上海市建成环境的评价与分析——基于手机信令数据的探索
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摘要
行为研究与大数据技术的发展,为分析城市建成环境提供了新的思路和方法。本文利用手机信令数据,从个体的时空行为出发,在用地强度、职住关系、居民出行行为和城市空间结构等多个方面,对上海市的城市建成环境进行分析和评价,旨在建立一套利用大数据评价城市建成环境的研究体系。结果表明,居民的活动分布、出行行为在空间上存在显著差异,受到用地、就业岗位、公共服务设施等建成环境的影响。整体上看,建成环境较好的区域集中在中心城区主中心,郊区副中心次之,中心城区边缘和远郊区则存在明显的问题与不足。研究表明,手机信令数据在城市建成环境评价分析上,具有更强的现实意义,其分析结果可为城市规划和城市管理等提供具体参考。
The development of behavior research and big data technology provides new ideas and methods for the analysis of urban built environment. Using mobile phone signaling data, based on the spatial-temporal behavior of individuals, this paper analyzes and evaluates the urban built environment of Shanghai in terms of land use intensity, jobshousing relationship, residents' travel behavior, and urban spatial structure, aiming to develop a research framework for built environment assessment by use of big data. The results show that there are significant spatial differences in the distribution of residents' activities and travel behaviors, which are influenced by the built environment such as land, employment, and public service facilities. In general, the areas with better built environment are concentrated in the core center of the central city, followed by the sub-centers in the suburbs, and there are obvious problems and shortcomings in the edge of the central city and the outer suburbs.This study shows that the mobile phone signaling data has a strong practical significance in the urban built environment analysis and assessment, and the research results can provide reference for urban planning and urban management.
The development of behavior research and big data technology provides new ideas and methods for the analysis of urban built environment. Using mobile phone signaling data, based on the spatial-temporal behavior of individuals, this paper analyzes and evaluates the urban built environment of Shanghai in terms of land use intensity, jobshousing relationship, residents' travel behavior, and urban spatial structure, aiming to develop a research framework for built environment assessment by use of big data. The results show that there are significant spatial differences in the distribution of residents' activities and travel behaviors, which are influenced by the built environment such as land, employment, and public service facilities. In general, the areas with better built environment are concentrated in the core center of the central city, followed by the sub-centers in the suburbs, and there are obvious problems and shortcomings in the edge of the central city and the outer suburbs.This study shows that the mobile phone signaling data has a strong practical significance in the urban built environment analysis and assessment, and the research results can provide reference for urban planning and urban management.
引文
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2曹新宇.社区建成环境和交通行为研究回顾与展望:以美国为鉴[J].国际城市规划,2015(4):46-52.CAO Jason.Examining the Relationship Between Neighborhood Built Environment and Travel Behavior:A Review from the US Perspective[J].Urban Planning International,2015(4):46-52.
3王晓军,朱文莉.日本城市建成环境效率综合评价方法研究[J].国际城市规划,2017(2):147-150.WANG Xiaojun,ZHU Wenli.Study on Japan Comprehensive Assessment Method of Urban Built Environmental Efficiency[J].Urban Planning International,2017(2):147-150.
4柴彦威,刘天宝,塔娜.基于个体行为的多尺度城市空间重构及规划应用研究框架[J].地域研究与开发,2013(4):1-7.CHAI Yanwei,LIU Tianbao,TA Na.Individual Behavior Based Multi-Scale Spatial Reconstruction and Its Planning Application[J].Areal Research and Development,2013(4):1-7.
5柴彦威,申悦,陈梓烽.基于时空间行为的人本导向的智慧城市规划与管理[J].国际城市规划,2014(6):31-37,50.CHAI Yanwei,SHEN Yue,CHEN Zifeng.Towards Smarter Cities:Human-Oriented Urban Planning and Management Based on Space-Time Behavior Research[J].Urban Planning International,2014(6):31-37,50.
6季珏,高晓路.基于居民日常出行的生活空间单元的划分[J].地理科学进展,2012(2):248-254.JI Jue,GAO Xiaolu.Identifying the Scope of Daily Life in Urban Areas Based on Residents’Travel Behaviors[J].Progress in Geography,2012(2):248-254.
7周素红,邓丽芳.居民日常活动的时空集聚--以广州市为例[M]//地理学核心问题与主线--中国地理学会2011年学术年会暨中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所建所五十年庆典论文摘要集.乌鲁木齐,2011.ZHOU Suhong,DENG Lifang.The Time-Spatial Agglomeration of Residents’Daily Activities:A Case Study of Guangzhou[M]//The Core Issues and the Main Line of Geography:Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Geographical Society of China and the 50th Anniversary Celebration of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Urumqi,2011.
8孙斌栋,但波.上海城市建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响[J].地理学报,2015(10):1664-1674.SUN Bindong,DAN Bo.Impact of Urban Built Environment on Residential Choice of Commuting Mode in Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015(10):1664-1674.
9塔娜,柴彦威,关美宝.建成环境对北京市郊区居民工作日汽车出行的影响[J].地理学报,2015(10):1675-1685.TA Na,CHAI Yanwei,GUAN Meibao.The Relationship Between the Built Environment and Car Travel Distance on Weekdays in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015(10):1675-1685.
10 SHEN Y,CHAI Y,KWAN M.Space-Time Fixity and Flexibility of Daily Activities and the Built Environment:ACase Study of Different Types of Communities in Beijing Suburbs[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2015,47:90-99.
11柴彦威,申悦,马修军,等.北京居民活动与出行行为时空数据采集与管理[J].地理研究,2013(3):441-451.CHAI Yanwei,SHEN Yue,MA Xiujun,et al.The Collection and Management of Space-Time Data of Individual Behavior Based on Location-Based Technologies:A Case Study of Activity-Travel Survey in Beijing[J].Geographical Research,2013(3):441-451.
12和玉兰,甄峰,朱寿佳,等.网络信息时代女性居民日常活动时空特征研究--以南京市为例[J].人文地理,2014(2):29-34.HE Yulan,ZHEN Feng,ZHU Shoujia,et al.The Spatio-Temporal Activity Pattern of Women in the Era of Network Information:A Case Study of Nanjing[J].Human Geography,2014(2):29-34.
13郭文伯,张艳,柴彦威,等.基于GPS数据的城市郊区居民日常活动时空特征--以北京天通苑、亦庄为例[J].地域研究与开发,2013(6):159-164.GUO Wenbo,ZHANG Yan,CHAI Yanwei,et al.Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Daily Activities of Suburban Residents Based on GPS Data:A Case Study of Tiantongyuan and Yizhuang in Beijing[J].Areal Research and Development,2013(6):159-164.
14 VACCARI A,LIU L,BIDERMAN A,et al.A Holistic Framework for the Study of Urban Traces and the Profiling of Urban Processes and Dynamics[C]//2009 12th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2009.
15 GIRARDIN F,CALABRESE F,FIORE F D,et al.Digital Footprinting:Uncovering Tourists with UserGenerated Content[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2008(4):36-43.
16 LI L,GOODCHILD M F,XU B.Spatial,Temporal,and Socioeconomic Patterns in the Use of Twitter and Flickr[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2013,40(2):61-77.
17 SEVTSUK A,RATTI C.Does Urban Mobility Have a Daily Routine?Explorations Using Aggregate Mobile Network Data[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management,2009.
18 RATTI C,PULSELLI R M,WILLIAMS S,et al.Mobile Landscapes:Using Location Data from Cell Phones for Urban Analysis[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2006,33(5):727-748.
19陈宏飞,李君轶,秦超,等.基于微博的西安市居民夜间活动时空分布研究[J].人文地理,2015(3):57-63.CHEN Hongfei,LI Junyi,QIN Chao,et al.Study on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Residents’Nocturnal Activities of Xi’an Based on Micro-Blog[J].Human Geography,2015(3):57-63.
20钮心毅,丁亮,宋小冬.基于手机数据识别上海中心城的城市空间结构[J].城市规划学刊,2014(6):61-67.NIU Xinyi,DING Liang,SONG Xiaodong.Understanding Urban Spatial Structure of Shanghai Central City Based on Mobile Phone Data[J].Urban Planning Forum,2014(6):61-67.
21 WANG M,SCHROCK S D,VANDER B N,et al.Estimating Dynamic Origin-Destination Data and Travel Demand Using Cell Phone Network Data[J].International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research,2013,11(2):76-86.
22 LARIJANI A N,OLTEANU-RAIMOND A,PERRET J,et al.Investigating the Mobile Phone Data to Estimate the Origin Destination Flow and Analysis;Case Study:Paris Region[J].Transportation Research Procedia,(下转第120页)2015(6):64-78.
23龙瀛,张宇,崔承印.利用公交刷卡数据分析北京职住关系和通勤出行[J].地理学报,2012(10):1339-1352.LONG Ying,ZHANG Yu,CUI Chengyin.Identifying Commuting Pattern of Beijing Using Bus Smart Card Data[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012(10):1339-1352.
24钮心毅,丁亮.利用手机数据分析上海市域的职住空间关系--若干结论和讨论[J].上海城市规划,2015(2):39-43.NIU Xinyi,DING Liang.Analyzing Job-Housing Spatial Relationship in Shanghai Using Mobile Phone Data:Some Conclusions and Discussions[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2015(2):39-43.
25任颐,毛荣昌.手机数据与规划智慧化--以无锡市基于手机数据的出行调查为例[J].国际城市规划,2014(6):66-71.REN Yi,MAO Rongchang.Cellphone Data and Smart Plan:ACase Study of Travel Survey Using Cellphone Data in Wuxi[J].Urban Planning International,2014(6):66-71.
26王德,王灿,谢栋灿,等.基于手机信令数据的上海市不同等级商业中心商圈的比较--以南京东路、五角场、鞍山路为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(3):50-60.WANG De,WANG Can,XIE Dongcan,et al.Comparison of Retail Trade Areas of Retail Centers with Different Hierarchical Levels:A Case Study of East Nanjing Road,Wujiaochang,Anshan Road in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(3):50-60.
27方家,王德,谢栋灿,等.上海顾村公园樱花节大客流特征及预警研究--基于手机信令数据的探索[J].城市规划,2016(6):43-51.FANG Jia,WANG De,XIE Dongcan,et al.Research on Dynamic Change and Early Warning of Large Tourist Flow Based on Mobile Signal Data Analysis:A Case Study of Gucun Park Sakura Festival in Shanghai[J].City Planning Review,2016(6):43-51.
28王德,钟炜菁,谢栋灿,等.手机信令数据在城市建成环境评价中的应用--以上海市宝山区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(5):82-90.WANG De,ZHONG Weijing,XIE Dongcan,et al.The Application of Cell Phone Signaling Data in the Assessment of Urban Built Environment:A Case Study of Baoshan District in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(5):82-90.
29晏龙旭,张尚武,王德,等.上海城市生活中心体系的识别与评估[J].城市规划学刊,2016(6):65-71.YAN Longxu,ZHANG Shangwu,WANG De,et al.Identification and Evaluation of Living Centers System in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2016(6):65-71.
2曹新宇.社区建成环境和交通行为研究回顾与展望:以美国为鉴[J].国际城市规划,2015(4):46-52.CAO Jason.Examining the Relationship Between Neighborhood Built Environment and Travel Behavior:A Review from the US Perspective[J].Urban Planning International,2015(4):46-52.
3王晓军,朱文莉.日本城市建成环境效率综合评价方法研究[J].国际城市规划,2017(2):147-150.WANG Xiaojun,ZHU Wenli.Study on Japan Comprehensive Assessment Method of Urban Built Environmental Efficiency[J].Urban Planning International,2017(2):147-150.
4柴彦威,刘天宝,塔娜.基于个体行为的多尺度城市空间重构及规划应用研究框架[J].地域研究与开发,2013(4):1-7.CHAI Yanwei,LIU Tianbao,TA Na.Individual Behavior Based Multi-Scale Spatial Reconstruction and Its Planning Application[J].Areal Research and Development,2013(4):1-7.
5柴彦威,申悦,陈梓烽.基于时空间行为的人本导向的智慧城市规划与管理[J].国际城市规划,2014(6):31-37,50.CHAI Yanwei,SHEN Yue,CHEN Zifeng.Towards Smarter Cities:Human-Oriented Urban Planning and Management Based on Space-Time Behavior Research[J].Urban Planning International,2014(6):31-37,50.
6季珏,高晓路.基于居民日常出行的生活空间单元的划分[J].地理科学进展,2012(2):248-254.JI Jue,GAO Xiaolu.Identifying the Scope of Daily Life in Urban Areas Based on Residents’Travel Behaviors[J].Progress in Geography,2012(2):248-254.
7周素红,邓丽芳.居民日常活动的时空集聚--以广州市为例[M]//地理学核心问题与主线--中国地理学会2011年学术年会暨中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所建所五十年庆典论文摘要集.乌鲁木齐,2011.ZHOU Suhong,DENG Lifang.The Time-Spatial Agglomeration of Residents’Daily Activities:A Case Study of Guangzhou[M]//The Core Issues and the Main Line of Geography:Proceedings of the 2011 Annual Meeting of the Geographical Society of China and the 50th Anniversary Celebration of Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Urumqi,2011.
8孙斌栋,但波.上海城市建成环境对居民通勤方式选择的影响[J].地理学报,2015(10):1664-1674.SUN Bindong,DAN Bo.Impact of Urban Built Environment on Residential Choice of Commuting Mode in Shanghai[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015(10):1664-1674.
9塔娜,柴彦威,关美宝.建成环境对北京市郊区居民工作日汽车出行的影响[J].地理学报,2015(10):1675-1685.TA Na,CHAI Yanwei,GUAN Meibao.The Relationship Between the Built Environment and Car Travel Distance on Weekdays in Beijing[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015(10):1675-1685.
10 SHEN Y,CHAI Y,KWAN M.Space-Time Fixity and Flexibility of Daily Activities and the Built Environment:ACase Study of Different Types of Communities in Beijing Suburbs[J].Journal of Transport Geography,2015,47:90-99.
11柴彦威,申悦,马修军,等.北京居民活动与出行行为时空数据采集与管理[J].地理研究,2013(3):441-451.CHAI Yanwei,SHEN Yue,MA Xiujun,et al.The Collection and Management of Space-Time Data of Individual Behavior Based on Location-Based Technologies:A Case Study of Activity-Travel Survey in Beijing[J].Geographical Research,2013(3):441-451.
12和玉兰,甄峰,朱寿佳,等.网络信息时代女性居民日常活动时空特征研究--以南京市为例[J].人文地理,2014(2):29-34.HE Yulan,ZHEN Feng,ZHU Shoujia,et al.The Spatio-Temporal Activity Pattern of Women in the Era of Network Information:A Case Study of Nanjing[J].Human Geography,2014(2):29-34.
13郭文伯,张艳,柴彦威,等.基于GPS数据的城市郊区居民日常活动时空特征--以北京天通苑、亦庄为例[J].地域研究与开发,2013(6):159-164.GUO Wenbo,ZHANG Yan,CHAI Yanwei,et al.Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Daily Activities of Suburban Residents Based on GPS Data:A Case Study of Tiantongyuan and Yizhuang in Beijing[J].Areal Research and Development,2013(6):159-164.
14 VACCARI A,LIU L,BIDERMAN A,et al.A Holistic Framework for the Study of Urban Traces and the Profiling of Urban Processes and Dynamics[C]//2009 12th International IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems,2009.
15 GIRARDIN F,CALABRESE F,FIORE F D,et al.Digital Footprinting:Uncovering Tourists with UserGenerated Content[J].IEEE Pervasive Computing,2008(4):36-43.
16 LI L,GOODCHILD M F,XU B.Spatial,Temporal,and Socioeconomic Patterns in the Use of Twitter and Flickr[J].Cartography and Geographic Information Science,2013,40(2):61-77.
17 SEVTSUK A,RATTI C.Does Urban Mobility Have a Daily Routine?Explorations Using Aggregate Mobile Network Data[C]//Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Computers in Urban Planning and Urban Management,2009.
18 RATTI C,PULSELLI R M,WILLIAMS S,et al.Mobile Landscapes:Using Location Data from Cell Phones for Urban Analysis[J].Environment and Planning B:Planning and Design,2006,33(5):727-748.
19陈宏飞,李君轶,秦超,等.基于微博的西安市居民夜间活动时空分布研究[J].人文地理,2015(3):57-63.CHEN Hongfei,LI Junyi,QIN Chao,et al.Study on Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Residents’Nocturnal Activities of Xi’an Based on Micro-Blog[J].Human Geography,2015(3):57-63.
20钮心毅,丁亮,宋小冬.基于手机数据识别上海中心城的城市空间结构[J].城市规划学刊,2014(6):61-67.NIU Xinyi,DING Liang,SONG Xiaodong.Understanding Urban Spatial Structure of Shanghai Central City Based on Mobile Phone Data[J].Urban Planning Forum,2014(6):61-67.
21 WANG M,SCHROCK S D,VANDER B N,et al.Estimating Dynamic Origin-Destination Data and Travel Demand Using Cell Phone Network Data[J].International Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Research,2013,11(2):76-86.
22 LARIJANI A N,OLTEANU-RAIMOND A,PERRET J,et al.Investigating the Mobile Phone Data to Estimate the Origin Destination Flow and Analysis;Case Study:Paris Region[J].Transportation Research Procedia,(下转第120页)2015(6):64-78.
23龙瀛,张宇,崔承印.利用公交刷卡数据分析北京职住关系和通勤出行[J].地理学报,2012(10):1339-1352.LONG Ying,ZHANG Yu,CUI Chengyin.Identifying Commuting Pattern of Beijing Using Bus Smart Card Data[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2012(10):1339-1352.
24钮心毅,丁亮.利用手机数据分析上海市域的职住空间关系--若干结论和讨论[J].上海城市规划,2015(2):39-43.NIU Xinyi,DING Liang.Analyzing Job-Housing Spatial Relationship in Shanghai Using Mobile Phone Data:Some Conclusions and Discussions[J].Shanghai Urban Planning Review,2015(2):39-43.
25任颐,毛荣昌.手机数据与规划智慧化--以无锡市基于手机数据的出行调查为例[J].国际城市规划,2014(6):66-71.REN Yi,MAO Rongchang.Cellphone Data and Smart Plan:ACase Study of Travel Survey Using Cellphone Data in Wuxi[J].Urban Planning International,2014(6):66-71.
26王德,王灿,谢栋灿,等.基于手机信令数据的上海市不同等级商业中心商圈的比较--以南京东路、五角场、鞍山路为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(3):50-60.WANG De,WANG Can,XIE Dongcan,et al.Comparison of Retail Trade Areas of Retail Centers with Different Hierarchical Levels:A Case Study of East Nanjing Road,Wujiaochang,Anshan Road in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(3):50-60.
27方家,王德,谢栋灿,等.上海顾村公园樱花节大客流特征及预警研究--基于手机信令数据的探索[J].城市规划,2016(6):43-51.FANG Jia,WANG De,XIE Dongcan,et al.Research on Dynamic Change and Early Warning of Large Tourist Flow Based on Mobile Signal Data Analysis:A Case Study of Gucun Park Sakura Festival in Shanghai[J].City Planning Review,2016(6):43-51.
28王德,钟炜菁,谢栋灿,等.手机信令数据在城市建成环境评价中的应用--以上海市宝山区为例[J].城市规划学刊,2015(5):82-90.WANG De,ZHONG Weijing,XIE Dongcan,et al.The Application of Cell Phone Signaling Data in the Assessment of Urban Built Environment:A Case Study of Baoshan District in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2015(5):82-90.
29晏龙旭,张尚武,王德,等.上海城市生活中心体系的识别与评估[J].城市规划学刊,2016(6):65-71.YAN Longxu,ZHANG Shangwu,WANG De,et al.Identification and Evaluation of Living Centers System in Shanghai[J].Urban Planning Forum,2016(6):65-71.