新疆塔里木盆地西北缘晚奥陶世疑源类
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摘要
新疆塔里木盆地西北缘阿克苏和柯坪地区达瑞威尔期末期至凯迪期中期地层发育良好,大湾西沟剖面、四十场剖面和铁热克阿瓦提剖面地层保存良好的疑源类组合。该组合包括20属36种疑源类,以棘刺类、光球类和梭形类占优势。塔里木盆地西北缘疑源类组合与国内、外同期组合对比表明晚奥陶世疑源类古地理分区性减弱,部分疑源类分子分布仅限于晚奥陶世,且古地理分布广泛,具有生物地层学对比的潜力。新疆塔里木盆地西北缘数条剖面疑源类组成和多样性变化的不同可能与小环境的差异有关。本研究中疑源类属种组成及多样性变化趋势和柯坪地区海平面变化一致,反映了萨尔干组到其浪组下部有一次海侵过程。
Upper Darriwilian to middle Katian(Ordovician)outcrops are well exposed in the Aksu and Kalpin area,northwest margin of the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China.The Dawanxigou,Sishichang and Tierekeawati sections,near the Dawangou section in the Kalpin area,yield well-preserved acritarchs.This acritarch assemblage is dominated by acanthomorph,Leiosphaeridia and netromorph with 36 species assigned to 20 genera.Comparison of the acritarch assemblage with the coeval assemblages elsewhere suggests a breakdown of the acritarch provincialism during the Late Ordovician.Several acriatchs from northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin are restricted to the Late Ordovician,and worldwide spread,which gives them have the potential for global biostratigraphical corrlelation.The acritarch assemblages from the northwestern Tarim Basin show a slightly different composition,possibly due to the slightly different facies.The diversity and compositional changes of the acritarch assemblages,combined with the sedimentological evidence,suggests a transgressive sequence from the Sargan Formation to the Qilang Formation.
Upper Darriwilian to middle Katian(Ordovician)outcrops are well exposed in the Aksu and Kalpin area,northwest margin of the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China.The Dawanxigou,Sishichang and Tierekeawati sections,near the Dawangou section in the Kalpin area,yield well-preserved acritarchs.This acritarch assemblage is dominated by acanthomorph,Leiosphaeridia and netromorph with 36 species assigned to 20 genera.Comparison of the acritarch assemblage with the coeval assemblages elsewhere suggests a breakdown of the acritarch provincialism during the Late Ordovician.Several acriatchs from northwestern margin of the Tarim Basin are restricted to the Late Ordovician,and worldwide spread,which gives them have the potential for global biostratigraphical corrlelation.The acritarch assemblages from the northwestern Tarim Basin show a slightly different composition,possibly due to the slightly different facies.The diversity and compositional changes of the acritarch assemblages,combined with the sedimentological evidence,suggests a transgressive sequence from the Sargan Formation to the Qilang Formation.
引文
邢裕盛,方晓思,1999.新疆柯坪奥陶-志留纪微古植物群及其地层意义.地层古生物论文集,27:125-135
李军,1995.新疆柯坪奥陶纪卡拉道克期疑源类.古生物学报,34(4):454-467
李军,王怿,1997.塔里木盆地井下奥陶纪疑源类.微体古生物学报,14(2):175-190
李军,王怿,1999.塔里木盆地中、晚奥陶世疑源类组合.地层学杂志,23(2):124-129
何圣策,尹磊明,1993.浙江江山晚奥陶世长坞组疑源类化石.古生物学报,32(5):611-633
陈旭,周志毅,2005.奥陶系全球界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)的研究.地层学杂志,29(2):165-170
武振杰,姚建新,陈留勤,2012.塔里木盆地柯坪地区奥陶系层序地层研究.岩石矿物学杂志,31(6):875-884
周志毅,2001.塔里木盆地各纪地层.北京:科学出版社.1-359
倪寓南,耿良玉,王志浩等,2001.奥陶系.见:周志毅(主编),塔里木盆地各纪地层.北京:科学出版社.39-80
黄智斌,邓胜徽,杜品德等,2009.塔里木盆地奥陶纪地层研究新进展.见:周新源(主编),塔里木油田会战20周年论文集(勘探分册).北京:石油工业出版社.172-186
傅嘉媛,1986.陕西镇巴梁家桥奥陶系西梁寺组与涧草沟组的微古植物群.中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊,12:113-128
燕夔,李军,2007.湖北宜昌奥陶系庙坡组疑源类.微体古生物学报,24(4):422-433
CHEN Xu,ZHOU Zhiyi,2005.A study of the Ordovician global boundary Stratotype sections and Point.Journal of Stratigraphy,29(2):165-170(in Chinese with English abstract)
CHEN Xu,NI Yunan,MITCHELL C E et al.,2000.Graptolites from the Qilang and Yingan Formations(Caradoc,Ordovician)of Kalpin,western Tarim,Xinjiang,China.Journal of Paleontology,74:282-300
CHEN Xu,ZHANG Yuandong,LI Yue et al.,2012.Biostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician black shales in Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions.Science China:Earth Sciences,55:1230-1237
CHEN Xu,ZHANGYuandong,GOLDMAN Det al.,2016.Darriwilian to Katian(Ordovician)graptolites from Northwest China.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press.1-354
COLBATH G K,1979.Organic-walled microphytoplankton from the Eden Shale(Upper Ordovician),Indiana,U.S.A.Palaeontographica Abt.B,171:1-38
DELABROYE A,VECOLI M,HINTS Oet al.,2011a.Acritarchs from the Ordovician-Silurian boundary beds of the Valga-10drill core,southern Estonia(Baltica)and their stratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical implications.Palynology,35:4-45
DELABROYE A,MUNNECKE A,VECOLI Met al.,2011b.Phytoplankton dynamics across the Ordovician/Silurian boundary at low palaeolatitudes:correlations with carbon isotopic and glacial events.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,312:79-97
FORTEY R A,HARPER D A T,INGHAM J Ket al.,1995.Arevision of the series and stages from the historical type area.Geological Magazine,132:15-30
FU Jiayuan,1986.The Ordovician group of micropalaeoflora from Xiliangsi and Jiancaogou Formation of Zhenba,Shaanxi.Bulletin of Xi'an Institute of Geology and Mineral Research,Chinese Academic Geological Science,12:113-128(in Chinese with English abstract)
GHAVIDEL-SYOOKI M,2017.Stratigraphic evidence for Hirnantian glaciation in the Alborz Mountain Ranges,northeastern I-ran.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,485:879-898
HE Shengce,YIN Leiming,1993.Late Ordovician acritarchs from Changwu Formation of Jiangshan,Zhejiang,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,32(5):611-633(in Chinese with English abstract)
HENNISSEN J,VANDENBROUCKE T R A,CHEN Xu et al.,2010.The Dawangou auxiliary GSSP(Xinjiang autonomous region,China)of the base of the Upper Ordovician Series:putting global chitinozoan biostratigraphy to the test.Journal of Micropalaeontology,29:93-113
HILL P J,MOLYNEUX S G,1988.Biostratigraphy,palynofacies and provincialism of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian acritarchs from northeast Libya.In:EL-ARNAUTI A,OWEN B,THU-SA B(eds.),Subsurface Palynostratigraphy of Northeast Libya.Benghazi:Garyounis University Publications.27-43
HINT O,DELABROYE A,N LVAK J et al.,2010.Biodiversity patterns of Ordovician marine microphytoplankton from Baltica:comparison with other fossil groups and sea-level changes.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,294:161-173
HUANG Zhibin,DENG Shenghui,DU Pinde et al.,2009.New advances in stratigraphic study on Ordovician in Tarim Basin.In:ZHOU Xinyuan(ed.),Paper collection for the 20years anniversary of Tarim Petroleum Meeting Campaign(Exploration Vol.).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.172-186(in Chinese)
LE H RISS A,PARIS F,STEEMANS P,2013.Late Ordovician-earliest Silurian palynomorphs from northern Chad and correlation with contemporaneous deposits of southeastern Libya.Bulletin of Geosciences,88:483-504
LE H RISS A,MOLYNEUX S G,MILLER M A,2015.Late Ordovician to early Silurian acritarchs from the Qusaiba-1shallow core hole,central Saudi Arabia.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,212:22-55
LI Jun,1995.Ordovician(Caradoc)acritarchs from Qilang Formation of Kalpin,Xinjiang,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,34(4):454-467(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Jun,WANG Yi,1997.Ordovician acritarchs from boreholes in the Tarim Basin.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,14(2):175-190(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Jun,WANG Yi,1999.Middle-Late Ordovician acritarch assemblages from the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang.Journal of Stratigraphy,23(2):124-129(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Jun,WICANDER R,YAN Kui et al.,2006.An Upper Ordovician acritarch and prasinophyte assemblage from Dawangou,Xinjiang,northwestern China:biostratigraphic and paleogeographic implications.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,139:97-128
MOLYNEUX S G,DELABROYE A,WICANDER Ret al.,2013.Biogeography of early to mid Palaeozoic(Cambrian-Devonian)marine phytoplankton.Geological Society,London,Memoirs,38:365-397
NI Yunan,GENG Liangyu,WANG Zhihao et al.,2001.Ordovician.In:ZHOU Zhiyi(ed.),Stratigraphy of Tarim Basin.Beijing:Science Press.39-80(in Chinese with English summary)
PALYFORD G,WICANDER R,2006.Organic-walled microphytoplankton of the Sylvan Shale(Richmondian:Upper Ordovician),Arbuckle Mountains,southern Oklahoma,U.S.A.Bulletin of Oklahoma Geological Survey,148:1-116
PARIS F,LE H RISS A,MONOD O,2007.Ordovician chitinozoans and acritarchs from southern and southeastern Turkey.Revue de micropaléontologie,50:81-107
RUBINSTEIN C V,DE LA PUENTE G S,DELABROYE Aet al.,2016.The palynological record across the Ordovician/Silurian boundary in the Cordillera Oriental,Central Andean Basin,northwestern Argentina.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,224:14-25
SULLIVAN N B,LOYDELL D K,MONTGOMERY P et al.,2018.A record of Late Ordovician to Silurian oceanographic events on the margin of Baltica based on new carbon isotope data,elemental geochemistry,and biostratigraphy from two boreholes in central Poland.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,490:95-106
TURNER R E,1984.Acritarchs from the type area of the Ordovician Caradoc series,Shropshire,England.Palaeontographica Abt.B,190:87-157
UUTELA A,TYNNI R,1991.Ordovician acritarchs from the Rapla borehole,Estonia.Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin,353:1-153
VECOLI M,1999.Cambro-Ordovician palynostratigraphy(acritarchs and prasinophytes)of the Hassi-R'Mel area and northern Rhadames Basin,North Africa.Palaeontographia Italica,86:1-112
VECOLI M,LE H RISS A,2004.Biostratigraphy,taxonomic diversity and patterns of morphological evolution of Ordovician acritarchs(organic-walled microphytoplankton)from the northern Gondwana margin in relation to palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic changes.Earth-Science Reviews,67:267-311
WANG Zhihao,QI Yuping,BERGSTR M S M 2007.Ordovician conodonts of the Tarim Region,Xinjiang,China:occurrence and use as palaeoenvironment indicators.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,29:832-843
WICANDER R,2004.A review of Ordovician Laurentian acritarch assemblages and their relevance to palaeogeographic and biodiversification trends.Memoirs of Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 29:245-251
WICANDER R,PLAYFORD G,2008.Upper Ordovician microphytoplankton of the Bill’s Creek Shale and Stonington Formation,Upper Peninsula of Michigan,U.S.A.:biostratigraphy and paleogeographic significance.Revue de Micropaléontologie,51:39-66
WICANDER R,PLAYFORD G,ROBERTSON E B,1999.Stratigraphic and paleogeographic significance of an Upper Ordovician acritarch flora from the Maquoketa Shale,northeastern Missouri,U.S.A.Journal of Paleontology,73:1-38
WU Zhenjie,YAO Jianxin,CHEN Liuqin,2012.Ordovician sequence stratigraphy of Keping area,northwest Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,31(6):875-884(in Chinese with English abstract)
XING Yusheng,FANG Xiaosi,1999.Ordovician-Silurian micropaleoflora from Keping region,Xinjiang and its stratigraphical significance.Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology,27:125-135(in Chinese with English abstract)
YAN Kui,LI Jun,2007.Ordovician acritarchs from the Miaopo Formation of Yichang,Hubei.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,24(4):422-433(in Chinese with English abstract)
YIN Leiming,HE Shengce,2000.Palynomorphs from the transitional sequences between Ordovician and Silurian of northwestern Zhejiang,South China.In:SONG Zhichen(ed.),Palynofloras and Palynomorphs of China.Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China.186-202
ZHANG Shiben,GENG Liangyu,DU Pinde et al.,2007.Ordovician chitinozoan biozones of the subsurface Tarim Basin,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,46:523-529
ZHOU Zhiyi,2001.Stratigraphy of Tarim Basin.Beijing:Science Press.1-359(in Chinese with English summary)
ZHOU Zhiyi,CHEN Xu,WANG Zhihao et al.,1992.Ordovician of Tarim.In:ZHOU Zhiyi,CHEN Peiji(eds.),Biostratigraphy and Geological Evolution of Tarim.Beijing:Science Press.62-139
李军,1995.新疆柯坪奥陶纪卡拉道克期疑源类.古生物学报,34(4):454-467
李军,王怿,1997.塔里木盆地井下奥陶纪疑源类.微体古生物学报,14(2):175-190
李军,王怿,1999.塔里木盆地中、晚奥陶世疑源类组合.地层学杂志,23(2):124-129
何圣策,尹磊明,1993.浙江江山晚奥陶世长坞组疑源类化石.古生物学报,32(5):611-633
陈旭,周志毅,2005.奥陶系全球界线层型剖面和点位(GSSP)的研究.地层学杂志,29(2):165-170
武振杰,姚建新,陈留勤,2012.塔里木盆地柯坪地区奥陶系层序地层研究.岩石矿物学杂志,31(6):875-884
周志毅,2001.塔里木盆地各纪地层.北京:科学出版社.1-359
倪寓南,耿良玉,王志浩等,2001.奥陶系.见:周志毅(主编),塔里木盆地各纪地层.北京:科学出版社.39-80
黄智斌,邓胜徽,杜品德等,2009.塔里木盆地奥陶纪地层研究新进展.见:周新源(主编),塔里木油田会战20周年论文集(勘探分册).北京:石油工业出版社.172-186
傅嘉媛,1986.陕西镇巴梁家桥奥陶系西梁寺组与涧草沟组的微古植物群.中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊,12:113-128
燕夔,李军,2007.湖北宜昌奥陶系庙坡组疑源类.微体古生物学报,24(4):422-433
CHEN Xu,ZHOU Zhiyi,2005.A study of the Ordovician global boundary Stratotype sections and Point.Journal of Stratigraphy,29(2):165-170(in Chinese with English abstract)
CHEN Xu,NI Yunan,MITCHELL C E et al.,2000.Graptolites from the Qilang and Yingan Formations(Caradoc,Ordovician)of Kalpin,western Tarim,Xinjiang,China.Journal of Paleontology,74:282-300
CHEN Xu,ZHANG Yuandong,LI Yue et al.,2012.Biostratigraphic correlation of the Ordovician black shales in Tarim Basin and its peripheral regions.Science China:Earth Sciences,55:1230-1237
CHEN Xu,ZHANGYuandong,GOLDMAN Det al.,2016.Darriwilian to Katian(Ordovician)graptolites from Northwest China.Hangzhou:Zhejiang University Press.1-354
COLBATH G K,1979.Organic-walled microphytoplankton from the Eden Shale(Upper Ordovician),Indiana,U.S.A.Palaeontographica Abt.B,171:1-38
DELABROYE A,VECOLI M,HINTS Oet al.,2011a.Acritarchs from the Ordovician-Silurian boundary beds of the Valga-10drill core,southern Estonia(Baltica)and their stratigraphical and palaeobiogeographical implications.Palynology,35:4-45
DELABROYE A,MUNNECKE A,VECOLI Met al.,2011b.Phytoplankton dynamics across the Ordovician/Silurian boundary at low palaeolatitudes:correlations with carbon isotopic and glacial events.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,312:79-97
FORTEY R A,HARPER D A T,INGHAM J Ket al.,1995.Arevision of the series and stages from the historical type area.Geological Magazine,132:15-30
FU Jiayuan,1986.The Ordovician group of micropalaeoflora from Xiliangsi and Jiancaogou Formation of Zhenba,Shaanxi.Bulletin of Xi'an Institute of Geology and Mineral Research,Chinese Academic Geological Science,12:113-128(in Chinese with English abstract)
GHAVIDEL-SYOOKI M,2017.Stratigraphic evidence for Hirnantian glaciation in the Alborz Mountain Ranges,northeastern I-ran.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,485:879-898
HE Shengce,YIN Leiming,1993.Late Ordovician acritarchs from Changwu Formation of Jiangshan,Zhejiang,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,32(5):611-633(in Chinese with English abstract)
HENNISSEN J,VANDENBROUCKE T R A,CHEN Xu et al.,2010.The Dawangou auxiliary GSSP(Xinjiang autonomous region,China)of the base of the Upper Ordovician Series:putting global chitinozoan biostratigraphy to the test.Journal of Micropalaeontology,29:93-113
HILL P J,MOLYNEUX S G,1988.Biostratigraphy,palynofacies and provincialism of Late Ordovician-Early Silurian acritarchs from northeast Libya.In:EL-ARNAUTI A,OWEN B,THU-SA B(eds.),Subsurface Palynostratigraphy of Northeast Libya.Benghazi:Garyounis University Publications.27-43
HINT O,DELABROYE A,N LVAK J et al.,2010.Biodiversity patterns of Ordovician marine microphytoplankton from Baltica:comparison with other fossil groups and sea-level changes.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,294:161-173
HUANG Zhibin,DENG Shenghui,DU Pinde et al.,2009.New advances in stratigraphic study on Ordovician in Tarim Basin.In:ZHOU Xinyuan(ed.),Paper collection for the 20years anniversary of Tarim Petroleum Meeting Campaign(Exploration Vol.).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press.172-186(in Chinese)
LE H RISS A,PARIS F,STEEMANS P,2013.Late Ordovician-earliest Silurian palynomorphs from northern Chad and correlation with contemporaneous deposits of southeastern Libya.Bulletin of Geosciences,88:483-504
LE H RISS A,MOLYNEUX S G,MILLER M A,2015.Late Ordovician to early Silurian acritarchs from the Qusaiba-1shallow core hole,central Saudi Arabia.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,212:22-55
LI Jun,1995.Ordovician(Caradoc)acritarchs from Qilang Formation of Kalpin,Xinjiang,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,34(4):454-467(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Jun,WANG Yi,1997.Ordovician acritarchs from boreholes in the Tarim Basin.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,14(2):175-190(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Jun,WANG Yi,1999.Middle-Late Ordovician acritarch assemblages from the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang.Journal of Stratigraphy,23(2):124-129(in Chinese with English abstract)
LI Jun,WICANDER R,YAN Kui et al.,2006.An Upper Ordovician acritarch and prasinophyte assemblage from Dawangou,Xinjiang,northwestern China:biostratigraphic and paleogeographic implications.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,139:97-128
MOLYNEUX S G,DELABROYE A,WICANDER Ret al.,2013.Biogeography of early to mid Palaeozoic(Cambrian-Devonian)marine phytoplankton.Geological Society,London,Memoirs,38:365-397
NI Yunan,GENG Liangyu,WANG Zhihao et al.,2001.Ordovician.In:ZHOU Zhiyi(ed.),Stratigraphy of Tarim Basin.Beijing:Science Press.39-80(in Chinese with English summary)
PALYFORD G,WICANDER R,2006.Organic-walled microphytoplankton of the Sylvan Shale(Richmondian:Upper Ordovician),Arbuckle Mountains,southern Oklahoma,U.S.A.Bulletin of Oklahoma Geological Survey,148:1-116
PARIS F,LE H RISS A,MONOD O,2007.Ordovician chitinozoans and acritarchs from southern and southeastern Turkey.Revue de micropaléontologie,50:81-107
RUBINSTEIN C V,DE LA PUENTE G S,DELABROYE Aet al.,2016.The palynological record across the Ordovician/Silurian boundary in the Cordillera Oriental,Central Andean Basin,northwestern Argentina.Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology,224:14-25
SULLIVAN N B,LOYDELL D K,MONTGOMERY P et al.,2018.A record of Late Ordovician to Silurian oceanographic events on the margin of Baltica based on new carbon isotope data,elemental geochemistry,and biostratigraphy from two boreholes in central Poland.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,490:95-106
TURNER R E,1984.Acritarchs from the type area of the Ordovician Caradoc series,Shropshire,England.Palaeontographica Abt.B,190:87-157
UUTELA A,TYNNI R,1991.Ordovician acritarchs from the Rapla borehole,Estonia.Geological Survey of Finland Bulletin,353:1-153
VECOLI M,1999.Cambro-Ordovician palynostratigraphy(acritarchs and prasinophytes)of the Hassi-R'Mel area and northern Rhadames Basin,North Africa.Palaeontographia Italica,86:1-112
VECOLI M,LE H RISS A,2004.Biostratigraphy,taxonomic diversity and patterns of morphological evolution of Ordovician acritarchs(organic-walled microphytoplankton)from the northern Gondwana margin in relation to palaeoclimatic and palaeogeographic changes.Earth-Science Reviews,67:267-311
WANG Zhihao,QI Yuping,BERGSTR M S M 2007.Ordovician conodonts of the Tarim Region,Xinjiang,China:occurrence and use as palaeoenvironment indicators.Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,29:832-843
WICANDER R,2004.A review of Ordovician Laurentian acritarch assemblages and their relevance to palaeogeographic and biodiversification trends.Memoirs of Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 29:245-251
WICANDER R,PLAYFORD G,2008.Upper Ordovician microphytoplankton of the Bill’s Creek Shale and Stonington Formation,Upper Peninsula of Michigan,U.S.A.:biostratigraphy and paleogeographic significance.Revue de Micropaléontologie,51:39-66
WICANDER R,PLAYFORD G,ROBERTSON E B,1999.Stratigraphic and paleogeographic significance of an Upper Ordovician acritarch flora from the Maquoketa Shale,northeastern Missouri,U.S.A.Journal of Paleontology,73:1-38
WU Zhenjie,YAO Jianxin,CHEN Liuqin,2012.Ordovician sequence stratigraphy of Keping area,northwest Tarim Basin.Acta Petrologica et Mineralogica,31(6):875-884(in Chinese with English abstract)
XING Yusheng,FANG Xiaosi,1999.Ordovician-Silurian micropaleoflora from Keping region,Xinjiang and its stratigraphical significance.Professional Papers of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology,27:125-135(in Chinese with English abstract)
YAN Kui,LI Jun,2007.Ordovician acritarchs from the Miaopo Formation of Yichang,Hubei.Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica,24(4):422-433(in Chinese with English abstract)
YIN Leiming,HE Shengce,2000.Palynomorphs from the transitional sequences between Ordovician and Silurian of northwestern Zhejiang,South China.In:SONG Zhichen(ed.),Palynofloras and Palynomorphs of China.Hefei:Press of University of Science and Technology of China.186-202
ZHANG Shiben,GENG Liangyu,DU Pinde et al.,2007.Ordovician chitinozoan biozones of the subsurface Tarim Basin,China.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,46:523-529
ZHOU Zhiyi,2001.Stratigraphy of Tarim Basin.Beijing:Science Press.1-359(in Chinese with English summary)
ZHOU Zhiyi,CHEN Xu,WANG Zhihao et al.,1992.Ordovician of Tarim.In:ZHOU Zhiyi,CHEN Peiji(eds.),Biostratigraphy and Geological Evolution of Tarim.Beijing:Science Press.62-139