传统村落景观基因识别及其特征分析——以张谷英村为例
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摘要
随着社会经济的快速发展,我国对传统村落的保护越来越重视。在研究传统村落保护过程中,景观基因理论提供了新的视角和方法。该文运用聚落景观基因识别提取技术,构建了六大类十八小类景观基因识别提取指标,并从建筑、布局、文化、环境四个方面,对张谷英村进行景观基因特征分析。分析结果表明:(1)张谷英村建筑朴实耐用、色彩简洁大气,结构以砖木为主,整体呈线性布局。(2)张谷英村以宗族血缘为基础、以儒家文化为规范、以神灵祖先崇拜为寄托,形成了一套独特的湘北聚居文化。(3)张谷英村选址与环境营造秉承靠山面水建屋,傍水环水结村这一原则,打造出了"看得见山,望得见水,留得住乡愁"的诗意栖居。该文对张谷英村景观基因的研究为后续相关研究提供了一定的借鉴意义。
With the rapid economic and technological development,the protection of traditional villages is paid more and more attention in China.In the process of research on protection of traditional villages,the landscape gene theory provides new perspective and methods.Using technical of landscape gene identification and extraction,this paper constructs the indexes of landscape gene identification and extraction which contains six categories and eighteen subcategories,then analysis the landscape genetic features of Zhang Guying village from the aspects of architecture,layouts,culture and environment.The results show that:First,the buildings of Zhang Guying village are simple and durable,with concise and easy color,and the structure is mainly bricks and woods.Overall layout is linear.Second,based on phyla and kinship,taking Confucian culture as norm and depending worship of the gods and ancestors as Zhang Guying villages has formulated a unique settlement culture of northern Hunan.Third,the location and environment construction of Zhang Guying villages comply with the rules of building houses near the mountain and by the river,formulating villages surrounded by the waters.So that to create poetic dwellings of "seeing mountains,seeing waters,and keeping nostalgia.".The research on landscape gene in Zhang Guying Village provides some references for the future relative researches.
With the rapid economic and technological development,the protection of traditional villages is paid more and more attention in China.In the process of research on protection of traditional villages,the landscape gene theory provides new perspective and methods.Using technical of landscape gene identification and extraction,this paper constructs the indexes of landscape gene identification and extraction which contains six categories and eighteen subcategories,then analysis the landscape genetic features of Zhang Guying village from the aspects of architecture,layouts,culture and environment.The results show that:First,the buildings of Zhang Guying village are simple and durable,with concise and easy color,and the structure is mainly bricks and woods.Overall layout is linear.Second,based on phyla and kinship,taking Confucian culture as norm and depending worship of the gods and ancestors as Zhang Guying villages has formulated a unique settlement culture of northern Hunan.Third,the location and environment construction of Zhang Guying villages comply with the rules of building houses near the mountain and by the river,formulating villages surrounded by the waters.So that to create poetic dwellings of "seeing mountains,seeing waters,and keeping nostalgia.".The research on landscape gene in Zhang Guying Village provides some references for the future relative researches.
引文
[1]杨立国,林琳,刘沛林,等.少数民族传统聚落景观基因的居民感知与认同特征:以通道芋头侗寨为例[J].人文地理,2014,29(6):60-66.
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[5]辛福森,黄成林,尹寿兵.徽州传统聚落景观基因识别及其分析[J].黄山学院学报,2012,14(1):35-39.
[6]翟洲燕,李同昇,常芳,等.陕西传统村落文化遗产景观基因识别[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(9):1067-1080.
[7]彭黎,余凌云,邱大平.坪坦河流域侗族传统聚落景观基因识别与采集研究[J].怀化学院学报,2017,36(4):1-7.
[8]曹帅强,贺建丹,邓运员.基于GIS的非物质文化遗产景观基因识别与表达:以湖南省为例[J].云南地理环境研究,2016,28(4):8-14.
[9]杨立国,刘沛林,王琳.传统村落景观基因在地方认同建构中的作用效应:以侗族村寨为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(5):593-598.
[10]胡最,郑文武,刘沛林,等.湖南省传统聚落景观基因组图谱的空间形态与结构特征[J].地理学报,2018,73(2):317-332.
[11]邓运员,杨柳,刘沛林.景观基因视角的湖南省古村镇文化特质及其保护价值[J].经济地理,2011,31(9):l552-l557,l584.
[12]刘一曼,李伯华,周鑫,等.基于空间句法的传统村落空间形态与优化研究:以张谷英村为例[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(11):1289-1294.
[13]李伯华,陈淑燕,刘一曼,等.旅游发展对传统村落人居环境影响的居民感知研究:以张谷英村为例[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(5):604-608.
[14]曹帅强,邓运员,杨载田,等.客家文化景观基因特征:以湖南省炎陵县为例[J].热带地理,2014,34(6):831-841.
[15]杨立国,刘小兰.侗族传统村落景观基因认知的空间特征:以贵州肇兴侗寨为例[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(9):1123-1126.
[2]刘沛林.古村落文化景观的基因表达与景观识别[J].衡阳师范学院学报,2003,24(4):1-8.
[3]刘沛林.家园的景观与基因:传统聚落景观基因图谱的深层解读[M].北京:商务印书馆,2014:235-265.
[4]胡最,刘沛林,曹帅强.湖南省传统聚落景观基因的空间特征[J].地理学报,2013,68(2):219-231.
[5]辛福森,黄成林,尹寿兵.徽州传统聚落景观基因识别及其分析[J].黄山学院学报,2012,14(1):35-39.
[6]翟洲燕,李同昇,常芳,等.陕西传统村落文化遗产景观基因识别[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(9):1067-1080.
[7]彭黎,余凌云,邱大平.坪坦河流域侗族传统聚落景观基因识别与采集研究[J].怀化学院学报,2017,36(4):1-7.
[8]曹帅强,贺建丹,邓运员.基于GIS的非物质文化遗产景观基因识别与表达:以湖南省为例[J].云南地理环境研究,2016,28(4):8-14.
[9]杨立国,刘沛林,王琳.传统村落景观基因在地方认同建构中的作用效应:以侗族村寨为例[J].地理科学,2015,35(5):593-598.
[10]胡最,郑文武,刘沛林,等.湖南省传统聚落景观基因组图谱的空间形态与结构特征[J].地理学报,2018,73(2):317-332.
[11]邓运员,杨柳,刘沛林.景观基因视角的湖南省古村镇文化特质及其保护价值[J].经济地理,2011,31(9):l552-l557,l584.
[12]刘一曼,李伯华,周鑫,等.基于空间句法的传统村落空间形态与优化研究:以张谷英村为例[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(11):1289-1294.
[13]李伯华,陈淑燕,刘一曼,等.旅游发展对传统村落人居环境影响的居民感知研究:以张谷英村为例[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(5):604-608.
[14]曹帅强,邓运员,杨载田,等.客家文化景观基因特征:以湖南省炎陵县为例[J].热带地理,2014,34(6):831-841.
[15]杨立国,刘小兰.侗族传统村落景观基因认知的空间特征:以贵州肇兴侗寨为例[J].资源开发与市场,2017,33(9):1123-1126.