基于一维水动力学的水位流量关系研究
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摘要
针对传统方法研究水位—流量关系时忽略了河道洪水涨落、水流不稳定性等因素的影响,基于天然河道一维水动力学方程—圣维南方程及曼宁公式,提出稳定流比降与附加比降的计算方法,建立洪水涨落情况下的水位流量关系理论计算公式;针对该方法最大流量与最高水位重合的问题,采用相应校正方法提高了洪峰流量的计算精度,最后以西江流域梧州站为例,验证了该方法的合理性。结论表明,该方法能够准确推求洪水涨落下的水位—流量关系,为水位与流量相互转换提供一条新途径。
The traditional approaches ignore the influences of flood fluctuation and unsteadiness when studying the relationship between stage and discharge.A theoretical equation for flood fluctuation was derived from one-dimensional hydrodynamic equation,Saint Venant Equation and Manning's Equation in this paper.As well,the computing methods of steady flow slope and additional gradient were discussed in detail.A problem accompanied with the theoretical method was that the maximum discharge coincides the highest stage.In order to solve this problem,the corresponding calibration methods were put forward to improve the calculation precision of peak discharge.The good performance of calculation in Wuzhou gauging station demonstrates the reasonability of this method.The conclusion shows that this method is capable of explaining the stage-discharge relationship under flood fluctuation,and provides a new way for the conversion between stage and discharge.
The traditional approaches ignore the influences of flood fluctuation and unsteadiness when studying the relationship between stage and discharge.A theoretical equation for flood fluctuation was derived from one-dimensional hydrodynamic equation,Saint Venant Equation and Manning's Equation in this paper.As well,the computing methods of steady flow slope and additional gradient were discussed in detail.A problem accompanied with the theoretical method was that the maximum discharge coincides the highest stage.In order to solve this problem,the corresponding calibration methods were put forward to improve the calculation precision of peak discharge.The good performance of calculation in Wuzhou gauging station demonstrates the reasonability of this method.The conclusion shows that this method is capable of explaining the stage-discharge relationship under flood fluctuation,and provides a new way for the conversion between stage and discharge.
引文
[1]高兵役,李正最.洪水期水位流量关系绳套曲线的直接拟合[J].水文,1998,18(5):27-30.
[2]门玉丽,夏军,叶爱中.水位流量关系曲线的理论求解研究[J].水文,2009,29(1):1-3,62.
[3]晏志伟,潘卉,乔玲玲,等.利用断面资料推求单一水位流量关系线的探讨[J].水文,2015,35(1):73-76.
[4]Emad H H,Ehab A M,Asce M.Stage-discharge Relations for Low-gradient Tidal Streams Using Data-driven Models[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,132(5):482-492.
[5]孔凡哲,王晓赞.基于河段特征的马斯京根模型参数估算方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(4):494-497.
[6]赵志贡.水文测验学[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2014.
[2]门玉丽,夏军,叶爱中.水位流量关系曲线的理论求解研究[J].水文,2009,29(1):1-3,62.
[3]晏志伟,潘卉,乔玲玲,等.利用断面资料推求单一水位流量关系线的探讨[J].水文,2015,35(1):73-76.
[4]Emad H H,Ehab A M,Asce M.Stage-discharge Relations for Low-gradient Tidal Streams Using Data-driven Models[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,132(5):482-492.
[5]孔凡哲,王晓赞.基于河段特征的马斯京根模型参数估算方法[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(4):494-497.
[6]赵志贡.水文测验学[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2014.