基于Google Earth Engine平台的湿地景观空间格局演变分析:以白洋淀为例
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摘要
长时间序列数据分析有助于人们更好的了解事物本质,但传统的长时间序列数据集的获取和处理需要花费大量的人力和财力,对于大尺度范围的湿地生态系统长时间序列数据的获取更加困难.以Google数据中心数万计CPU为运算基础的Google Earth Engine平台为长时间序列数据的获取和处理提供了契机.鉴于此,基于Google Earth Engine平台,作者生产了白洋淀地区1987—2017年的NDVI、NDWI数据集,并以此对白洋淀湿地生态系统景观类型进行分类,运用景观生态学方法研究了近30 a白洋淀湿地生态系统景观演变特征,同时表明了Google Earth Engine平台在监测湿地生态系统景观空间格局变化的可行性与优越性.
The analysis of long-term time series data helps us to understand the nature of things better.However, more financial and human resource are required when the traditional means are used to obtain long-term time series data. Google Earth Engine platform provides an opportunity for acquisition and processing long-term time series data. In view of this, Landsat images from 1987 to 2017 were downloaded and processed based on Google Earth Engine platform, and the images with annual maximum value of NDVI and NDWI were obtained by means of maximum value composite. In addition, the landscape types of Baiyangdian Wetland ecosystem were classified using NDVI dataset and NDWI dataset, and the landscape evolution characteristics of Baiyangdian Wetland ecosystem over the past 30 years were studied by means of landscape ecology. The study of Baiyangdian Wetland ecosystem showed the feasibility and superiority of Google Earth Engine platform.
The analysis of long-term time series data helps us to understand the nature of things better.However, more financial and human resource are required when the traditional means are used to obtain long-term time series data. Google Earth Engine platform provides an opportunity for acquisition and processing long-term time series data. In view of this, Landsat images from 1987 to 2017 were downloaded and processed based on Google Earth Engine platform, and the images with annual maximum value of NDVI and NDWI were obtained by means of maximum value composite. In addition, the landscape types of Baiyangdian Wetland ecosystem were classified using NDVI dataset and NDWI dataset, and the landscape evolution characteristics of Baiyangdian Wetland ecosystem over the past 30 years were studied by means of landscape ecology. The study of Baiyangdian Wetland ecosystem showed the feasibility and superiority of Google Earth Engine platform.
引文
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[21]李雪梅,邓小文.基于景观指数的滨海新区景观格局变化分析[J].环境保护与循环经济,2011,31(7):38-40.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1021.2011.07.014.Li X M,Deng X W.Analysis of landscape pattern change in Binhai New Area based on landscape indices[J].Liaoning Urban and Rural Environmental Science&Technology,2011,31(7):38-40.
[22]林孟龙,曹宇,王鑫.基于景观指数的景观格局分析方法的局限性:以台湾宜兰利泽简湿地为例[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):139-143.Lin M L,Cao Y,Wang X.Limitations of landscape pattern analysis based on landscape indices:A case study of Lize-jian wetland in Yilan of Taiwan Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(1):139-143.
[23]刘常富,李京泽,李小马,等.基于模拟景观的城市森林景观格局指数选取[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1 125-1 131.Liu C F,Li J Z,Li X M,et al.Selection of landscape metrics for urban forest based on simulated landscapes[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(5):1 125-1 131.
[24]傅伯杰.景观生态学原理及应用[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2001.Fu B J.The principle and application of landscape ecology[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science China Press,2001.
[25]王青,严登华,秦天玲,等.人类活动对白洋淀干旱的影响[J].湿地科学,2013,11(4):475-481.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5948.2013.04.011.Wang Q,Yan D H,Qin T L,et al.Impacts of human activities on drought of Baiyangdian Lake[J].Wetland Science,2013,11(4):475-481.
[26]白德斌,宁振平.白洋淀干淀原因浅析[J].中国防汛抗旱,2007(2):46-48.Bai D B,Ning Z P.The dry up reasons analysis of Baiyangdian[J].China Flood&Drought Management,2007(2):46-48.
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[29]高彦春,王晗,龙笛.白洋淀流域水文条件变化和面临的生态环境问题[J].资源科学,2009,31(9):1 506-1 513.Gao Y C,Wang H,Long D.Changes in hydrological conditions and the eco-environmental problems in Baiyangdian watershed[J].Resource Science,2009,31(9):1 506-1 513.
[30]邵爱军,左丽琼,吴烨.河北省近50年气候变化对水资源的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(2):51-55.Shao A J,Zuo L Q,Wu Y.Impacts of climatic change on water resources of Hebei Province in recent 50years[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2008(2):51-55.
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[2]侯鹏,申文明,王桥,等.基于水文平衡的湿地退化驱动因子定量研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(3):660-666.Hou P,Shen W M,Wang Q,et al.Quantitative analysis of driving factors for wetland degradation based on hydrology balance[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(3):660-666.
[3]Adam E,Mutanga O,Rugege D.Multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing for identification and mapping of wetland vegetation:A review[J].Wetlands Ecology&Management,2010,18(3):281-296.
[4]刘红玉,吕宪国,张世奎.湿地景观变化过程与累积环境效应研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(1):60-70.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6301.2003.01.008.Liu H Y,Lv X G,Zhang S K,et al.Progress on the study of process of wetland landscape changes and cumulative environmental effects[J].Progress in Geography,2003,22(1):60-70.
[5]龚天宇,邵全琴,刘纪远,等.中国南方不同土地利用/覆被类型对气温升温的影响[J].地理研究,2012,31(8):1 465-1 478.Gong T Y,Shao Q Q,Liu J Y,et al.The impact of land use/cover types on climate warming in southern China[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(8):1 465-1 478.
[6]Chen L,Jin Z,Michishita R,et al.Dynamic monitoring of wetland cover changes using time-series remote sensing imagery[J].Ecological Informatics,2014,24:17-26.DOI:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.06.007.
[7]庄长伟,欧阳志云,徐卫华,等.近33年白洋淀景观动态变化[J].生态学报,2011,31(3):839-848.Zhuang C W,Ouyang Z Y,Xu W H,et al.Landscape dynamics of Baiyangdian Lake from 1974 to 2007[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(3):839-848.
[8]刘丰,刘静玲,张婷,等.白洋淀近20年土地利用变化及其对水质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(10):1 868-1 875.Liu F,Liu J L,Zhang T,et al.Land use change and its effects on water quality in Baiyangdian Lake of North China during last 20 years[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2010,29(10):1 868-1 875.
[9]白军红,房静思,黄来斌,等.白洋淀湖沼湿地系统景观格局演变及驱动力分析[J].地理研究,2013,32(9):1 634-1 644.Bai J H,Fang J S,Huang L B,et al.Landscape pattern evolution and its driving factors of Baiyangdian LakeMarsh Wetland system[J].Geographical Research,2013,32(9):1 634-1 644.
[10]Alonso A,Munoz-Carpena R,Kennedy R E,et al.Wetland landscape spatio-temporal degradation dynamics using the new google earth engine cloud-based platform:Opportunities for non-specialists in remote sensing[J].American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineer,2016,59(5):1 333-1 344.
[11]Huang H B,Chen Y L,Clinton N,et al.Mapping major land cover dynamics in Beijing using all Landsat images in Google Earth Engine[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,202:166-176.
[12]Midekisa A,Holl F,Savory D J,et al.Mapping land cover change over continental Africa using Landsat and Google Earth Engine cloud computing[J].Plos One,2017,12(9):e0184926.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0184926.
[13]Tang Z H,Li Y,Gu Y,et al.Assessing Nebraska playa wetland inundation status during 1985-2015 using Landsat data and Google Earth Engine[J].Environmental Monitoring&Assessment,2016,188(12):654.
[14]王九中,田海峰,邬明权,等.河南省冬小麦快速遥感制图[J].地球信息科学学报,2017,19(6):846-853.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1560-8999.2017.06.014.Wang J Z,Tian H F,Wu M Q,et al.Rapid mapping of winter wheat in Henan Province[J].Journal of Geo-Information Science,2017,19(6):846-853.
[15]刘春兰,谢高地,肖玉.气候变化对白洋淀湿地的影响[J].长江流域资源与环境,2007,16(2):245-250.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-8227.2007.02.023.Liu C L,Xie G D,Xiao Y.Impact of climatic change on Baiyangdian Wetland[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basi,2007,16(2):245-250.
[16]Skakun S,Franch B,Vermote E,et al.Early season large-area winter crop mapping using MODIS NDVIdata,growing degree days information and a Gaussian mixture model[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2017,195:244-258.DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2017.04.026.
[17]Han Q X.Modification of normalized difference water index(NDWI)to enhance open water features in remotely sensed imagery[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,2006,27(14):3 025-3 033.DOI:10.1080/01431160600589179.
[18]张浩然,韩正之,李昌刚.支持向量机[J].计算机科学,2002,29(12):135-137.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-137X.2002.12.038.Zhang H R,Han Z Z,Li C G.Support vector machine[J].Computer Science,2002,29(12):135-137.
[19]张冬生.支持向量机在分类问题中的应用研究[J].黑龙江科技信息,2010(35):64-264.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-1328.2010.35.059.Zhang D S.Application of support vector machine in the problem of classification[J].Heilongjiang Science and Technology Information,2010(35):64-264.
[20]董翠芳,梁国付,丁圣彦,等.不同干扰背景下景观指数与物种多样性的多尺度效应--以巩义市为例[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3 444-3 451.Dong C F,Liang G F,Ding S Y,et at.Multi-scale effects for landscape metrics and species diversity under the different disturbance:a case study of Gongyi City[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3 444-3 451.
[21]李雪梅,邓小文.基于景观指数的滨海新区景观格局变化分析[J].环境保护与循环经济,2011,31(7):38-40.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1674-1021.2011.07.014.Li X M,Deng X W.Analysis of landscape pattern change in Binhai New Area based on landscape indices[J].Liaoning Urban and Rural Environmental Science&Technology,2011,31(7):38-40.
[22]林孟龙,曹宇,王鑫.基于景观指数的景观格局分析方法的局限性:以台湾宜兰利泽简湿地为例[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(1):139-143.Lin M L,Cao Y,Wang X.Limitations of landscape pattern analysis based on landscape indices:A case study of Lize-jian wetland in Yilan of Taiwan Province,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2008,19(1):139-143.
[23]刘常富,李京泽,李小马,等.基于模拟景观的城市森林景观格局指数选取[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(5):1 125-1 131.Liu C F,Li J Z,Li X M,et al.Selection of landscape metrics for urban forest based on simulated landscapes[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2009,20(5):1 125-1 131.
[24]傅伯杰.景观生态学原理及应用[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2001.Fu B J.The principle and application of landscape ecology[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science China Press,2001.
[25]王青,严登华,秦天玲,等.人类活动对白洋淀干旱的影响[J].湿地科学,2013,11(4):475-481.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-5948.2013.04.011.Wang Q,Yan D H,Qin T L,et al.Impacts of human activities on drought of Baiyangdian Lake[J].Wetland Science,2013,11(4):475-481.
[26]白德斌,宁振平.白洋淀干淀原因浅析[J].中国防汛抗旱,2007(2):46-48.Bai D B,Ning Z P.The dry up reasons analysis of Baiyangdian[J].China Flood&Drought Management,2007(2):46-48.
[27]祝昌汉,张强,陈峪.2002年我国十大极端气候事件[J].灾害学,2003,15(2):76-80.Zhu C H,Zhang Q,Chen Y.Ten extreme meteorological events in 2002 in China[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2003,15(2):76-80.
[28]郭笃发.黄河三角洲滨海湿地土地覆被和景观格局的变化[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(8):907-912.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4890.2005.08.012.Guo D F.Land cover and landscape pattern changes of costal wetland in Yellow River Delta[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2005,24(8):907-912.
[29]高彦春,王晗,龙笛.白洋淀流域水文条件变化和面临的生态环境问题[J].资源科学,2009,31(9):1 506-1 513.Gao Y C,Wang H,Long D.Changes in hydrological conditions and the eco-environmental problems in Baiyangdian watershed[J].Resource Science,2009,31(9):1 506-1 513.
[30]邵爱军,左丽琼,吴烨.河北省近50年气候变化对水资源的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2008(2):51-55.Shao A J,Zuo L Q,Wu Y.Impacts of climatic change on water resources of Hebei Province in recent 50years[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2008(2):51-55.
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