区域渔业管理组织中的鲨鱼养护管理问题研究
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摘要
目前鲨鱼养护管理问题已引起国际社会的广泛关注,《鲨鱼养护管理国际行动计划》和《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》等国际文件从生态系统保护和贸易管控角度对鲨鱼问题做出规定。为了顺应国际社会加强鲨鱼养护管理的趋势,RFMOs出台了一系列决议和措施。对此,作为远洋渔业大国的我国应针对目前履行RFMOs管理规定中存在的问题,尽早做好各项准备,以彰显我国渔业大国的负责任态度,更好地维护我国远洋渔业合法权益。第一,对外加大宣传,树立我国远洋渔业的正面形象;第二,加强远洋渔业从业人员培训,强化远洋渔船监管;第三,加强国际渔业法律科学人才队伍建设,提升在国际渔业管理中的话语权和主导权;第四,转变我国渔业法规指导理念,确立以养护为主的渔业管理基本方针。
Currently, the conservation and management of sharks has attracted high attention of the international community. IPOA-Sharks, CITES and other international regulations have stipulated shark issues from the perspectives of ecosystem protection and international trade control directly or indirectly. In order to comply with the international trend of strengthening the conservation and management of sharks, RFMOs have issued a series of resolutions and measures on the conservation and management of sharks. In this regard, China as a large pelagic fishery country, should prepare for the problems in the implementation of the regulations of RFMOs timely, to show the responsibility of a big fishing country, and to better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the pelagic fishing in China. Firstly, increase publicity and set up a positive image of the pelagic fishery of China; Secondly, strengthen the training of the practitioners of the pelagic fishery and intensify the supervision of the pelagic fleets; Thirdly, strengthen the construction of the science and legal staff team of the international fishery, and enhance the discourse power and dominant power in the international fishery management;Fourthly, change the guiding principles of the fishery regulations in China, and establish the basic principles of fishery management based on Conservation.
Currently, the conservation and management of sharks has attracted high attention of the international community. IPOA-Sharks, CITES and other international regulations have stipulated shark issues from the perspectives of ecosystem protection and international trade control directly or indirectly. In order to comply with the international trend of strengthening the conservation and management of sharks, RFMOs have issued a series of resolutions and measures on the conservation and management of sharks. In this regard, China as a large pelagic fishery country, should prepare for the problems in the implementation of the regulations of RFMOs timely, to show the responsibility of a big fishing country, and to better safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the pelagic fishing in China. Firstly, increase publicity and set up a positive image of the pelagic fishery of China; Secondly, strengthen the training of the practitioners of the pelagic fishery and intensify the supervision of the pelagic fleets; Thirdly, strengthen the construction of the science and legal staff team of the international fishery, and enhance the discourse power and dominant power in the international fishery management;Fourthly, change the guiding principles of the fishery regulations in China, and establish the basic principles of fishery management based on Conservation.
引文
CCSBT,2011.Recommendation to mitigate the impact on ecologically related species of fishing for southern bluefin tuna,updated at the eighteenth annual meeting,October 10-13.
ICCAT,1995.Resolution by ICCAT on cooperation with the Food and A-griculture Organization of the United States(FAO)with regard to study on the status of stocks and by-catches of shark species(Res-95-02).Transmitted to contracting parties:December 21.
ICCAT,2012.Recommendation by ICCAT on information collection and harmonization of data on by-catch and discards in ICCAT fisheries(Rec-11-10).Entered into force:June 7.
ICCAT,2015.Recommendation by ICCAT on shortfinmako caught in association with ICCAT fisheries(Rec-14-06).Entered into force:June 3.
ICCAT,2016.Recommendation by ICCAT on porbeagle caught in association with ICCAT fisheries(Rec-15-06).Entered into force:June 4.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 73rd meeting,2005.Resolution on the conservation of sharks caught in association with fisheries in the eastern pacific ocean(Resolution C-05-03),Lanzarote(Spain),June 20-24.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 82nd meeting,2011.Resolution on the conservation of oceanic whitetip sharks caught in association with fisheries in the Antigua Convention Area(Resolution C-11-10),La Jolla,California(USA),July 4-8.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 90th meeting,2016.Amendment to Resolution C-05-03 on the conservation of sharks caught in association with fisheries in the eastern pacific ocean(Resolution C-16-04),La Jolla,California(USA),26 June-1 July.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 90th meeting,2016.Conservation measures for sharks species,with special emphasis on the silky shark(Carcharhinusfalciformis),for the years 2017,2018,and2019(Resolution C-16-06).La Jolla,California(USA),26 June-1July.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 90th meeting,2016.Resolution on the management of sharks species(Resolution C-16-05),La Jolla,California(USA),26 June-1 July.
IOTC,2012.On the conservation of thresher sharks(family alopiidae)caught in association with fisheries in the IOTC area of competence(Res-12-09).
IOTC,2012.To prohibit the use of large-scale driftnets on the high seas in the IOTC area(Res-12-12).
IOTC,2013.On a scientific and management framework on the conservation of shark species caught in association with IOTC managed fisheries(Res-13-06).
IOTC,2013.On the conservation of whale sharks(Rhincodontypus)(Res-13-05).
IOTC,2017.On the conservation of sharks caught in association with fisheries managed by IOTC(Res-17-05).
IOTC,2017.Resolution 17/07 on the prohibition to use large-scale driftnets in the IOTC area(Res-17-07).
WCPFC fifth regular session,2008.Conservation and management measure to prohibit the use of large scale driftnets on the high seas in the convention area(CMM 2008-04).Busan,Republic of Korea,8-12 December.
WCPFC eighth regular session,2012.Conservation and management measure for oceanic whitetip shark(CMM 2011-04).Tumon,Guam,USA.26-30 March.
WCPFC ninth regular session,2012.Conservation and management measure for protection of whale sharks from purse seine fishing operations(CMM 2012-04).Manila,Philippines.2-6 December.
WCPFC tenth regular session,2013.Conservation and management measure for silky sharks(CMM 2013-08).Cairns,Australia.2-6 December.
WCPFC eleventh regular session,2014.Conservation and management measure for sharks(CMM 2014-05)..Faleata Sports Complex,Apia,SAMOA.1-5 December.
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搜狐,2017.10月4日生效/4种鲨鱼相关国际贸易面临‘濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)’严格管控,http://www.sohu.com/a/196462712_726570.
联合国粮农组织(FAO),1999.鲨鱼养护和管理国际行动计划,http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/x3170e/x3170e03.htm.
联合国粮农组织渔业部,1995.负责任渔业行为守则,http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/v9878c/v9878c00.htm.
生态中国网,2017.血腥的鲨鱼贸易:每小时近2万条鲨鱼被杀死,http://news.ifeng.com/a/20171206/53916710_0.shtml.
新华网,2011.报告显示:近三分之一鲨鱼物种面临灭绝威胁,http://news.ifeng.com/world/news/detail_2011_01/27/4482057_0.shtml.
肖乐,郝向举,2013.鱼翅消费的是与非.中国水产,(7):21-25.
中国水产流通与加工协会组,2013.中国鲨鱼产业白皮书.北京:中国农业出版社.
ICCAT,1995.Resolution by ICCAT on cooperation with the Food and A-griculture Organization of the United States(FAO)with regard to study on the status of stocks and by-catches of shark species(Res-95-02).Transmitted to contracting parties:December 21.
ICCAT,2012.Recommendation by ICCAT on information collection and harmonization of data on by-catch and discards in ICCAT fisheries(Rec-11-10).Entered into force:June 7.
ICCAT,2015.Recommendation by ICCAT on shortfinmako caught in association with ICCAT fisheries(Rec-14-06).Entered into force:June 3.
ICCAT,2016.Recommendation by ICCAT on porbeagle caught in association with ICCAT fisheries(Rec-15-06).Entered into force:June 4.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 73rd meeting,2005.Resolution on the conservation of sharks caught in association with fisheries in the eastern pacific ocean(Resolution C-05-03),Lanzarote(Spain),June 20-24.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 82nd meeting,2011.Resolution on the conservation of oceanic whitetip sharks caught in association with fisheries in the Antigua Convention Area(Resolution C-11-10),La Jolla,California(USA),July 4-8.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 90th meeting,2016.Amendment to Resolution C-05-03 on the conservation of sharks caught in association with fisheries in the eastern pacific ocean(Resolution C-16-04),La Jolla,California(USA),26 June-1 July.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 90th meeting,2016.Conservation measures for sharks species,with special emphasis on the silky shark(Carcharhinusfalciformis),for the years 2017,2018,and2019(Resolution C-16-06).La Jolla,California(USA),26 June-1July.
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission 90th meeting,2016.Resolution on the management of sharks species(Resolution C-16-05),La Jolla,California(USA),26 June-1 July.
IOTC,2012.On the conservation of thresher sharks(family alopiidae)caught in association with fisheries in the IOTC area of competence(Res-12-09).
IOTC,2012.To prohibit the use of large-scale driftnets on the high seas in the IOTC area(Res-12-12).
IOTC,2013.On a scientific and management framework on the conservation of shark species caught in association with IOTC managed fisheries(Res-13-06).
IOTC,2013.On the conservation of whale sharks(Rhincodontypus)(Res-13-05).
IOTC,2017.On the conservation of sharks caught in association with fisheries managed by IOTC(Res-17-05).
IOTC,2017.Resolution 17/07 on the prohibition to use large-scale driftnets in the IOTC area(Res-17-07).
WCPFC fifth regular session,2008.Conservation and management measure to prohibit the use of large scale driftnets on the high seas in the convention area(CMM 2008-04).Busan,Republic of Korea,8-12 December.
WCPFC eighth regular session,2012.Conservation and management measure for oceanic whitetip shark(CMM 2011-04).Tumon,Guam,USA.26-30 March.
WCPFC ninth regular session,2012.Conservation and management measure for protection of whale sharks from purse seine fishing operations(CMM 2012-04).Manila,Philippines.2-6 December.
WCPFC tenth regular session,2013.Conservation and management measure for silky sharks(CMM 2013-08).Cairns,Australia.2-6 December.
WCPFC eleventh regular session,2014.Conservation and management measure for sharks(CMM 2014-05)..Faleata Sports Complex,Apia,SAMOA.1-5 December.
参考消息网,2016.美媒称姚明拯救鲨鱼:中国年轻中产以吃鱼翅为耻,http://www.cankaoxiaoxi.com/china/20160611/1186572.shtml.
搜狐,2017.10月4日生效/4种鲨鱼相关国际贸易面临‘濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约(CITES)’严格管控,http://www.sohu.com/a/196462712_726570.
联合国粮农组织(FAO),1999.鲨鱼养护和管理国际行动计划,http://www.fao.org/docrep/006/x3170e/x3170e03.htm.
联合国粮农组织渔业部,1995.负责任渔业行为守则,http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/v9878c/v9878c00.htm.
生态中国网,2017.血腥的鲨鱼贸易:每小时近2万条鲨鱼被杀死,http://news.ifeng.com/a/20171206/53916710_0.shtml.
新华网,2011.报告显示:近三分之一鲨鱼物种面临灭绝威胁,http://news.ifeng.com/world/news/detail_2011_01/27/4482057_0.shtml.
肖乐,郝向举,2013.鱼翅消费的是与非.中国水产,(7):21-25.
中国水产流通与加工协会组,2013.中国鲨鱼产业白皮书.北京:中国农业出版社.