鼻韵母元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响
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摘要
本文设计三个实验考察鼻韵母中元音对汉语普通话鼻韵母感知的影响。实验一为自然音节的鼻音尾听辨实验,通过分析三组鼻韵母音节(分别是/an/-/a?/、/?n/-/??/和/in/-/i?/)的知觉正确率和反应时,发现三组鼻韵母音节的知觉难度依次是/i/组>/?/组>/a/组;实验二为前后鼻音连续统的听辨实验,通过计算三组鼻韵母音节的范畴感知边界,发现/i/组和/?/组的范畴感知边界非常接近,两者与/a/组均具有显著性差异;实验三采用/i/组和/?/组鼻韵母音节进行快速知觉分类实验,进一步探讨元音和鼻音尾在鼻韵母感知过程中的信息加工模式,结果发现两者属于整合型加工模式。
The paper designed three experiments to investigate the influence of vowels on the perception of nasal codas by Mandarin subjects. The first experiment was an identification task based on natural syllables with nasal codas. By calculating the response accuracy rate and reaction time, we found that the degree of perception difficulty among three groups of syllables with nasal codas was/i/>/?/>/a/. The second experiment was an identification task with a continua of three nasal codas. The results showed that the category boundaries of/i/and/?/were very close to each other, while both had significant differences from/a/. The third experiment employed the stimuli of/i/and/?/to conduct speeded classification task, and the results showed that the vowel and nasal coda demonstrated an integral interference effect during the perceptual process of nasal finals.
The paper designed three experiments to investigate the influence of vowels on the perception of nasal codas by Mandarin subjects. The first experiment was an identification task based on natural syllables with nasal codas. By calculating the response accuracy rate and reaction time, we found that the degree of perception difficulty among three groups of syllables with nasal codas was/i/>/?/>/a/. The second experiment was an identification task with a continua of three nasal codas. The results showed that the category boundaries of/i/and/?/were very close to each other, while both had significant differences from/a/. The third experiment employed the stimuli of/i/and/?/to conduct speeded classification task, and the results showed that the vowel and nasal coda demonstrated an integral interference effect during the perceptual process of nasal finals.
引文
董玉国 1997 对日本学生鼻韵母音的教学,《世界汉语教学》第4期。
郭蕾、李永宏、于洪志2010 普通话单音节鼻化元音的实验分析,第九届中国语音学学术会议(南开大学,2010年5月28-30日)论文。
黄伯荣、廖序东主编2007 《现代汉语》(增订四版),高等教育出版社。
李艳萍、曹冲、解焱陆、张劲松2017 日本学生汉语普通话鼻音韵母知觉训练初探,第十四届全国人机语音通讯学术会议(淮海工学院,2017年10月11-13日)论文。
李艳萍、解焱陆、冯罗多、张劲松2016 基于连续统的汉语普通话前后鼻音关键声学线索初探,《中国语音学报》第7辑。
林茂灿、颜景助1994 普通话带鼻尾零声母音节中的协同发音,《应用声学》第1期。
时秀娟、冉启斌、石锋2010 北京话响音鼻化度的初步分析,《当代语言学》第4期。
汪航2012 日本留学生对汉语普通话鼻音尾韵母的知觉,北京语言大学硕士学位论文。
王理嘉主编1991 《音系学基础》,语文出版社。
王韫佳2001 日本学习者感知和产生普通话鼻音韵母的实验研究,《世界汉语教学》第2期。
王祖燕、张劲松2014 元音部分对中日被试鼻韵母的知觉影响的研究,第九届中文口语语言处理国际会议(新加坡,2014 +年9月12-14日)论文。
吴菲2016 汉语第一、二语言学习者鼻音感知过程实验研究,《语言科学》第3期。
Eimas,Peter D.& Joanne L.Miller 1980 Discrimination of information for manner of articulation.Infant Behavior and Development 3:367-375.
Garner,Wendell R.1976 Integration of stimulus dimensions in concept and choice processes.Cognitive Psychology 8(1):98-123.
Lee,Lisa & Howard C.Nusbaum 1993 Interactions between segmental and suprasegmental information in native speakers of English and Mandarin Chinese.Perception & Psychophysics 53(2):157-165.
Larkey,Leah S.,Jerry Wald & Winifred Strange 1987 Perception of synthetic nasal consonants in initial and final syllable position.Perception & Psychophysics 23(4):299-312.
Lin,Mengxi & Alexander L.Francis 2014 Effects of language experience and expectations on attention to consonants and tones in English and Mandarin Chinese.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136(5):2827-2838.
Mirman,Daniel,Lori L.Holt & James L.McClelland 2004 Categorization and discrimination of nonspeech sounds:differences between steady-state and rapidly-changing acoustic cues.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116(2):1198-1207.
Pisoni,David B.1973 Auditory and phonetic memory codes in the discrimination of consonants and vowels.Perception and Psychophysics 13(2):253-260.
Repp,Bruno H.& Hwei-Bing Lin 1990 Integration of segmental and tonal information in speech perception:a cross-linguistic study.Journal of Phonetics 18(4):481-495.
Tong,Yunxia,Alexander L.Francis & Jackson T.Gandour 2008 Processing dependencies between segmental and suprasegmental features in Mandarin Chinese.Language and Cognitive Processes 23 (5):689-708.
Tse,Kwock-ping 1992 Production and perception of syllable final [n] and [?] in Mandarin Chinese:An experiment study.Studies in English Literature & Linguistics 18:143-156.
郭蕾、李永宏、于洪志2010 普通话单音节鼻化元音的实验分析,第九届中国语音学学术会议(南开大学,2010年5月28-30日)论文。
黄伯荣、廖序东主编2007 《现代汉语》(增订四版),高等教育出版社。
李艳萍、曹冲、解焱陆、张劲松2017 日本学生汉语普通话鼻音韵母知觉训练初探,第十四届全国人机语音通讯学术会议(淮海工学院,2017年10月11-13日)论文。
李艳萍、解焱陆、冯罗多、张劲松2016 基于连续统的汉语普通话前后鼻音关键声学线索初探,《中国语音学报》第7辑。
林茂灿、颜景助1994 普通话带鼻尾零声母音节中的协同发音,《应用声学》第1期。
时秀娟、冉启斌、石锋2010 北京话响音鼻化度的初步分析,《当代语言学》第4期。
汪航2012 日本留学生对汉语普通话鼻音尾韵母的知觉,北京语言大学硕士学位论文。
王理嘉主编1991 《音系学基础》,语文出版社。
王韫佳2001 日本学习者感知和产生普通话鼻音韵母的实验研究,《世界汉语教学》第2期。
王祖燕、张劲松2014 元音部分对中日被试鼻韵母的知觉影响的研究,第九届中文口语语言处理国际会议(新加坡,2014 +年9月12-14日)论文。
吴菲2016 汉语第一、二语言学习者鼻音感知过程实验研究,《语言科学》第3期。
Eimas,Peter D.& Joanne L.Miller 1980 Discrimination of information for manner of articulation.Infant Behavior and Development 3:367-375.
Garner,Wendell R.1976 Integration of stimulus dimensions in concept and choice processes.Cognitive Psychology 8(1):98-123.
Lee,Lisa & Howard C.Nusbaum 1993 Interactions between segmental and suprasegmental information in native speakers of English and Mandarin Chinese.Perception & Psychophysics 53(2):157-165.
Larkey,Leah S.,Jerry Wald & Winifred Strange 1987 Perception of synthetic nasal consonants in initial and final syllable position.Perception & Psychophysics 23(4):299-312.
Lin,Mengxi & Alexander L.Francis 2014 Effects of language experience and expectations on attention to consonants and tones in English and Mandarin Chinese.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 136(5):2827-2838.
Mirman,Daniel,Lori L.Holt & James L.McClelland 2004 Categorization and discrimination of nonspeech sounds:differences between steady-state and rapidly-changing acoustic cues.Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 116(2):1198-1207.
Pisoni,David B.1973 Auditory and phonetic memory codes in the discrimination of consonants and vowels.Perception and Psychophysics 13(2):253-260.
Repp,Bruno H.& Hwei-Bing Lin 1990 Integration of segmental and tonal information in speech perception:a cross-linguistic study.Journal of Phonetics 18(4):481-495.
Tong,Yunxia,Alexander L.Francis & Jackson T.Gandour 2008 Processing dependencies between segmental and suprasegmental features in Mandarin Chinese.Language and Cognitive Processes 23 (5):689-708.
Tse,Kwock-ping 1992 Production and perception of syllable final [n] and [?] in Mandarin Chinese:An experiment study.Studies in English Literature & Linguistics 18:143-156.