施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对东北粳稻稻米品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】探讨不同灌溉方式和氮肥对水稻品质的影响及其互作效应。【方法】以常规粳稻沈稻47和杂交粳稻粳优586为材料,进行防雨棚盆栽试验,设置浅水层灌溉、浅湿灌溉、轻干湿交替灌溉和重干湿交替灌溉4种灌溉方式及正常施氮(normal nitrogen, NN, 180 kg/hm~2)和高氮(high nitrogen, HN, 220 kg/hm~2)2种氮肥水平,研究不同肥水处理对稻米品质的影响。【结果】灌溉方式和施氮量对稻米品质有明显的互作效应,在正常施氮和高氮水平下,稻米的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质均以轻干湿交替灌溉为佳。正常施氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉下稻米的整精米率、胶稠度、最高黏度和崩解值低于浅水层灌溉,而其垩白度、垩白粒率、直链淀粉含量及消减值却高于浅水层灌溉。高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉处理的加工品质、外观品质、营养品质和蒸煮食味品质优于浅水层灌溉,但二者间差异不显著。灌溉方式对氨基酸的影响因施氮量和品种的不同而存在差异。常规施氮水平下,轻干湿交替灌溉显著提高了稻米的总氨基酸含量;高氮水平下,重干湿交替灌溉显著提高了沈稻47的氨基酸总量,而粳优586总氨基酸含量则在轻干湿交替灌溉处理下取得较高值,必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量与总氨基酸含量趋势一致。【结论】轻干湿交替灌溉方式可以改善稻米品质。在本研究条件下,沈稻47和粳优586分别以轻干湿交替灌溉和施氮量为180 kg/hm~2和施氮量为220 kg/hm~2时,米质较好。
【Objective】The objective of this study is to elucidate the effects of nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes and their interactions on grain quality of rice. 【Method】Two rice cultivars, Shendao 47(an inbred japonica cultivar) and Jingyou 586(a hybrid japonica combination), were grown in pots. Four irrigation regimes, continuous flooded(CF),shallow-wet irrigation(SWI), alternate wetting and moderate drying(WMD) and alternate wetting and severe drying(WSD), and two nitrogen(N) rates, normal amount of N(NN, 180 kg/hm~2), and high amount of N(HN, 220 kg/hm~2),were designed during the whole growing season. 【Result】The interactions between N rates and irrigation regimes significantly affected grain quality of rice. The milling quality, appearance quality, nutrition quality and cooking and eating quality were better under WMD regime regardless of N rate. Under the NN treatment, the WSD regime decreased head rice rate, gel consistency, the peak viscosity and breakdown but increased the percentage of chalky grain and chalkiness, amylose content and setback as compared with the CF regime. Under the HN treatment, the grain quality of rice was slightly better under the WSD regime than under the CF regime, however, the differences in grain quality between the two irrigation regimes were not significant. The effects of irrigation regimes on total amino acid concentrations varied with N rates and cultivars. Under the NN rate, the WMD regime increased the total amino acid concentrations of both rice cultivars; under the HN rate, the WSD regime significantly increased the total amino acid concentrations of Shendao 47, while Jingyou 586 had higher total amino acid concentrations, and the concentrations of essential and non-essential amino acids followed the same trend as those of total amino acids. 【Conclusion】The WMD improved grain quality of the rice cultivars. To achieve high rice quality, the combinations between WMD and NN, and between WMD and HN were recommended for inbred rice Shendao 47 and hybrid rice Jingyou 586, respectively.
【Objective】The objective of this study is to elucidate the effects of nitrogen rates and irrigation regimes and their interactions on grain quality of rice. 【Method】Two rice cultivars, Shendao 47(an inbred japonica cultivar) and Jingyou 586(a hybrid japonica combination), were grown in pots. Four irrigation regimes, continuous flooded(CF),shallow-wet irrigation(SWI), alternate wetting and moderate drying(WMD) and alternate wetting and severe drying(WSD), and two nitrogen(N) rates, normal amount of N(NN, 180 kg/hm~2), and high amount of N(HN, 220 kg/hm~2),were designed during the whole growing season. 【Result】The interactions between N rates and irrigation regimes significantly affected grain quality of rice. The milling quality, appearance quality, nutrition quality and cooking and eating quality were better under WMD regime regardless of N rate. Under the NN treatment, the WSD regime decreased head rice rate, gel consistency, the peak viscosity and breakdown but increased the percentage of chalky grain and chalkiness, amylose content and setback as compared with the CF regime. Under the HN treatment, the grain quality of rice was slightly better under the WSD regime than under the CF regime, however, the differences in grain quality between the two irrigation regimes were not significant. The effects of irrigation regimes on total amino acid concentrations varied with N rates and cultivars. Under the NN rate, the WMD regime increased the total amino acid concentrations of both rice cultivars; under the HN rate, the WSD regime significantly increased the total amino acid concentrations of Shendao 47, while Jingyou 586 had higher total amino acid concentrations, and the concentrations of essential and non-essential amino acids followed the same trend as those of total amino acids. 【Conclusion】The WMD improved grain quality of the rice cultivars. To achieve high rice quality, the combinations between WMD and NN, and between WMD and HN were recommended for inbred rice Shendao 47 and hybrid rice Jingyou 586, respectively.
引文
[1]Zhang Z C,Zhang S F,Yang J C,Zhang,J H.Yield,grain quality and water use efficiency of rice under non-flooded mulching cultivation.Field Crops Res,2008,108(1):71-81.
[2]贺帆,黄见良,崔克辉,曾建敏,徐波,彭少兵,Buresh R J.实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响.中国农业科学,2007,40(1):123-132.He F,Huang J L,Cui K H,Zeng J M,Xu B,Peng S B,Buresh R J.Effect of real-time and site-specific nitrogen management on rice yield and quality.Sci Agric Sin,2007,40(1):123-132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Zhu D W,Zhang H C,Guo B W,Xu K,Dai Q G,Wei CX,Zhou G S,Huo Z Y.Effects of nitrogen level on structure and physicochemical properties of rice starch.Food Hydroc,2017,65:525-532.
[4]Zheng J L,Chen T T,Wu Q,Yu J M,Chen W,Chen Y L,Siddique K.H.M.,Meng W Z,Chi D C,Xia G M.Effect of zeolite application on phenology,grain yield and grain quality in rice under water stress.Agri Water Manag,2018,206:241-251.
[5]刘凯,张耗,张慎凤,王志琴,杨建昌.结实期土壤水分和灌溉方式对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理原因.作物学报,2008,34(2):268-276.Liu K,Zhang H,Zhang S F,Wang Z Q,Yang J C.Effects of soil moisture and irrigation patterns during grain filling on grain yield and quality of rice and their physiological mechanism.Acta Agron Sin,2008,34(2):268-276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]郭晓红,郑桂萍,殷大伟,张淼淼,赵洋,吕艳东.抽穗前水分供应对寒地水稻品质的影响.水土保持通报,2012,32(2):40-46.Guo X H,Zheng G P,Yin D W,Zhang M M,Zhao Y,Lv Y D.Effects of before-heading water supply on quality of rice in cold regions.Bull Soil Water Conser,2012,32(2):40-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]蔡一霞,王维,朱庆森.水分胁迫对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响.植物生态学报,2007,31(3):536-543.Cai Y X,Wang W,Zhu Q S.Effects of water stress on nutrient quality and accumulation of protein in rice grains.J Plant Ecol,2007,31(3):536-543.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Toristuka S.Improvement of the rice grain quality in Koshihikari by deep flood-irrigation at the tilling stage along with the combination of fish product.http://www.pref.shiga.lg.jp/g/nogyo/k_seika/23/files/07.pdf.(in Japanese)
[9]Hayashi M,Sugiura K,Kuno C,Endo I,Tanaka Y,Yamauchi A.Reduction of rice chalky grain by deep and permanent irrigation method;effect on growth and grain quality of rice.Plant Prod Sci,2011,14:282-290.
[10]Chiba M,Terao T,Watanabe H,Matsumura O,Takahashi Y.Improvement in rice grain quality by deep-flood irrigation and its underlying mechanisms.Jpn Agric Res Qual,2017,51(2):107-116.
[11]高辉,马群,李国业,杨雄,李雪侨,殷春渊,李敏,张庆,张洪程,戴其根,魏海燕.氮肥水平对不同生育类型粳稻稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响.中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4543-4552.Gao H,Ma Q,Li G Y,Yang X,Li X Q,Yin C Y,Li M,Zhang Q,Zhang H C,Dai Q G,Wei H Y.Effect of nitrogen application rate on cooking and eating qualities of different growth-development types of japonica rice.Sci Agric Sin,2010,43(21):4543-4552.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Gu J F,Chen J,Chen L,Wang Z Q,Zhang H,Yang J C.Grain quality changes and responses to nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars released in the Yangtze River Basin from the 1950s to 2000s.Crop J,2015,2015,3(4):285-297.
[13]Leesawatwong M.,Jamjod S.,Kuo J.,Dell B.,Rerkasem B.Nitrogen fertilizer increases seed protein and milling quality of rice.Cereal Chem,2005,82(5):588-593.
[14]徐春梅,王丹英,邵国胜,章秀福.施氮量和移栽密度对超高产水稻中早22产量和品质的影响.中国水稻科学,2008,22(5):507-512.Xu C M,Wang D Y,Shao G S,Zhang X F.Effects of transplanting density and nitrogen fertilizer rate on yield formation and grain quality of super high yielding rice Zhongzao 22.Chin J Rice Sci,2008,22(5):507-512.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]张自常,李鸿伟,曹转勤,王志琴,杨建昌.施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响.作物学报,2013,39(1):84-92.Zhang Z C,Li H W,Cao Z Q,Wang Z Q,Yang J C.Effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and irrigation regime on grain yield and quality of rice.Acta Agron Sin,2013,39(1):84-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]蔡一霞,王维,朱智伟,张祖建,郎有忠,朱庆森.结实期水分胁迫对不同氮肥水平下水稻产量及其品质的影响.应用生态学报,2006,17(7):1201-1206.Cai Y X,Wang W,Zhu Z W,Zhang Z J,Lang Y Z,Zhu QS.Effects of water stress during grain filling period on rice grain yield and its quality under different nitrogen levels.Chin J Appl Ecol,2006,17(7):1201-1206.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李国生,王志琴,袁莉民,刘立军,杨建昌.结实期土壤水分和氮素营养对水稻产量和品质的交互影响.中国水稻科学,2008,22(2):161-166.Li G S,Wang Z Q,Yuan L M,Liu L J,Yang J C.Coupling effects of soil moisture and nitrogen nutrient during grain filling on grain yield and quality of rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2008,22(2):161-166.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Yuan L,Zhang Z C,Cao X C,Zhu S C,Zhang X,Wu LH.Responses of rice production,milled rice quality and soil properties to various nitrogen inputs and rice straw incorporation under continuous plastic film mulching cultivation.Field Crops Res,2014,155:164-171.
[19]宁慧峰,崔嘉欣,刘浩,孙景生.灌溉方式和施氮量对水稻产量和品质的影响.灌溉排水学报,2017,36(12):1-7.Ning H F,Cui J X,Liu H,Sun J S.Effects of irrigation patterns and nitrogen rate on grain yield and quality of rice.J Irrig Drain,2017,36(12):1-7.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Wakamatsu K,Sasaki O,Uezono I,Tanaka A.Effects of the amount of nitrogen application on occurrence of white-back kernels during ripening of rice under high-temperature conditions.Jpn J Crop Sci,2008,77:424-433.
[21]蔡一霞,王维,朱庆森.水分胁迫对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响.植物生态学报,2007,31(3):536-543.Cai Y X,Wang W,Zhu Q S.Effects of water stress on nutrient quality and accumulation of protein in rice grains.J Plant Ecol,2007,31(3):536-543.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Yang J C,Zhang J H,Wang Z Q,Zhu Q S,Liu L J.Activities of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch metabolism in rice grains subjected to water stress during filling.Field Crops Res,2003,81:69-81.
[23]Balindong J L,Ward R M,Liu L,Rose T J,Pallas L A,Ovenden B W,Snell P J,Waters D L E.Rice grain protein composition influences instrumental measures of rice cooking and eating quality.J Cereal Sci,2018,79:35-42.
[24]Martin M,Fitzgerald M A.Proteins in rice grains influence cooking properties.J Cereal Sci,2002,36:285-294.
[25]Zhou C C,Huang Y C,Jia B Y,Wang Y,Wang Y,Xu Q,Li R F,Wang S,Dou F G.Effects of cultivar,nitrogen rate,and planting density on grain quality of rice.Agronomy-Basel,2018,8(11):246.
[26]舒庆尧,吴殿星,夏英武,高明尉,Anna McClung.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与食用品质的关系.中国农业科学,1998,31(3):25-29.Shu Q Y,Wu D X,Xia Y W,Gao M W,McClung A.The relationship between RVA profile character rice starch and eating quality in Oryza sativa L.Sci Agric Sin,1998,31(3):25-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]寇洪萍,王伯伦,王术,吕军,张城.不同氮素水平下水分处理对北方粳稻蒸煮品质的影响.吉林农业大学学报,2003,25(5):481-484.Kou H P,Wang B L,Wang S,Lv J,Zhang C.Effect of different irrigation treatments at different N levels on cooking qualities of northern rice.J Jilin Agric Univ,2003,25(5):481-484.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Pan S G,Cao C G,Cai M L,Wang J P,Wang R H,Zhai J,Huang S Q.Effects of irrigation regime and nitrogen management on grain yield,quality and water productivity in rice.J Food Agric Environ,2009,7(2):559-564.
[29]Yang J C,Zhang J H,Wang Z Q,Zhu Q S,Liu L J.Activities of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch metabolism in rice grains subjected to water stress during filling.Field Crops Res,2003,81:69-81.
[2]贺帆,黄见良,崔克辉,曾建敏,徐波,彭少兵,Buresh R J.实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响.中国农业科学,2007,40(1):123-132.He F,Huang J L,Cui K H,Zeng J M,Xu B,Peng S B,Buresh R J.Effect of real-time and site-specific nitrogen management on rice yield and quality.Sci Agric Sin,2007,40(1):123-132.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]Zhu D W,Zhang H C,Guo B W,Xu K,Dai Q G,Wei CX,Zhou G S,Huo Z Y.Effects of nitrogen level on structure and physicochemical properties of rice starch.Food Hydroc,2017,65:525-532.
[4]Zheng J L,Chen T T,Wu Q,Yu J M,Chen W,Chen Y L,Siddique K.H.M.,Meng W Z,Chi D C,Xia G M.Effect of zeolite application on phenology,grain yield and grain quality in rice under water stress.Agri Water Manag,2018,206:241-251.
[5]刘凯,张耗,张慎凤,王志琴,杨建昌.结实期土壤水分和灌溉方式对水稻产量与品质的影响及其生理原因.作物学报,2008,34(2):268-276.Liu K,Zhang H,Zhang S F,Wang Z Q,Yang J C.Effects of soil moisture and irrigation patterns during grain filling on grain yield and quality of rice and their physiological mechanism.Acta Agron Sin,2008,34(2):268-276.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]郭晓红,郑桂萍,殷大伟,张淼淼,赵洋,吕艳东.抽穗前水分供应对寒地水稻品质的影响.水土保持通报,2012,32(2):40-46.Guo X H,Zheng G P,Yin D W,Zhang M M,Zhao Y,Lv Y D.Effects of before-heading water supply on quality of rice in cold regions.Bull Soil Water Conser,2012,32(2):40-46.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]蔡一霞,王维,朱庆森.水分胁迫对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响.植物生态学报,2007,31(3):536-543.Cai Y X,Wang W,Zhu Q S.Effects of water stress on nutrient quality and accumulation of protein in rice grains.J Plant Ecol,2007,31(3):536-543.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[8]Toristuka S.Improvement of the rice grain quality in Koshihikari by deep flood-irrigation at the tilling stage along with the combination of fish product.http://www.pref.shiga.lg.jp/g/nogyo/k_seika/23/files/07.pdf.(in Japanese)
[9]Hayashi M,Sugiura K,Kuno C,Endo I,Tanaka Y,Yamauchi A.Reduction of rice chalky grain by deep and permanent irrigation method;effect on growth and grain quality of rice.Plant Prod Sci,2011,14:282-290.
[10]Chiba M,Terao T,Watanabe H,Matsumura O,Takahashi Y.Improvement in rice grain quality by deep-flood irrigation and its underlying mechanisms.Jpn Agric Res Qual,2017,51(2):107-116.
[11]高辉,马群,李国业,杨雄,李雪侨,殷春渊,李敏,张庆,张洪程,戴其根,魏海燕.氮肥水平对不同生育类型粳稻稻米蒸煮食味品质的影响.中国农业科学,2010,43(21):4543-4552.Gao H,Ma Q,Li G Y,Yang X,Li X Q,Yin C Y,Li M,Zhang Q,Zhang H C,Dai Q G,Wei H Y.Effect of nitrogen application rate on cooking and eating qualities of different growth-development types of japonica rice.Sci Agric Sin,2010,43(21):4543-4552.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]Gu J F,Chen J,Chen L,Wang Z Q,Zhang H,Yang J C.Grain quality changes and responses to nitrogen fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars released in the Yangtze River Basin from the 1950s to 2000s.Crop J,2015,2015,3(4):285-297.
[13]Leesawatwong M.,Jamjod S.,Kuo J.,Dell B.,Rerkasem B.Nitrogen fertilizer increases seed protein and milling quality of rice.Cereal Chem,2005,82(5):588-593.
[14]徐春梅,王丹英,邵国胜,章秀福.施氮量和移栽密度对超高产水稻中早22产量和品质的影响.中国水稻科学,2008,22(5):507-512.Xu C M,Wang D Y,Shao G S,Zhang X F.Effects of transplanting density and nitrogen fertilizer rate on yield formation and grain quality of super high yielding rice Zhongzao 22.Chin J Rice Sci,2008,22(5):507-512.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]张自常,李鸿伟,曹转勤,王志琴,杨建昌.施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响.作物学报,2013,39(1):84-92.Zhang Z C,Li H W,Cao Z Q,Wang Z Q,Yang J C.Effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and irrigation regime on grain yield and quality of rice.Acta Agron Sin,2013,39(1):84-92.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]蔡一霞,王维,朱智伟,张祖建,郎有忠,朱庆森.结实期水分胁迫对不同氮肥水平下水稻产量及其品质的影响.应用生态学报,2006,17(7):1201-1206.Cai Y X,Wang W,Zhu Z W,Zhang Z J,Lang Y Z,Zhu QS.Effects of water stress during grain filling period on rice grain yield and its quality under different nitrogen levels.Chin J Appl Ecol,2006,17(7):1201-1206.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]李国生,王志琴,袁莉民,刘立军,杨建昌.结实期土壤水分和氮素营养对水稻产量和品质的交互影响.中国水稻科学,2008,22(2):161-166.Li G S,Wang Z Q,Yuan L M,Liu L J,Yang J C.Coupling effects of soil moisture and nitrogen nutrient during grain filling on grain yield and quality of rice.Chin J Rice Sci,2008,22(2):161-166.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]Yuan L,Zhang Z C,Cao X C,Zhu S C,Zhang X,Wu LH.Responses of rice production,milled rice quality and soil properties to various nitrogen inputs and rice straw incorporation under continuous plastic film mulching cultivation.Field Crops Res,2014,155:164-171.
[19]宁慧峰,崔嘉欣,刘浩,孙景生.灌溉方式和施氮量对水稻产量和品质的影响.灌溉排水学报,2017,36(12):1-7.Ning H F,Cui J X,Liu H,Sun J S.Effects of irrigation patterns and nitrogen rate on grain yield and quality of rice.J Irrig Drain,2017,36(12):1-7.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[20]Wakamatsu K,Sasaki O,Uezono I,Tanaka A.Effects of the amount of nitrogen application on occurrence of white-back kernels during ripening of rice under high-temperature conditions.Jpn J Crop Sci,2008,77:424-433.
[21]蔡一霞,王维,朱庆森.水分胁迫对水稻籽粒蛋白质积累及营养品质的影响.植物生态学报,2007,31(3):536-543.Cai Y X,Wang W,Zhu Q S.Effects of water stress on nutrient quality and accumulation of protein in rice grains.J Plant Ecol,2007,31(3):536-543.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]Yang J C,Zhang J H,Wang Z Q,Zhu Q S,Liu L J.Activities of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch metabolism in rice grains subjected to water stress during filling.Field Crops Res,2003,81:69-81.
[23]Balindong J L,Ward R M,Liu L,Rose T J,Pallas L A,Ovenden B W,Snell P J,Waters D L E.Rice grain protein composition influences instrumental measures of rice cooking and eating quality.J Cereal Sci,2018,79:35-42.
[24]Martin M,Fitzgerald M A.Proteins in rice grains influence cooking properties.J Cereal Sci,2002,36:285-294.
[25]Zhou C C,Huang Y C,Jia B Y,Wang Y,Wang Y,Xu Q,Li R F,Wang S,Dou F G.Effects of cultivar,nitrogen rate,and planting density on grain quality of rice.Agronomy-Basel,2018,8(11):246.
[26]舒庆尧,吴殿星,夏英武,高明尉,Anna McClung.稻米淀粉RVA谱特征与食用品质的关系.中国农业科学,1998,31(3):25-29.Shu Q Y,Wu D X,Xia Y W,Gao M W,McClung A.The relationship between RVA profile character rice starch and eating quality in Oryza sativa L.Sci Agric Sin,1998,31(3):25-29.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]寇洪萍,王伯伦,王术,吕军,张城.不同氮素水平下水分处理对北方粳稻蒸煮品质的影响.吉林农业大学学报,2003,25(5):481-484.Kou H P,Wang B L,Wang S,Lv J,Zhang C.Effect of different irrigation treatments at different N levels on cooking qualities of northern rice.J Jilin Agric Univ,2003,25(5):481-484.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[28]Pan S G,Cao C G,Cai M L,Wang J P,Wang R H,Zhai J,Huang S Q.Effects of irrigation regime and nitrogen management on grain yield,quality and water productivity in rice.J Food Agric Environ,2009,7(2):559-564.
[29]Yang J C,Zhang J H,Wang Z Q,Zhu Q S,Liu L J.Activities of enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch metabolism in rice grains subjected to water stress during filling.Field Crops Res,2003,81:69-81.