晋中市土壤养分空间分布与影响因子的相关性
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摘要
土壤养分是土壤肥力的基础,掌握其含量及分布特征对科学施肥具有重要意义。为此,运用Arc GIS技术与相关分析,研究了山西省晋中市主要土壤养分的空间分布规律,及其与海拔、用地类型间的关系。结果表明:(1)晋中市p H值平均为7.97,土壤整体呈碱性;土壤养分含量在不同的区县中差异较大。(2)研究区表层土壤SOM、TN、TP和TK平均含量分别是1.42%、0.08%、0.07%、1.97%,依据国家土壤第二次普查的养分分级标准,晋中市的表层土壤SOM、TN、TP含量偏低,平均水平分别为四级、四级、五级,而TK含量较高,平均水平为三级。(3)随着海拔的增高,土壤SOM平均含量呈先增加后减少的趋势,TN平均含量明显增加,而土壤TP和TK的平均含量变化趋势不明显。(4)用地类型与土壤养分的相关性分析表明,海拔733—1500 m范围内,耕地的SOM、TN、TP平均含量均明显高于林地、未利用地和自然保护区,而TK平均含量明显低于其他用地类型;在海拔高于1500 m的耕地中SOM、TN、TP平均含量均低于其他用地类型。在样点全部覆盖的海拔范围内,海拔与TN含量呈极显著正相关,与SOM、TP和TK的相关性未达显著水平。
Soil nutrients are the foundation of soil fertility,and it is of great significance in the science of fertilization to master soil nutrient content and distribution characteristics. Therefore,we used Arc GIS technology and correlation analysis to evaluate the spatial distribution rule of the primary soil nutrients in Jinzhong city,Shanxi Province,and its relationship with the type of land. The results showed the following:(1) The mean pH of Jinzhong city soil was 7.97,and all of the soil was alkaline; the nutrient contents of soil varied greatly across counties.(2) The average contents of SOM,TN,TP,and TK in the study area were1. 42%,0. 08%,0. 07%,and 1. 97%,respectively. According to the second national soil survey of nutrient classification standards,the surface soil SOM,TN,and TP contents in Jinzhong were low,and the average levels were level four,level four,and level five respectively; however,the TK content was high with an average of level three.(3) With an increase in altitude,the average content of soil SOM increased first and then decreased,the average content of TN significantly increased,and there were no obvious trends in the changes of soil TP or TK.( 4) Land-use type and soil nutrient correlation analysis showed that at altitudes of 733—1500 m,SOM,TN,and TP contents were significantly higher than their averages in unused cultivated land and nature reserves,and average TK content was significantly lower than that in other land-use types; the average contents of SOM,TN,and TP in the cultivated land above 1500 m were lower than those of other land types. Within the elevation range covered by the sample points,elevation was significantly correlated with TN content,but the correlations between elevation and SOM,TP,and TK were not significant.
Soil nutrients are the foundation of soil fertility,and it is of great significance in the science of fertilization to master soil nutrient content and distribution characteristics. Therefore,we used Arc GIS technology and correlation analysis to evaluate the spatial distribution rule of the primary soil nutrients in Jinzhong city,Shanxi Province,and its relationship with the type of land. The results showed the following:(1) The mean pH of Jinzhong city soil was 7.97,and all of the soil was alkaline; the nutrient contents of soil varied greatly across counties.(2) The average contents of SOM,TN,TP,and TK in the study area were1. 42%,0. 08%,0. 07%,and 1. 97%,respectively. According to the second national soil survey of nutrient classification standards,the surface soil SOM,TN,and TP contents in Jinzhong were low,and the average levels were level four,level four,and level five respectively; however,the TK content was high with an average of level three.(3) With an increase in altitude,the average content of soil SOM increased first and then decreased,the average content of TN significantly increased,and there were no obvious trends in the changes of soil TP or TK.( 4) Land-use type and soil nutrient correlation analysis showed that at altitudes of 733—1500 m,SOM,TN,and TP contents were significantly higher than their averages in unused cultivated land and nature reserves,and average TK content was significantly lower than that in other land-use types; the average contents of SOM,TN,and TP in the cultivated land above 1500 m were lower than those of other land types. Within the elevation range covered by the sample points,elevation was significantly correlated with TN content,but the correlations between elevation and SOM,TP,and TK were not significant.
引文
[1]宋轩,李立东,寇长林,陈杰.黄水河小流域土壤养分分布及其与地形的关系.应用生态学报,2011,22(12):3163-3168.
[2]关树森.黔南土壤三要素富缺的成因.贵州农业科学,1985,(1):45-48.
[3]张伟,刘淑娟,叶莹莹,陈洪松,王克林,韦国富.典型喀斯特林地土壤养分空间变异的影响因素.农业工程学报,2013,29(1):93-101.
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[5]金继运.“精准农业”及其在我国的应用前景.植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(1):1-7.
[6]郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,陈利顶,杨福林.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以河北省遵化市为例.应用生态学报,2000,11(4):557-563.
[7]谢花林,李波,刘黎明,张新时.基于空间统计学和GIS的农牧交错带土壤养分空间特征分析---以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例.水土保持学报,2006,2(2):73-76.
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[9]张伟,陈洪松,王克林,苏以荣,张继光,易爱军.喀斯特峰丛洼地土壤养分空间分异特征及影响因子分析.中国农业科学,2006,39(9):1828-1835.
[10]王宗明,张柏,宋开山,刘殿伟,李建平,黄健,张慧琳.东北平原典型农业县农田土壤养分空间分布影响因素分析.水土保持学报,2007,21(2):73-77.
[11]程红艳,谢英荷,冯两蕊,白中科,樊文华.晋中市主要果品生产基地土壤环境质量评价分级.山西农业大学学报,2004,(2):139-142.
[12]刘耀宗,张经元.山西土壤.北京:科学出版社,1992:320-329.
[13]袁志杰.基于ATI模型和TVDI模型的晋中土壤水分遥感反演研究[D].太原:山西农业大学,2015.
[14]胡霭堂.植物营养学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1995,48-53.
[15]张永清,苗果园.生土施肥对黍子根系生长及生理生态效应的影响.水土保持学报,2006,20(3):158-161,169-169.
[16]刘建玲,张福锁,杨奋翮.北方耕地和蔬菜保护地土壤磷素状况研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):179-186.
[17]谭德水,金继运,黄绍文,高伟.长期施钾与秸秆还田对华北潮土和褐土区作物产量及土壤钾素的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):106-112.
[18]Kering M K,Butler T J,Biermacher J T,et al.Effect of potassiumand nitrogen fertilizer on switchgrass productivity andnutrient removal rates under two harvest systems on a low potassiumsoil.Bioenergy Research,2013,6(1):329-335.
[19]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤普查技术.北京:农业出版社,1992.
[20]马维伟,王辉,王跃思,王蕙,赵赫然.甘南尕海草甸湿地不同海拔高度土壤性状研究.草地学报,2012,20(6):1044-1050.
[21]丁咸庆,马慧静,朱晓龙,侯红波,彭佩钦,彭红东.大围山不同海拔森林土壤有机碳垂直分布特征.水土保持学报,2015,29(2):258-262.
[22]武小钢,郭晋平,田旭平,杨秀云.芦芽山土壤有机碳和全氮沿海拔梯度变化规律.生态环境学报,2014,23(1):50-57.
[23]曾希柏,白玲玉,李莲芳,苏世鸣.山东寿光不同利用方式下农田土壤有机质和氮磷钾状况及其变化.生态学报,2009,29(7):3737-3746.
[24]张巧明,王得祥,龚明贵,张丽楠.秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔森林土壤理化性质.水土保持学报,2011,25(5):69-73.
[25]杨秋香,牛赟,敬文茂.祁连山东段哈溪林区不同海拔高度青海云杉林土壤全磷和全钾分布特征.防护林科技,2015,(9):14-17.
[26]唐建,赵庚星.局地土地利用方式及坡度对土壤有机质含量的影响.江苏农业科学,2011,39(4):462-465.
[27]徐鹏,江长胜,郝庆菊,祝滔.缙云山土地利用方式对土壤活性有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响.环境科学,2013,34(10):4009-4016.
[28]王舒,马岚,高甲荣,杨帆,张栋,梁香寒.晋西黄土区土地利用方式对土层有机质变异的影响.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(5):81-86.
[29]李新爱,肖和艾,吴金水,苏以荣,黄道友,黄敏,刘守龙,彭洪翠.喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳、全氮以及微生物生物量碳和氮的影响.应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1827-1831.
[30]陈志超,杨小林,刘昌华.万安流域不同土地利用类型土壤全磷时空分异特征.土壤通报,2014,45(4):857-862.
[31]杨子文.寿阳县蔬菜产业化开发的实践和探索[D].太原:山西农业大学,2014.
[32]李瑞鹏.和顺县核桃产业提质增效问题探讨.防护林科技,2016,(12):90-91.
[33]王晋敏.祁县现代农业发展研究[D].太原:山西农业大学,2015.
[2]关树森.黔南土壤三要素富缺的成因.贵州农业科学,1985,(1):45-48.
[3]张伟,刘淑娟,叶莹莹,陈洪松,王克林,韦国富.典型喀斯特林地土壤养分空间变异的影响因素.农业工程学报,2013,29(1):93-101.
[4]Campbell J B.Spatial variation of sand content and p H within singlecontiguous delineations of two soil mapping units.Soil Science Society of America Journal,1978,42(3):460-464.
[5]金继运.“精准农业”及其在我国的应用前景.植物营养与肥料学报,1998,4(1):1-7.
[6]郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,陈利顶,杨福林.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究:以河北省遵化市为例.应用生态学报,2000,11(4):557-563.
[7]谢花林,李波,刘黎明,张新时.基于空间统计学和GIS的农牧交错带土壤养分空间特征分析---以内蒙古翁牛特旗为例.水土保持学报,2006,2(2):73-76.
[8]余新晓,张振明,朱建刚.八达岭森林土壤养分空间变异性研究.土壤学报,2009,46(5):959-964.
[9]张伟,陈洪松,王克林,苏以荣,张继光,易爱军.喀斯特峰丛洼地土壤养分空间分异特征及影响因子分析.中国农业科学,2006,39(9):1828-1835.
[10]王宗明,张柏,宋开山,刘殿伟,李建平,黄健,张慧琳.东北平原典型农业县农田土壤养分空间分布影响因素分析.水土保持学报,2007,21(2):73-77.
[11]程红艳,谢英荷,冯两蕊,白中科,樊文华.晋中市主要果品生产基地土壤环境质量评价分级.山西农业大学学报,2004,(2):139-142.
[12]刘耀宗,张经元.山西土壤.北京:科学出版社,1992:320-329.
[13]袁志杰.基于ATI模型和TVDI模型的晋中土壤水分遥感反演研究[D].太原:山西农业大学,2015.
[14]胡霭堂.植物营养学.北京:中国农业大学出版社,1995,48-53.
[15]张永清,苗果园.生土施肥对黍子根系生长及生理生态效应的影响.水土保持学报,2006,20(3):158-161,169-169.
[16]刘建玲,张福锁,杨奋翮.北方耕地和蔬菜保护地土壤磷素状况研究.植物营养与肥料学报,2000,6(2):179-186.
[17]谭德水,金继运,黄绍文,高伟.长期施钾与秸秆还田对华北潮土和褐土区作物产量及土壤钾素的影响.植物营养与肥料学报,2008,14(1):106-112.
[18]Kering M K,Butler T J,Biermacher J T,et al.Effect of potassiumand nitrogen fertilizer on switchgrass productivity andnutrient removal rates under two harvest systems on a low potassiumsoil.Bioenergy Research,2013,6(1):329-335.
[19]全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤普查技术.北京:农业出版社,1992.
[20]马维伟,王辉,王跃思,王蕙,赵赫然.甘南尕海草甸湿地不同海拔高度土壤性状研究.草地学报,2012,20(6):1044-1050.
[21]丁咸庆,马慧静,朱晓龙,侯红波,彭佩钦,彭红东.大围山不同海拔森林土壤有机碳垂直分布特征.水土保持学报,2015,29(2):258-262.
[22]武小钢,郭晋平,田旭平,杨秀云.芦芽山土壤有机碳和全氮沿海拔梯度变化规律.生态环境学报,2014,23(1):50-57.
[23]曾希柏,白玲玉,李莲芳,苏世鸣.山东寿光不同利用方式下农田土壤有机质和氮磷钾状况及其变化.生态学报,2009,29(7):3737-3746.
[24]张巧明,王得祥,龚明贵,张丽楠.秦岭火地塘林区不同海拔森林土壤理化性质.水土保持学报,2011,25(5):69-73.
[25]杨秋香,牛赟,敬文茂.祁连山东段哈溪林区不同海拔高度青海云杉林土壤全磷和全钾分布特征.防护林科技,2015,(9):14-17.
[26]唐建,赵庚星.局地土地利用方式及坡度对土壤有机质含量的影响.江苏农业科学,2011,39(4):462-465.
[27]徐鹏,江长胜,郝庆菊,祝滔.缙云山土地利用方式对土壤活性有机质及其碳库管理指数的影响.环境科学,2013,34(10):4009-4016.
[28]王舒,马岚,高甲荣,杨帆,张栋,梁香寒.晋西黄土区土地利用方式对土层有机质变异的影响.南京林业大学学报:自然科学版,2016,40(5):81-86.
[29]李新爱,肖和艾,吴金水,苏以荣,黄道友,黄敏,刘守龙,彭洪翠.喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式对土壤有机碳、全氮以及微生物生物量碳和氮的影响.应用生态学报,2006,17(10):1827-1831.
[30]陈志超,杨小林,刘昌华.万安流域不同土地利用类型土壤全磷时空分异特征.土壤通报,2014,45(4):857-862.
[31]杨子文.寿阳县蔬菜产业化开发的实践和探索[D].太原:山西农业大学,2014.
[32]李瑞鹏.和顺县核桃产业提质增效问题探讨.防护林科技,2016,(12):90-91.
[33]王晋敏.祁县现代农业发展研究[D].太原:山西农业大学,2015.