of the novel to express doubts about memory and ethical order, and through this questioning to express the individual's feelings of existence and its transformation. The occurrence of these radical changes comes as an immense shock to the characters, resulting in the ultimate collapse of their memory order. In response to this, Murakami Haruki employs the technique of "Little Happiness" as an attempt to offer some temporary consolation to the characters in 1Q84. However, the use of "Little Happiness" itself highlights the contradiction between modernism and postmodernism as well. In conclusion, 1Q84 should be interpreted as an attempt by Murakami Haruki to revisit and reflect on the postmodern mentality. By doing so, we can have a better understanding about the incomplete characteristics of postmodernism featured in the novel.
This paper examines how Murakami Haruki represents the order of ethics and memory in a postmodern society in his novel, 1Q84, published in 2009. 1Q84 sets out to explore some prevalent phenomena identified in the postmodern Japanese society in 1984. It uncovers that the Japanese population was susceptible to a mental health crisis even though they appeared to lead a highly organized lifestyle. The novel is mainly influenced by the perception of the characters and the sense of time. With a large number of daily life issues such as diet and sex, the postmodern characters are different from the past attitudes of survival and death. 1Q84 uses the fictional narrative of the novel to express doubts about memory and ethical order, and through this questioning to express the individual's feelings of existence and its transformation. The occurrence of these radical changes comes as an immense shock to the characters, resulting in the ultimate collapse of their memory order. In response to this, Murakami Haruki employs the technique of "Little Happiness" as an attempt to offer some temporary consolation to the characters in 1Q84. However, the use of "Little Happiness" itself highlights the contradiction between modernism and postmodernism as well. In conclusion, 1Q84 should be interpreted as an attempt by Murakami Haruki to revisit and reflect on the postmodern mentality. By doing so, we can have a better understanding about the incomplete characteristics of postmodernism featured in the novel.
引文
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[13]新潮社《思考的人》季刊编辑部.村上春树口述.松家仁之探访.「〈1Q84〉之后~」特集:村上春树Long Interview长访谈[M].赖明珠、张明敏翻译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2011:26.
[14]尾崎真理子.通往《1Q84》的30年──村上春树访谈[J].译林, 2010(4):214.
[15]新潮社《思考的人》季刊编辑部.村上春树口述.松家仁之探访.「〈1Q84〉之后~」特集:村上春树Long Interview长访谈[M].赖明珠、张明敏翻译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2011:27.
[16]尾崎真理子.通往《1Q84》的30年──村上春树访谈[J].译林, 2010(4):214.
[17]新潮社《思考的人》季刊编辑部.村上春树口述.松家仁之探访.「〈1Q84〉之后~」特集:村上春树Long Interview长访谈[M].赖明珠、张明敏翻译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2011:26.
[18]村上春树.远方的大鼓声·下[M].赖明珠译.香港:博益出版集团有限公司,2001:195.
[2]村上春树.1Q84·Book1[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:9.
[3]村上春树.1Q84·Book1[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:102.
[4]尾崎真理子.通往《1Q84》的30年──村上春树访谈[J].译林, 2010(4):214.
[5]村上春树.1Q84·Book2[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:90.
[6]村上春树.1Q84·Book3[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:56.
[7]村上春树.1Q84·Book1[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:4.
[8]村上春树.1Q84·Book1[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:73.
[9]村上春树.兰格汉斯岛的午后[M].张致斌译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2002:81.
[10]村上春树.寻找漩涡猫的方法[M].赖明珠译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2007:117.
[11]村上春树.1Q84·Book2[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:144.
[12]村上春树.1Q84·Book2[M].施小炜译.海口:南海出版公司,2010:235.
[13]新潮社《思考的人》季刊编辑部.村上春树口述.松家仁之探访.「〈1Q84〉之后~」特集:村上春树Long Interview长访谈[M].赖明珠、张明敏翻译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2011:26.
[14]尾崎真理子.通往《1Q84》的30年──村上春树访谈[J].译林, 2010(4):214.
[15]新潮社《思考的人》季刊编辑部.村上春树口述.松家仁之探访.「〈1Q84〉之后~」特集:村上春树Long Interview长访谈[M].赖明珠、张明敏翻译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2011:27.
[16]尾崎真理子.通往《1Q84》的30年──村上春树访谈[J].译林, 2010(4):214.
[17]新潮社《思考的人》季刊编辑部.村上春树口述.松家仁之探访.「〈1Q84〉之后~」特集:村上春树Long Interview长访谈[M].赖明珠、张明敏翻译.台北:时报文化出版企业股份有限公司,2011:26.
[18]村上春树.远方的大鼓声·下[M].赖明珠译.香港:博益出版集团有限公司,2001:195.