普安县不同岩组类型对区域土壤侵蚀景观格局的影响
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摘要
以普安县白云岩、石灰岩、砂页岩和玄武岩等不同岩组区域的土壤侵蚀景观作为研究对象,基于ArcGIS软件中Spatial Analysis拓展模块空间分析技术及景观生态学中的景观格局空间分析方法,从宏观空间尺度上研究了不同岩组类型对区域土壤侵蚀景观格局的影响。结果表明:普安县岩组分布特征是以白云岩为主,其次是石灰岩,砂页岩和玄武岩面积较少;石灰岩区总体侵蚀程度不高,但是局部侵蚀较为严重。普安县土壤侵蚀景观格局特征表现为:微度侵蚀是4种地层岩组土壤侵蚀景观的景观基质,微度侵蚀景观斑块在空间分布上集中连片、异质性低、均匀度指数高,极强度侵蚀与剧烈侵蚀最大面积比例与斑块面积都是最小,斑块在空间分布上距离都较远且及其破碎,连通性较低。普安县不同岩组土壤侵蚀景观格局存在差异,白云岩区景观最为破碎,具有较高的异质性;石灰岩区侵蚀斑块分布较为集中;玄武岩区具有最高的多样性,斑块间的信息交流最为频繁。
This study took the soil erosion landscapes of different petrofabric types in dolomite, limestone, sand shale, and basalt in Pu′an County as the research objects. Based on the module spatial analysis technology developed by spatial analysis in ArcGIS software and landscape pattern spatial analysis methods in landscape ecology, we examined the effects of different petrofabric types on the landscape pattern of regional soil erosion from the macroscopic spatial scale. The results show that: the distribution patterns of petrofabric in Pu′an County are dominated by dolomite, followed by limestone, and shale and basalt are less in area; the overall degree of erosion is not high in the limestone area, but the local erosion is more serious; the characteristics of landscape patterns of soil erosion in Pu′an County are as followings, slight erosion is a landscape matrix of soil erosion landscapes in four kinds of stratigraphic petrofabric, the patches of slight erosion landscape concentrate among the spatial distribution with low heterogeneity and high uniformity index, the maximum area percentages of extremely intensive erosion and intensive erosion, and patch area are the smallest, the patches are far apart and broken in space distribution, and the connectivity is low; the landscape patterns of soil erosion in different petrofabrics in Pu′an County are different, the landscape in the dolomite region is the most fragmented and has a high heterogeneity; the distribution of erosion patches in the limestone region is more concentrated; the basalt region has the highest diversity, and the exchange of information between the patches is most frequent.
This study took the soil erosion landscapes of different petrofabric types in dolomite, limestone, sand shale, and basalt in Pu′an County as the research objects. Based on the module spatial analysis technology developed by spatial analysis in ArcGIS software and landscape pattern spatial analysis methods in landscape ecology, we examined the effects of different petrofabric types on the landscape pattern of regional soil erosion from the macroscopic spatial scale. The results show that: the distribution patterns of petrofabric in Pu′an County are dominated by dolomite, followed by limestone, and shale and basalt are less in area; the overall degree of erosion is not high in the limestone area, but the local erosion is more serious; the characteristics of landscape patterns of soil erosion in Pu′an County are as followings, slight erosion is a landscape matrix of soil erosion landscapes in four kinds of stratigraphic petrofabric, the patches of slight erosion landscape concentrate among the spatial distribution with low heterogeneity and high uniformity index, the maximum area percentages of extremely intensive erosion and intensive erosion, and patch area are the smallest, the patches are far apart and broken in space distribution, and the connectivity is low; the landscape patterns of soil erosion in different petrofabrics in Pu′an County are different, the landscape in the dolomite region is the most fragmented and has a high heterogeneity; the distribution of erosion patches in the limestone region is more concentrated; the basalt region has the highest diversity, and the exchange of information between the patches is most frequent.
引文
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[3]孟庆华,傅伯杰.景观格局与土壤养分流动[J].水土保持学报,2000,14(3):116-121.
[4]傅博杰,陈利顶,王军.土地利用结构与生态过程[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(3):247-255.
[5]刘立文,邢立新,郭青霞,等.基于景观格局分析的土壤侵蚀时空关系研究[J].科学技术与工程,2013,13(25):7443-7449.
[6]朱惇,韩小波,李超.基于景观空间格局分析的土壤侵蚀时空演变研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(5):71-74.
[7]杨翠林.农牧交错带小流域景观格局与土壤侵蚀耦合关系研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2008.
[8]杨泽.兴县土壤侵蚀及景观格局研究[D].山西晋中:山西农业大学,2015.
[9]张乃夫.安徽新安江流域景观格局特征及土壤侵蚀评价[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2014.
[10]傅伯杰,赵文武,陈利顶,等.多尺度土壤侵蚀评价指数[J].科学通报,2006,51(16):1936-1943.
[11]向万丽,高华端,李兴春.清镇市土壤侵蚀强度景观空间格局分析[J].中国水土保持,2012(5):40-43,76.
[12]谭秋,周梦维,王华,等.贵州连续性白云岩小流域的石漠化景观格局[J].生态学杂志,2009,28(8):1613-1618.
[13]谭秋.贵州连续性石灰岩小流域石漠化景观格局研究[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2009,28(3):217-222.
[14]唐睿,王晓红,舒天竹,等.喀斯特山区土壤侵蚀垂直景观格局分析[J].山地农业生物学报,2017,36(1):30-35.
[15]何鹏,张会儒.常用景观指数的因子分析和筛选方法研究[J].林业科学研究,2009,22(4):470-474.
[16]布仁仓,胡远满,常禹,等.景观指数之间的相关分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2764-2775.
[17]李阳兵,邵景安,杨华,等.重庆市土壤侵蚀空间格局研究[J].重庆师范大学学报:自然科学版,2007,24(4):12-15.