不同氮、磷、钾施肥配比对油茶花芽分化的影响
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摘要
[目的]研究施肥配比对油茶花芽分化的影响,掌握氮、磷、钾最佳施肥配比,为油茶高效栽培提供参考依据。[方法]以8年生‘长林4号’油茶为试验材料,采用3因素3水平的正交试验设计L_9(3~4)进行施肥试验。[结果]研究表明:在试验水平范围内,适量加施氮、钾肥有利于提高油茶花芽分化率;提高油茶花芽分化率的氮、磷、钾最佳施肥配比为N_(222.22)P_(81.83)K_(240.24)。在油茶花芽生理分化期,施氮、磷、钾肥能提高花芽内源激素ABA含量;施氮、磷肥可提高花芽内源激素ZR和IAA含量,而ABA含量与花芽分化率呈中等正相关,且相关性显著,ZR、IAA和GA_3与花芽分化率相关性不显著。在油茶花芽形态分化期,施氮、钾肥能提高花芽内源激素ZR、IAA和GA_3含量,降低花芽内源激素ABA含量。[结论]合理的氮、磷、钾施肥配比可能通过影响油茶花芽分化相关内源激素的含量水平,促进花芽分化,提高花芽分化率。
[Objective] To study the effect of N, P, K fertilization ratios on the flower bud differentiation of Camellia oleifera for the purpose of getting the optimum fertilization proportion and providing a reference for the efficient cultivation of C. oleifera. [Method] The test material was 8-year-old C. oleifera ‘Changlin-4'. Orthogonal design L_9(3~4) with 3 factors and 3 levels fertilization experiment was carried out. [Result] Within the test fertilizer levels, the results showed that adding N and K fertilizers to the soil significantly improved the rate of flower differentiation of C. oleifera; and the optimum N, P, K fertilization proportion was N_(222.22)P_(81.83)K_(240.24). In the physiological differentiation stage of C. oleifera flower bud, fertilization could promote the flower bud differentiation by increasing ABA content, while the ABA content had a moderate positive correlation with flower bud differentiation rate, and the correlation was significant. The correlation between endogenous hormones(ZR, IAA, GA_3) and flower bud differentiation was not significant. In the flower bud morphological differentiation period, the application of N and K increased the flower bud contents of ZR, IAA and GA_3,decreased the ABA content of flower bud. And it promoted the flower bud morphogenesis of C. oleifera. [Conclusion] The appropriate ratio of NPK fertilization could promote flower bud differentiation and increase the rate of flower bud differentiation by affecting the level of endogenous hormones related to flower bud differentiation of C. oleifera.
[Objective] To study the effect of N, P, K fertilization ratios on the flower bud differentiation of Camellia oleifera for the purpose of getting the optimum fertilization proportion and providing a reference for the efficient cultivation of C. oleifera. [Method] The test material was 8-year-old C. oleifera ‘Changlin-4'. Orthogonal design L_9(3~4) with 3 factors and 3 levels fertilization experiment was carried out. [Result] Within the test fertilizer levels, the results showed that adding N and K fertilizers to the soil significantly improved the rate of flower differentiation of C. oleifera; and the optimum N, P, K fertilization proportion was N_(222.22)P_(81.83)K_(240.24). In the physiological differentiation stage of C. oleifera flower bud, fertilization could promote the flower bud differentiation by increasing ABA content, while the ABA content had a moderate positive correlation with flower bud differentiation rate, and the correlation was significant. The correlation between endogenous hormones(ZR, IAA, GA_3) and flower bud differentiation was not significant. In the flower bud morphological differentiation period, the application of N and K increased the flower bud contents of ZR, IAA and GA_3,decreased the ABA content of flower bud. And it promoted the flower bud morphogenesis of C. oleifera. [Conclusion] The appropriate ratio of NPK fertilization could promote flower bud differentiation and increase the rate of flower bud differentiation by affecting the level of endogenous hormones related to flower bud differentiation of C. oleifera.
引文
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[16] 曹尚银,汤一卒,张俊昌.GA3和PP333对苹果花芽形态建成及其内源激素比例变化的影响[J].果树学报,2001,18(6):313-316.
[17] 任开磊,郑益兴,吴疆翀,等.配方施肥对辣木生长效应及其初果期产量构成的影响[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(6):820-825.
[18] 聂艳.乙烯利和多效唑对簕杜鹃观赏性状调控的生理基础及花芽分化进程研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
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[20] 胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):243-248.
[21] 沈兴亮,焦如珍.细菌肥料对油茶幼林生长的影响[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(4):570-574.
[22] 罗汉东.不同磷水平施肥对油茶生长及土壤环境动态影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2017.
[23] 曹永庆,任华东,林萍,等.油茶树体对氮磷钾元素年吸收和积累规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):442-448.
[24] 陈永忠,彭邵锋,王湘南,等.油茶高产栽培系列技术研究——配方施肥试验[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(5):650-655.
[25] 赫冬梅,胡国公,穆琳.烟草内源激素的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定[J].烟草科技,2000,5(2):41-42.
[26] Wieber E N.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on fruit yield,quality and physiology of Washington navel orange trees[D].California:California State University,2016.
[27] Szot I,Basak A,Lipa T,et al.The use of combined application of prohexadione-Ca and GA4+7 on the yield and growth of ‘Braeburn Mariri Red’ apple trees[J].Acta Horticulturae,2016,11(38):35-44.
[28] Song Y,Ma K,Ci D,Z et al.Biochemical physiological and gene expression analysis reveals sex-specific differences in Populus tomentosa floral development[J].Physiol Plant,2014,150(1):18-31.
[29] DeSoto L,Olano J M,Rozas V.Secondary growth and carbohydrate storage patterns differ between sexes in Juniperus thurifera[J].Front Plant Sci,2016,7(23):1-12.
[30] Grochowska M J,Hodun M.The dwarfing effect of a single application of growth inhibitors to the root-stem connection-"the collar tissue"-of five species of fruit trees[J].Journal of Pomology & Horticultural Science,1997,72(1):83-91.
[31] 何萍,金继运.氮钾营养对春玉米叶片衰老过程中激素变化与活性氧代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(4):289-295.
[32] 张雪芹,彭克勤,王少先,等.缓释肥料对烤烟内源激素含量的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,35(4):378-382.
[33] Okuda H,Kihara T,Iwagaki I.Effects of cropping on photosynthesis,dark respiration,leaf ABA concentration and inflorescence induction in satsuma mandarin (Citrus reticulate)[J].Engei Gakkai Zasshi,2008,7(64):9-16.
[2] 何方,胡芳名.经济林栽培学[M].2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2004.
[3] 庄瑞林.中国油茶[M].2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2008.
[4] 姚小华.油茶资源与科学利用研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2012.
[5] 李丽,吴雪辉,寇巧花.茶油的研究现状及应用前景[J].中国油脂,2010,35(3):10-14.
[6] 陈永忠,罗健,王瑞,等.中国油茶产业发展的现状与前景[J].粮食科技与经济,2013,38(1):10-12.
[7] Julian C,Herrero M,Rodrigo J.Flower bud differentiation and development in fruiting and non-fruiting shoots in relation to fruit set in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.)[J].Trees,2010,24(5):833-841.
[8] 曲波,张微,陈旭辉,等.植物花芽分化研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2010,26(24):109-114.
[9] 彭向永.雌、雄蒿柳花芽分化机制及性别决定基因挖掘[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[10] 温玥,苏淑钗,马履一,等.赤霉素处理对油茶花芽形成和果实品质的影响[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(6):861-867.
[11] 胡玉玲.普通油茶花发育和遗传转化体系构建初步研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2014.
[12] 胡玉玲,姚小华,任华东,等.主要环境因素对油茶成花的影响[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2015,23(2):211-217.
[13] 胡玉玲,姚小华,任华东,等.普通油茶花芽分化过程春梢生理生化变化[J].扬州大学学报:农业与生命科学版,2016,37(2):93-99.
[14] 丁宁,沙建川,丰艳广,等.晚秋叶施尿素提高矮化苹果翌春生长及果实品质的效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(6):1665-1671.
[15] 钱桦,刘燕,郑勇平,等.施用6-BA对春石斛花芽分化及内源激素的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(6):27-31.
[16] 曹尚银,汤一卒,张俊昌.GA3和PP333对苹果花芽形态建成及其内源激素比例变化的影响[J].果树学报,2001,18(6):313-316.
[17] 任开磊,郑益兴,吴疆翀,等.配方施肥对辣木生长效应及其初果期产量构成的影响[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(6):820-825.
[18] 聂艳.乙烯利和多效唑对簕杜鹃观赏性状调控的生理基础及花芽分化进程研究[D].北京:中国林业科学研究院,2017.
[19] 董运斋,王四清.氮磷钾配比对大花蕙兰花芽分化及开花品质的影响[J].北京林业大学学报,2005,27(3):76-78.
[20] 胡冬南,牛德奎,张文元,等.钾肥水平对油茶果实性状及产量的影响[J].林业科学研究,2015,28(2):243-248.
[21] 沈兴亮,焦如珍.细菌肥料对油茶幼林生长的影响[J].林业科学研究,2014,27(4):570-574.
[22] 罗汉东.不同磷水平施肥对油茶生长及土壤环境动态影响[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2017.
[23] 曹永庆,任华东,林萍,等.油茶树体对氮磷钾元素年吸收和积累规律的研究[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(4):442-448.
[24] 陈永忠,彭邵锋,王湘南,等.油茶高产栽培系列技术研究——配方施肥试验[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(5):650-655.
[25] 赫冬梅,胡国公,穆琳.烟草内源激素的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定[J].烟草科技,2000,5(2):41-42.
[26] Wieber E N.Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on fruit yield,quality and physiology of Washington navel orange trees[D].California:California State University,2016.
[27] Szot I,Basak A,Lipa T,et al.The use of combined application of prohexadione-Ca and GA4+7 on the yield and growth of ‘Braeburn Mariri Red’ apple trees[J].Acta Horticulturae,2016,11(38):35-44.
[28] Song Y,Ma K,Ci D,Z et al.Biochemical physiological and gene expression analysis reveals sex-specific differences in Populus tomentosa floral development[J].Physiol Plant,2014,150(1):18-31.
[29] DeSoto L,Olano J M,Rozas V.Secondary growth and carbohydrate storage patterns differ between sexes in Juniperus thurifera[J].Front Plant Sci,2016,7(23):1-12.
[30] Grochowska M J,Hodun M.The dwarfing effect of a single application of growth inhibitors to the root-stem connection-"the collar tissue"-of five species of fruit trees[J].Journal of Pomology & Horticultural Science,1997,72(1):83-91.
[31] 何萍,金继运.氮钾营养对春玉米叶片衰老过程中激素变化与活性氧代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,1999,5(4):289-295.
[32] 张雪芹,彭克勤,王少先,等.缓释肥料对烤烟内源激素含量的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报:自然科学版,2009,35(4):378-382.
[33] Okuda H,Kihara T,Iwagaki I.Effects of cropping on photosynthesis,dark respiration,leaf ABA concentration and inflorescence induction in satsuma mandarin (Citrus reticulate)[J].Engei Gakkai Zasshi,2008,7(64):9-16.