基于生态协调性和建设适宜性的山区基本农田布局研究——以福建省永安市为例
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摘要
在生态文明建设背景下,探索兼顾生态环境保护和耕地资源保护的基本农田布局方法不仅是划定永久基本农田的首要任务,更是构建土地利用开发新格局的主要内容。目前,针对基本农田布局的相关研究仍侧重于耕地的资源属性,忽视了耕地在区域生态系统中产生和存在的合理性问题,导致生态环境问题持续加重。论文借鉴景观生态学等相关理论分析了耕地与区域生态系统之间的相互关系,提出了一种兼顾生态协调性和建设适宜性的基本农田布局方法,并以福建省永安市为例开展了实证研究。结果表明:该布局方法不仅保证了基本农田保护制度保护优质耕地的内在要求,而且突出了耕地与区域生态系统在景观尺度上的相互影响,促进了山区耕地利用与生态环境的协调发展,同时可为今后基本农田的科学划定提供参考。
With the background of ecological civilization construction, the basic farmland layout which gives consideration to both ecological environment protection and farmland protection is not only an urgent task to delimit the permanent basic farmland but also the main content to construct land use development pattern. At present, the research of basic farmland layout still treat cultivated land as resources but neglect the rationality of cultivated land's generation and existence in regional ecological system, and thus it caused aggravated ecological and environmental problems. This paper carried out research from both ecological harmony and construction suitability point of views. The ecological harmony of basic farmland was diagnosed with the minimum resistance model from two perspectives of biodiversity conservation and soil and water conservation, and the comprehensive quality of farmland and soil environment which can reflect the construction suitability of basic farmland was evaluated based on the comprehensive evaluation model with multi-factor and Nemerow Pollution Index respectively. Finally, reasonable distribution index was used to ensure the types of basic farmland distribution. The results indicated that: 1) The regions which have low ecological harmony mainly distribute in the town of Ansha, Huainan and Gongshan. It will cause soil loss,water shortages and degradation of bio-diversity if the basic farmland locates in these areas.The high ecological harmony regions which are suitable for basic farmland mainly distribute in the town of Xiaotao, Xiyang and Gongchuan. 2) There are 15 030.23 hm2 of cultivated land suitable for basic farmland, accounting for 85.48% of the total area of cultivated land. 3) The cultivated land can be divided into four types by Jenks Method. The priority type and basic protection type have better ecological harmony and construction suitability in which basic farmland can be distributed directly. The moderate layout type need to be screened based on the results of comprehensive land management and landscape planning, while the withdrawing type is not suitable for basic farm land. The conclusion of this article is that the layout method not only guarantees the internal requirement of basic farmland protection system to protect the high quality cultivated land, but also emphasizes the interaction between cultivated land and region ecological system and promote the coordinated development of mountain land use and ecological environment. The result of this paper can provide reference for decision-making in comprehensive land management, high standard basic farmland construction and ecological environment planning.
With the background of ecological civilization construction, the basic farmland layout which gives consideration to both ecological environment protection and farmland protection is not only an urgent task to delimit the permanent basic farmland but also the main content to construct land use development pattern. At present, the research of basic farmland layout still treat cultivated land as resources but neglect the rationality of cultivated land's generation and existence in regional ecological system, and thus it caused aggravated ecological and environmental problems. This paper carried out research from both ecological harmony and construction suitability point of views. The ecological harmony of basic farmland was diagnosed with the minimum resistance model from two perspectives of biodiversity conservation and soil and water conservation, and the comprehensive quality of farmland and soil environment which can reflect the construction suitability of basic farmland was evaluated based on the comprehensive evaluation model with multi-factor and Nemerow Pollution Index respectively. Finally, reasonable distribution index was used to ensure the types of basic farmland distribution. The results indicated that: 1) The regions which have low ecological harmony mainly distribute in the town of Ansha, Huainan and Gongshan. It will cause soil loss,water shortages and degradation of bio-diversity if the basic farmland locates in these areas.The high ecological harmony regions which are suitable for basic farmland mainly distribute in the town of Xiaotao, Xiyang and Gongchuan. 2) There are 15 030.23 hm2 of cultivated land suitable for basic farmland, accounting for 85.48% of the total area of cultivated land. 3) The cultivated land can be divided into four types by Jenks Method. The priority type and basic protection type have better ecological harmony and construction suitability in which basic farmland can be distributed directly. The moderate layout type need to be screened based on the results of comprehensive land management and landscape planning, while the withdrawing type is not suitable for basic farm land. The conclusion of this article is that the layout method not only guarantees the internal requirement of basic farmland protection system to protect the high quality cultivated land, but also emphasizes the interaction between cultivated land and region ecological system and promote the coordinated development of mountain land use and ecological environment. The result of this paper can provide reference for decision-making in comprehensive land management, high standard basic farmland construction and ecological environment planning.
引文
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[2]钟太洋,黄贤金,陈逸.基本农田保护政策的耕地保护效果评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2012,22(1):90-95.[ZHONG T Y,HUANG X J,CHEN Y.Arable land conversion effects of basic farmland protection policy.China Population,Resources and Environment,2012,22(1):90-95.]
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[5]薛剑,韩娟,张凤荣,等.高标准基本农田建设评价模型的构建及建设时序的确定[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(5):193-203.[XUE J,HAN J,ZHANG F R,et al.Development of evaluation model and determination of its construction sequence for well-facilitied capital farmland.Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(5):193-203.]
[6]奉婷,张凤荣,李灿,等.基于耕地质量综合评价的县域基本农田空间布局[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(1):200-210.[FENG T,ZHANG F R,LI C,et al.Spatial distribution of prime farmland based on cultivated land quality comprehensive evaluation at county scale.Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(1):200-210.]
[7]侯现慧,王占岐,杨俊,等.基于产能核算和土地质量地球化学评估的县域基本农田布局研究[J].中国土地科学,2016,30(1):89-97.[HOU X H,WANG Z Q,YANG J,et al.Research on the layout of county prime farmland based on productivity and land quality geochemical assessment.China Land Sciences,2016,30(1):89-97.]
[8]边振兴,杨子娇,钱凤魁,等.基于LESA体系的高标准基本农田建设时序研究[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(3):436-446.[BIAN Z X,YANG Z J,QIAN F K,et al.Study on time sequence of high-standard prime farmland based on LESA.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(3):436-446.]
[9]关小东,何建华.基于贝叶斯网络的基本农田划定方法[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(6):1061-1072.[GUAN X D,HEJ H.Prime farmland protection zoning based on Bayesian network.Journal of Natural Resources,2016,31(6):1061-1072.]
[10]李赓,吴次芳,曹顺爱.划定基本农田指标体系的研究[J].农机化研究,2006(8):46-48.[LI G,WU C F,CAO S A.Study on indicators system of selecting cultivated land into prime farmland.Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2006(8):46-48.]
[11]郑新奇,杨树佳,象伟宁,等.基于农用地分等的基本农田保护空间规划方法研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(1):66-71.[ZHENG X Q,YANG S J,XIANG W N,et al.Spatial planning method for the basic farmland protection based on the farmland classification.Transactions of the CSAE,2007,23(1):66-71.]
[12]聂艳,吴学敏,何颖,等.基于产能核算和空间聚类的县级基本农田划定研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(6):809-815.[NIE Y,WU X M,HE Y,et al.Demarcation method of prime farmland based on productivity and spatial clustering.Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2014,23(6):809-815.]
[13]钱凤魁,王秋兵,李娜.基于耕地质量与立地条件综合评价的高标准基本农田划定[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(18):225-232.[QIAN F K,WANG Q B,LI N.High-standard prime farmland planning based on evaluation of farmland quality and siteconditions.Transactions of the CSAE,2015,31(18):225-232.]
[14]任艳敏,唐秀美,刘玉,等.考虑耕地生态质量的基本农田划定方法[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(24):298-307.[RENY M,TANG X M,LIU Y,et al.Demarcating method of prime farmland considering ecological quality of cultivated land.Transactions of the CSAE,2014,30(24):298-307.]
[15]LOVELL S T,TAYLOR J R.Supplying urban ecosystem services through multifunctional green infrastructure in the United States[J].Landscape Ecology,2013,28(8):1447-1463.
[16]傅伯杰,徐延达,吕一河.景观格局与水土流失的尺度特征与耦合方法[J].地球科学进展,2010,25(7):673-681.[FU B J,XU Y D,LüY H.Scale characteristics and coupled research of landscape pattern and soil and water loss.Advances in Earth Science,2010,25(7):673-681.]
[17]COSTANZA R,D’ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(1):3-15.
[18]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.[XIE G D,ZHEN L,LU C X,et al.Expert knowledge based valuation method of ecosystem services in China.Journal of Natural Resources,2008,23(5):911-919.]
[19]李正国,王仰麟,张小飞,等.景观生态区划的理论研究[J].地理科学进展,2006,25(5):10-20.[LI Z G,WANG Y L,ZHANG X F,et al.Principles and systems of landscape ecological regionalization.Progress in Geography,2006,25(5):10-20.]
[20]傅伯杰,张立伟.土地利用变化与生态系统服务:概念、方法与进展[J].地理科学进展,2014,33(4):441-446.[FU BJ,ZHANG L W.Land-use change and ecosystem services:Concepts,methods and progress.Progress in Geography,2014,33(4):441-446.]
[21]邬建国.景观生态学中的十大研究论题[J].生态学报,2004,24(9):2074-2076.[WU J G.The key research topics in landscape ecology.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(9):2074-2076.]
[22]俞孔坚.生物保护的景观生态安全格局[J].生态学报,1999,19(1):8-15.[YU K J.Landscape ecological securty patterns in biological conservation.Acta Ecologica Sinica,1999,19(1):8-15.]
[23]定光平,刘成武,黄利民.惠农政策下丘陵山区农地边际化的理论分析与实证--以湖北省通城县为例[J].地理研究,2009,28(1):109-117.[DING G P,LIU C W,HUANG L M.A theoretical analysis and empirical research of marginalization of agricultural land in hilly-mountainous area under farmer-benefiting policy:A case study of Tongcheng County in Hubei Province.Geographical Research,2009,28(1):109-117.]
[24]刘霈珈,吴克宁,赵华甫,等.基于耕地综合质量的基本农田布局优化--以河南省温县为例[J].中国土地科学,2015,29(2):54-59.[LIU P J,WU K N,ZHAO H F,et al.Spatial allocation opti-mization of prime farmland based on cultivated land comprehensive quality:A case study of Wen County,Henan Province.China Land Sciences,2015,29(2):54-59.]
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