基于景观安全格局理论的宜兴市生态用地分类保护
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摘要
生态用地是区域生态服务功能的主要供给者,对控制区域生态环境起到关键作用,开展生态用地分类与保护,对实现经济与生态协调发展、保障区域生态安全具有重要意义。以江苏省宜兴市为例,基于前人对于生态用地分类与土地利用现状分类衔接研究成果,提取土地利用现状中的生态用地,借助景观安全格局理论方法,通过系统分析水土保持、生物多样性保护、乡土文化遗产保护以及自然景观保护4个与生态用地相关的重要生态过程,运用最小累积阻力模型构建区域综合景观安全格局,并将综合景观安全格局与现状生态用地进行叠加,得到低安全水平、较低安全水平、中等安全水平以及高安全水平4种类型的生态用地,各类型面积分别占研究区生态用地总面积的32.07%、44.38%、22.07%以及1.48%,针对不同等级的不同生态用地类型,提出了划定禁止建设区、防止水体污染、建设高标准基本农田等针对性的保护措施与对策。研究结果为宜兴市的土地利用规划与管理、城市可持续发展等提供决策依据,为其他类似地区生态用地保护规划编制提供参考。
Ecological land is a major supplier of ecosystem services,and plays a key role in controlling regional ecoenvironmental quality. Protection of ecological land significantly promotes the sustainable development of society,the economy,ecology,and regional ecological security. The present research used Yixing city as a case study area,which is located in the southern part of Jiangsu Province. Firstly,following previous research into the relationships between ecological land use classification and current land use classification,the vector data for ecological land were acquired from the current land use vector data for Yixing. Secondly,the landscape security pattern theory and the model of minimum cumulative resistance were used to construct a comprehensive landscape security pattern after systematic analysis of the soil and water conservation,biodiversity protection,vernacular culture protection,and natural landscape protection processes related to ecological land. The overall landscape was then classified into four grades. Finally,the comprehensive landscape security pattern and the current ecological land maps were overlaid. The current ecological land areas were classified into lower,low,middle,and high security pattern levels,and these areas covered 50528.29 hm~2,69942.53 hm~2,34777.44 hm~2 and2335.07 hm~2,respectively,which accounted for 32.07%,44.38%,22.07%,and 1.48% of the total ecological land area,respectively. In the lower security pattern level ecological land,forest land and cultivated land,located in the southern hilly area,were the priority use types. In the low security pattern level ecological land,cultivated land,and water surrounding the city were the priority use types. In the middle security pattern level ecological land,water and cultivated land that was away from the city were the priority use types,and in the high security pattern level ecological land,water that was located far from the west bank of Taihu Lake was the only land use type. This study makes recommendations for improving ecological land based on the condition of the different land use types found in the ecological land areas. Identifying the landscape security pattern levels for ecological land and giving priority to protecting ecological land are the main approaches used to expand ecological land in urban construction areas in regions that are undergoing accelerated urbanization. This study provides scientific guidance that will aid urban sustainable development decision making,and land use planning and management in Yixing. It also provides scientific methods for ecological land planning that could be used in other areas with similar land conditions.
Ecological land is a major supplier of ecosystem services,and plays a key role in controlling regional ecoenvironmental quality. Protection of ecological land significantly promotes the sustainable development of society,the economy,ecology,and regional ecological security. The present research used Yixing city as a case study area,which is located in the southern part of Jiangsu Province. Firstly,following previous research into the relationships between ecological land use classification and current land use classification,the vector data for ecological land were acquired from the current land use vector data for Yixing. Secondly,the landscape security pattern theory and the model of minimum cumulative resistance were used to construct a comprehensive landscape security pattern after systematic analysis of the soil and water conservation,biodiversity protection,vernacular culture protection,and natural landscape protection processes related to ecological land. The overall landscape was then classified into four grades. Finally,the comprehensive landscape security pattern and the current ecological land maps were overlaid. The current ecological land areas were classified into lower,low,middle,and high security pattern levels,and these areas covered 50528.29 hm~2,69942.53 hm~2,34777.44 hm~2 and2335.07 hm~2,respectively,which accounted for 32.07%,44.38%,22.07%,and 1.48% of the total ecological land area,respectively. In the lower security pattern level ecological land,forest land and cultivated land,located in the southern hilly area,were the priority use types. In the low security pattern level ecological land,cultivated land,and water surrounding the city were the priority use types. In the middle security pattern level ecological land,water and cultivated land that was away from the city were the priority use types,and in the high security pattern level ecological land,water that was located far from the west bank of Taihu Lake was the only land use type. This study makes recommendations for improving ecological land based on the condition of the different land use types found in the ecological land areas. Identifying the landscape security pattern levels for ecological land and giving priority to protecting ecological land are the main approaches used to expand ecological land in urban construction areas in regions that are undergoing accelerated urbanization. This study provides scientific guidance that will aid urban sustainable development decision making,and land use planning and management in Yixing. It also provides scientific methods for ecological land planning that could be used in other areas with similar land conditions.
引文
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[12]谢花林,李秀彬.基于GIS的区域关键性生态用地空间结构识别方法探讨.资源科学,2011,33(1):112-119.
[13]谢花林.基于Logistic回归模型的区域生态用地演变影响因素分析—以京津冀地区为例.资源科学,2011,33(11):2063-2070.
[14]李锋,叶亚平,宋博文,王如松.城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变——以常州市为例.生态学报,2011,31(19):5623-5631.
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[18]李晖,易娜,姚文璟,王思琪,李志英,杨树华.基于景观安全格局的香格里拉县生态用地规划.生态学报,2011,31(20):5928-5936.
[19]彭建,汪安,刘焱序,马晶,吴健生.城市生态用地需求测算研究进展与展望.地理学报,2015,70(2):333-346.
[20]吴健生,刘洪萌,黄秀兰,冯喆.深圳市生态用地景观连通性动态评价.应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2543-2549.
[21]胡海龙,曾永年,张鸿辉,马昕炜.多智能体与蚁群算法结合选址模型:长沙市生态用地选址.资源科学,2011,33(6):1211-1217.
[22]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局.生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.
[23]苏泳娴,张虹鸥,陈修治,黄光庆,叶玉瑶,吴旗韬,黄宁生,匡耀求.佛山市高明区生态安全格局和建设用地扩展预案.生态学报,2013,33(5):1524-1534.
[24]俞孔坚,游鸿,许立言,袁弘.北京市住宅用地开发压力与城市扩张预景——基于阻力面的分析.地理学报,2012,31(7):1173-1184.
[25]王思易,欧名豪.基于景观安全格局的建设用地管制分区.生态学报,2013,33(14):4425-4435.
[26]文博,刘友兆,夏敏.基于景观安全格局的农村居民点用地布局优化.农业工程学报,2014,30(8):181-191.
[27]王娇,程维明,祁生林,周成虎,张文杰,仝迟鸣.基于USLE和GIS的水土流失敏感性空间分析——以河北太行山区为例.地理研究,2014,33(4):614-624.
[28]Knaapen J P,Scheffer M,Harms B.Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning.Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):1-16.
[29]Yu K J.Security patterns and surface model in landscape ecological planning.Landscape and Urban Planning,1996,36(1):1-17.
[30]李潇然,李阳兵,王永艳,邵景安.三峡库区县域景观生态安全格局识别与功能分区——以奉节县为例.生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1959-1967.
[31]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,郑度,李双成.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估.自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[2]俞孔坚,乔青,李迪华,袁弘,王思思.基于景观安全格局分析的生态用地研究——以北京市东三乡为例.应用生态学报,2009,20(8):1932-1939.
[3]肖笃宁,陈文波,郭福良.论生态安全的基本概念和研究内容.应用生态学报,2002,13(3):354-358.
[4]De Fries R S,Foley J A,Asner G P.Land-use choices:balancing human needs and ecosystem function.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2004,2(5):249-257.
[5]周锐,王新军,苏海龙,娄翼来.平顶山新区生态用地的识别与安全格局构建.生态学报,2015,35(6):2003-2012.
[6]刘昕,谷雨,邓红兵.江西省生态用地保护重要性评价研究.中国环境科学,2010,30(5):716-720.
[7]邓小文,孙贻超,韩士杰.城市生态用地分类及其规划的一般原则.应用生态学报,2005,16(10):2003-2006.
[8]邓红兵,陈春娣,刘昕,吴钢.区域生态用地的概念及分类.生态学报,2009,29(3):1519-1524.
[9]喻锋,李晓波,张丽君,徐卫华,符蓉,王宏.中国生态用地研究:内涵、分类与时空格局.生态学报,2015,35(14):4931-4943.
[10]龙花楼,刘永强,李婷婷,王静,刘爱霞.生态用地分类初步研究.生态环境学报,2015,24(1):1-7.
[11]周锐,胡远满,王新军,苏海龙,王燚.快速城镇化地区生态用地演变及驱动力分析.长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(6):1012-1020.
[12]谢花林,李秀彬.基于GIS的区域关键性生态用地空间结构识别方法探讨.资源科学,2011,33(1):112-119.
[13]谢花林.基于Logistic回归模型的区域生态用地演变影响因素分析—以京津冀地区为例.资源科学,2011,33(11):2063-2070.
[14]李锋,叶亚平,宋博文,王如松.城市生态用地的空间结构及其生态系统服务动态演变——以常州市为例.生态学报,2011,31(19):5623-5631.
[15]俞孔坚,王思思,李迪华,李春波.北京市生态安全格局及城市增长预景.生态学报,2009,29(3):1189-1204.
[16]欧阳志云,李小马,徐卫华,李煜珊,郑华,王效科.北京市生态用地规划与管理对策.生态学报,2015,35(11):3778-3787.
[17]张林波,李伟涛,王维,熊严军.基于GIS的城市最小生态用地空间分析模型研究——以深圳市为例.自然资源学报,2008,23(1):69-78.
[18]李晖,易娜,姚文璟,王思琪,李志英,杨树华.基于景观安全格局的香格里拉县生态用地规划.生态学报,2011,31(20):5928-5936.
[19]彭建,汪安,刘焱序,马晶,吴健生.城市生态用地需求测算研究进展与展望.地理学报,2015,70(2):333-346.
[20]吴健生,刘洪萌,黄秀兰,冯喆.深圳市生态用地景观连通性动态评价.应用生态学报,2012,23(9):2543-2549.
[21]胡海龙,曾永年,张鸿辉,马昕炜.多智能体与蚁群算法结合选址模型:长沙市生态用地选址.资源科学,2011,33(6):1211-1217.
[22]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局.生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.
[23]苏泳娴,张虹鸥,陈修治,黄光庆,叶玉瑶,吴旗韬,黄宁生,匡耀求.佛山市高明区生态安全格局和建设用地扩展预案.生态学报,2013,33(5):1524-1534.
[24]俞孔坚,游鸿,许立言,袁弘.北京市住宅用地开发压力与城市扩张预景——基于阻力面的分析.地理学报,2012,31(7):1173-1184.
[25]王思易,欧名豪.基于景观安全格局的建设用地管制分区.生态学报,2013,33(14):4425-4435.
[26]文博,刘友兆,夏敏.基于景观安全格局的农村居民点用地布局优化.农业工程学报,2014,30(8):181-191.
[27]王娇,程维明,祁生林,周成虎,张文杰,仝迟鸣.基于USLE和GIS的水土流失敏感性空间分析——以河北太行山区为例.地理研究,2014,33(4):614-624.
[28]Knaapen J P,Scheffer M,Harms B.Estimating habitat isolation in landscape planning.Landscape and Urban Planning,1992,23(1):1-16.
[29]Yu K J.Security patterns and surface model in landscape ecological planning.Landscape and Urban Planning,1996,36(1):1-17.
[30]李潇然,李阳兵,王永艳,邵景安.三峡库区县域景观生态安全格局识别与功能分区——以奉节县为例.生态学杂志,2015,34(7):1959-1967.
[31]谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,郑度,李双成.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估.自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.