多年冻土区青藏公路路基边界温度及计算模型研究
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摘要
温度边界是冻土工程模拟中重要的边界条件之一。依据青藏公路多年冻土段不同走向路基断面表层温度的连续观测数据,分析了青藏工程走廊内路基实测的边界温度特征。结果表明:走向为W8°S的断面阴阳坡温差最大为5.81℃,走向为W34°S的断面坡面温差为5.68℃,走向为W86°S度的断面坡面温差为1.38℃,说明高原上无论路基走向如何,路基两侧坡面都存在温度差异,因此,两侧必须采取差异设计,以减少路基温度的不对称。同时,根据路基接收太阳能辐射反演路面及边坡表面温度,提出了工程热边界的简化计算模型,并将模型计算结果与实测数据进行对比,两者吻合较好。
The temperature,which is the most important boundary condition for continuous action,is very close to the evaluation of thermal stability.Based on the observation data of the surface temperature(5 cm) in different section along Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor,boundary temperature characteristics are analyzed in the paper.According to the results,Thetemperature differences between north-faced and south-faced slope are5.81 ℃,5.68 ℃ and 1.38 ℃ with roadbed trends of W8° S,W34°S and W86° S,respectively,which indicating that there exist temperature differences between the north-faced and south-faced slope of the highway regardless of roadbed trend.Hence,the subgrade must take different designs on both sides of the embankment to reduce the asymmetry of temperature.Furthermore,based on retrieving the ground surface temperature by the surface absorption radiation,a simplified calculation model of engineering temperature boundary is proposed,which shows a good agreement with observation data and it can provide important boundary conditions for numerical simulation.
The temperature,which is the most important boundary condition for continuous action,is very close to the evaluation of thermal stability.Based on the observation data of the surface temperature(5 cm) in different section along Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor,boundary temperature characteristics are analyzed in the paper.According to the results,Thetemperature differences between north-faced and south-faced slope are5.81 ℃,5.68 ℃ and 1.38 ℃ with roadbed trends of W8° S,W34°S and W86° S,respectively,which indicating that there exist temperature differences between the north-faced and south-faced slope of the highway regardless of roadbed trend.Hence,the subgrade must take different designs on both sides of the embankment to reduce the asymmetry of temperature.Furthermore,based on retrieving the ground surface temperature by the surface absorption radiation,a simplified calculation model of engineering temperature boundary is proposed,which shows a good agreement with observation data and it can provide important boundary conditions for numerical simulation.
引文
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[9]Wang Keli,Cheng Guodong.Thermodynamic model of the ground surface and the roadbed surface along the Qinghai-Tibetan railw ay(I):physical process and experimental scheme[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(6):759-764.[王可丽,程国栋.青藏铁路沿线地表和路基表面热力学模式(I):物理过程与实验方案[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(6):759-764.]
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[11]Chou Yaling,Sheng Yu,Ma Wei.Calculation of difference in temperature betw een sunny slope and shady slope along railw ays in permafrost regions in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2007(S2):4102-4107.[丑亚玲,盛煜,马巍.青藏高原多年冻土区铁路路基阴阳坡表面温差的计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(S2):4102-4107.]
[12]Chou Yaling,Sheng Yu,Ma Wei,et al.Discussion on shallow ground temperature of embankment in permafrost regions on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Soil Engineering and Foundation,2008,22(1):44-47.[丑亚玲,盛煜,马巍,等.青藏高原多年冻土区路基表面浅层地温探讨[J].土工基础,2008,22(1):44-47.]
[13]Xia Lijiang,Zhou Guoqing,Liu Yuyi,et al.Analysis of solar radiation on embankment and surround permafrost surfaces in permafrost region based on shading theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2015,34(1):207-216.[夏利江,周国庆,刘宇翼,等.基于遮阳理论冻土区路基及周边冻土表面辐射分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):207-216.]
[14]Xia Lijiang,Zhou Guoqing,Liu Yuyi,et al.Analysis of solar radiation of bridgehead surfaces in permafrost region[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(1):435-440.[夏利江,周国庆,刘宇翼,等.多年冻土区桥头路基表面太阳辐射分析[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(1):435-440.]
[15]Hu Da,Yu Wenbing,Yi Xin,et al.Boundary temperature features of the embankment in Qumar River region along the Qinghai-Tibet transportation engineering corridor[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1332-1339.[胡达,喻文兵,易鑫,等.青藏工程走廊楚玛尔河高平原区路基边界温度特征[J].冰川冻土,2016.38(5):1332-1339.]
[16]Wu Ziwang,Cheng Guodong,Zhu Linnan,et al.Roadbed engineering in permafrost region[M].Lanzhou:Publishing House of Lanzhou University,1988.[吴紫汪,程国栋,朱林楠,等.冻土路基工程[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1988.]
[17]Wu Qingbai,Liu Yongzhi,Shi Bin,et al.Advance research on frozen engineering permafrost region along Qinghai-Xizang Plateau highw ay[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(1):55-61.[吴青柏,刘永智,施斌,等.青藏公路多年冻土区冻土工程研究新进展[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):55-61.]
[18]Wang Shuangjie,Huo Ming,Zhou Wenjing.Subgrade failure of Qinghai-Tebit highw ay in permafrost area[J].Highw ay,2004(5):24-28.[汪双杰,霍明,周文锦.青藏公路多年冻土路基病害[J].公路,2004(5):24-28.]
[19]Wu Qingbai,Niu Fujun.Permafrost changes and engineering stability in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(10):1079-1094.[吴青柏,牛富俊.青藏高原多年冻土变化与工程稳定性[J].科学通报,2013,58(2):115-130.]
[20]Laba Zhuoma,Pubu Guiji.Climate change and meteorological disasters in recent 40 years along the Qinghai Tibet Railw ay[J].Tibet Science and Technology,2007(6):66-68.[拉巴卓玛,普布贵吉.青藏铁路沿线近40年气候变化和气象灾害特征[J].西藏科技,2007(6):66-68.]
[21]Xia Lijiang.Research on solar radiation law and thermal boundary model of typical engineering in permafrost region[D].Xuzhou:China University of M ining and Technology,2015.[夏利江.多年冻土区典型工程太阳辐射规律及热边界模型研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.]
[22]Chu Chengmin,Ma Shangchang,Zhang Sujuan,et al.Summary of the study on land surface temperature measurement[J].International Electronic Elements,2014,22(6):187-189.[储呈敏,马尚昌,张素娟,等.地表温度测量方法研究综述[J].电子设计工程,2014,22(6):187-189.]
[23]Hu Mengling,You Qinglong,Lin Houbo.Comparative analyses of geopotential height and w ind field from multiple reanalysis data over the Tibetan plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(5):1229-1244.[胡梦玲,游庆龙,林厚博.青藏高原地区多套位势高度和风场再分析资料的对比分析[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1229-1244.]
[24]Qin Yanhui,Wu Tonghua,Li Ren,et al.The applicability of ERA-Interim land surface temperature dataset to map the permafrost distribution over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(6):1534-1543.[秦艳慧,吴通华,李韧,等.ERA-Interim地表温度数据集在青藏高原冻土分布制图应用的适用性评估[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(6):1534-1543.]
[2]Zhang Wengang,Li Shuxun,Wu Tonghua,et al.Changes of the differences betw een ground and air temperature over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2006,61(9):899-910.[张文纲,李述训,吴通华,等.青藏高原地气温差变化分析[J].地理学报,2006,61(9):899-910.]
[3]Li Dongliang,Zhong Hailing,Wu Qingbai,et al.Analyses on changes`of surface temperature over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau M eteorology,2005,13(3):285-299.[李栋梁,钟海玲,吴青柏,等.青藏高原地表温度的变化分析[J].高原气象,2005,13(3):285-299.]
[4]Jiang Hao,Cheng Guodong,Wang Keli.Analyzing and measuring the surface temperature of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Georhysics,2006,49(2):391-397.[江灏,程国栋,王可丽.青藏高原地表温度的比较分析[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(2):391-397.]
[5]Jiang Hao,Wang Keli.Effects of surface temperature and its taking values on atomospheric longw ave radiation cooling over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Plateau M eteorology,1997(3):250-257.[江灏,王可丽.青藏高原地区地表温度及其取值对大气长波辐射冷却的影响[J].高原气象,1997(3):250-257.]
[6]Li Shuxun,Wu Tonghua.The relationship between air temperature and ground temperature in the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(5):627-632.[李述训,吴通华.青藏高原地气温度之间的关系[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(5):627-632.]
[7]Hu Zeyong,Cheng Guodong,Gu Lianglei,et al.Calculating method of global radiation and temperature on the roadbed surface of Qinghai-Xizang railw ay[J].Advances in Earth Science,2006,21(12):1304-1313.[胡泽勇,程国栋,谷良雷,等.青藏铁路路基表面太阳总辐射和温度反演方法[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(12):1304-1313.]
[8]Hu Zeyong,Qian Zeyu,Cheng Guodong,et al.Infuluence of solar on embankment surface thermal regime of the Qinghai-Xizang railw ay[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002(2):121-128.[胡泽勇,钱泽雨,程国栋,等.太阳辐射对青藏铁路路基表面热状况的影响[J].冰川冻土,2002(2):121-128.]
[9]Wang Keli,Cheng Guodong.Thermodynamic model of the ground surface and the roadbed surface along the Qinghai-Tibetan railw ay(I):physical process and experimental scheme[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2002,24(6):759-764.[王可丽,程国栋.青藏铁路沿线地表和路基表面热力学模式(I):物理过程与实验方案[J].冰川冻土,2002,24(6):759-764.]
[10]Wang Keli,Cheng Guodong,Jiang Hao,et al.Thermodynamic model of the ground surface and the roadbed surface along the Qinghai-Tibetan railw ay(II):results in the Cloud-Free condition[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2004,26(2):171-176.[王可丽,程国栋,江灏,等.青藏铁路沿线地表和路基表面热力学模式(II):无云大气条件下模拟试验结果分析[J].冰川冻土,2004,26(2):171-176.]
[11]Chou Yaling,Sheng Yu,Ma Wei.Calculation of difference in temperature betw een sunny slope and shady slope along railw ays in permafrost regions in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2007(S2):4102-4107.[丑亚玲,盛煜,马巍.青藏高原多年冻土区铁路路基阴阳坡表面温差的计算[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007(S2):4102-4107.]
[12]Chou Yaling,Sheng Yu,Ma Wei,et al.Discussion on shallow ground temperature of embankment in permafrost regions on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Soil Engineering and Foundation,2008,22(1):44-47.[丑亚玲,盛煜,马巍,等.青藏高原多年冻土区路基表面浅层地温探讨[J].土工基础,2008,22(1):44-47.]
[13]Xia Lijiang,Zhou Guoqing,Liu Yuyi,et al.Analysis of solar radiation on embankment and surround permafrost surfaces in permafrost region based on shading theory[J].Chinese Journal of Rock M echanics and Engineering,2015,34(1):207-216.[夏利江,周国庆,刘宇翼,等.基于遮阳理论冻土区路基及周边冻土表面辐射分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(1):207-216.]
[14]Xia Lijiang,Zhou Guoqing,Liu Yuyi,et al.Analysis of solar radiation of bridgehead surfaces in permafrost region[J].Progress in Geophysics,2015,30(1):435-440.[夏利江,周国庆,刘宇翼,等.多年冻土区桥头路基表面太阳辐射分析[J].地球物理学进展,2015,30(1):435-440.]
[15]Hu Da,Yu Wenbing,Yi Xin,et al.Boundary temperature features of the embankment in Qumar River region along the Qinghai-Tibet transportation engineering corridor[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2016,38(5):1332-1339.[胡达,喻文兵,易鑫,等.青藏工程走廊楚玛尔河高平原区路基边界温度特征[J].冰川冻土,2016.38(5):1332-1339.]
[16]Wu Ziwang,Cheng Guodong,Zhu Linnan,et al.Roadbed engineering in permafrost region[M].Lanzhou:Publishing House of Lanzhou University,1988.[吴紫汪,程国栋,朱林楠,等.冻土路基工程[M].兰州:兰州大学出版社,1988.]
[17]Wu Qingbai,Liu Yongzhi,Shi Bin,et al.Advance research on frozen engineering permafrost region along Qinghai-Xizang Plateau highw ay[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2002,10(1):55-61.[吴青柏,刘永智,施斌,等.青藏公路多年冻土区冻土工程研究新进展[J].工程地质学报,2002,10(1):55-61.]
[18]Wang Shuangjie,Huo Ming,Zhou Wenjing.Subgrade failure of Qinghai-Tebit highw ay in permafrost area[J].Highw ay,2004(5):24-28.[汪双杰,霍明,周文锦.青藏公路多年冻土路基病害[J].公路,2004(5):24-28.]
[19]Wu Qingbai,Niu Fujun.Permafrost changes and engineering stability in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2013,58(10):1079-1094.[吴青柏,牛富俊.青藏高原多年冻土变化与工程稳定性[J].科学通报,2013,58(2):115-130.]
[20]Laba Zhuoma,Pubu Guiji.Climate change and meteorological disasters in recent 40 years along the Qinghai Tibet Railw ay[J].Tibet Science and Technology,2007(6):66-68.[拉巴卓玛,普布贵吉.青藏铁路沿线近40年气候变化和气象灾害特征[J].西藏科技,2007(6):66-68.]
[21]Xia Lijiang.Research on solar radiation law and thermal boundary model of typical engineering in permafrost region[D].Xuzhou:China University of M ining and Technology,2015.[夏利江.多年冻土区典型工程太阳辐射规律及热边界模型研究[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2015.]
[22]Chu Chengmin,Ma Shangchang,Zhang Sujuan,et al.Summary of the study on land surface temperature measurement[J].International Electronic Elements,2014,22(6):187-189.[储呈敏,马尚昌,张素娟,等.地表温度测量方法研究综述[J].电子设计工程,2014,22(6):187-189.]
[23]Hu Mengling,You Qinglong,Lin Houbo.Comparative analyses of geopotential height and w ind field from multiple reanalysis data over the Tibetan plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(5):1229-1244.[胡梦玲,游庆龙,林厚博.青藏高原地区多套位势高度和风场再分析资料的对比分析[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(5):1229-1244.]
[24]Qin Yanhui,Wu Tonghua,Li Ren,et al.The applicability of ERA-Interim land surface temperature dataset to map the permafrost distribution over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2015,37(6):1534-1543.[秦艳慧,吴通华,李韧,等.ERA-Interim地表温度数据集在青藏高原冻土分布制图应用的适用性评估[J].冰川冻土,2015,37(6):1534-1543.]