新疆芦草沟组烃源岩显微组分及其孔隙发育特征
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摘要
对新疆二叠系芦草沟组的烃源岩,同时制备自然断面和氩离子抛光面,在场发射扫描电镜下,观测显微组分及其孔隙发育特征。结果表明,芦草沟组的显微组分按原始质料可划分为低等浮游生物和高等植物;主要显微组分是以低等浮游生物为原始质料的沥青质体。自然断面上沥青质体的赋存状态有条带状、薄膜状、交互状;抛光面上沥青质体的赋存状态有散块状、条带状、填隙状、封裹状等,这些赋存状态反映出了有机质与矿物质有交替沉积、充填胶结、化学分异等3种成因关系。沥青质体含量多,分布广,气孔发育,是重要的生烃组分。以高等植物为原始质料的角质体、丝质体、镜屑体等均以碎屑的形式掩埋于泥质中,粒度大于泥粒级颗粒。有些碎屑状显微组分虽有较强的生烃能力,但因总体上含量少,分布分散,对油气形成贡献不大;可另一方面,碎屑状显微组分提高了总有机碳含量。显微组分及其气孔发育程度是研究区烃源岩生烃潜力评价的两个重要指标。
By the field emission scanning electronic microscope(SEM),the maceral and pore-developed characteristics are observed on the natural section and polished surface in soure rocks of Permian Lucaogou formation in Xinjiang. The results show that,the maceral of Permian Lucaogou formation is classified as lower plankton and advanced plants from raw material. The maceral is mainly bituminite with lower plankton as raw material. The occurrence for bituminite on the natural section are identified as the banded,the filmy and the intergrowth,on polished surface are scattered patches,the banded,the interstitial,and the sealing in shape,and the occurrence provides three genetic relationships for organic and minerals,such as alternating depositing,filling and cementation,and chemical differentiation. The bituminite is significant hydrocarbon-derived composition,with high content,extensive,and developed gas pores. The cutinite,fusinite,and vitriniteclastics formed by advanced plants are buried in argillaceous by debris,and the grain sizes are larger than clay fraction particles. Although some of maceral clastics with high hydrocarbon generated capacity,generally withlow content and dispersive distribution,maceral clastics don't have too much contribution to oil and gas formation,despite increasing total organic carbon content. Maceral and gas pores are important index for hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation.
By the field emission scanning electronic microscope(SEM),the maceral and pore-developed characteristics are observed on the natural section and polished surface in soure rocks of Permian Lucaogou formation in Xinjiang. The results show that,the maceral of Permian Lucaogou formation is classified as lower plankton and advanced plants from raw material. The maceral is mainly bituminite with lower plankton as raw material. The occurrence for bituminite on the natural section are identified as the banded,the filmy and the intergrowth,on polished surface are scattered patches,the banded,the interstitial,and the sealing in shape,and the occurrence provides three genetic relationships for organic and minerals,such as alternating depositing,filling and cementation,and chemical differentiation. The bituminite is significant hydrocarbon-derived composition,with high content,extensive,and developed gas pores. The cutinite,fusinite,and vitriniteclastics formed by advanced plants are buried in argillaceous by debris,and the grain sizes are larger than clay fraction particles. Although some of maceral clastics with high hydrocarbon generated capacity,generally withlow content and dispersive distribution,maceral clastics don't have too much contribution to oil and gas formation,despite increasing total organic carbon content. Maceral and gas pores are important index for hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation.
引文
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[2]邵雨,杨勇强,万敏,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组沉积特征及沉积相演化[J].新疆石油地质,2015,36(6):635-641.
[3]王正和,丁邦春,闫剑飞,等.准南芦草沟组沉积特征及油气勘探前景[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2016,31(2):25-32.
[4]郭小波,黄志龙,柳波,等.马朗凹陷芦草沟组泥页岩储层微观孔隙特征及其地质意义[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2014,44(1):88-95.
[5]葸克来,操应长,朱如凯,等.吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组致密油储层岩石类型及特征[J].石油学报,2015,36(12):1495-1507.
[6]王作栋,陶明信,梁明亮,等.三塘湖盆地上二叠统芦草沟组烃源岩地球化学特征[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):975-982.
[7]JAVADPOUR F.Nanopores and apparent permeability of gas slow in mudrocks(shales and siltstones)[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology,2009,48(8):16-21.
[8]焦淑静,韩辉,翁庆萍,等.页岩孔隙结构扫描电镜分析方法研究[J].电子显微学报,2012,31(5):432-436.
[9]张慧,焦淑静,李贵红,等.非常规油气储层的扫描电镜研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2016.
[10]邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质[M].第2版.北京:地质出版社,2013.
[11]张慧,李小彦,郝琦,等.中国煤的扫描电子显微镜研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2003.
[12]樊馥,蔡进功,徐金鲤,等.泥质烃源岩不同有机显微组分的原始赋存态[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(3):434-439.
[13]涂建琪,陈建平,张大江,等.湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩有机显微组分分类及其岩石学特征——以酒西盆地为例[J].岩石学报,2012,28(3):917-926.
[14]孙鼐,彭亚鸣.火成岩石学[M].北京:地质出版社,1985.
[15]吴林钢,李秀生,郭小波,等.马朗凹陷芦草沟组页岩油储层成岩演化与溶蚀孔隙形成机制[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(3):38-43.
[16]张永刚,蔡进功,许卫平,等.泥质烃源岩中有机质富集机制[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2007.
[17]陈建平,黄第藩.烃源岩中矿物沥青基质成烃潜力探讨[J].地球科学,1997,26(6):18-24.
[18]张慧,焦淑静,庞起发,等.中国南方早古生代页岩有机质的扫描电镜研究[J].石油与天然气地质,2015,36(4):675-680.
[19]张明震,吉利明,杜宝霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组陆相烃源岩中角质体组分新认识及生烃贡献[J].石油学报,2017,38(5):525-532.
[20]LOUCKS R G,REED R M,RUPPEL S C,et al.Spectrum of pore types and network in mudrocks and a descriptive classification for matrix-related mudrockpores[J].AAPG Bulletin,2012,96(6):1071-1098.
[21]马勇,钟宁宁,程礼军,等.渝东南两套富有机质页岩的孔隙结构特征——来向FIB—SEM的新启示[J].石油石验地质,2015,37(1):109-116.