黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态问题及其修复对策研究
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摘要
黄河三角洲是我国温带地区重要的河口海岸带湿地生态系统,是最具生态保护价值的关键区域之一。分析黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态特征及退化趋势,识别黄河三角洲面临的关键生态问题,明确各种湿地类型的重要修复目标,提出针对不同类型退化湿地的生态修复技术。通过生物组分修复技术、水体修复技术、土壤改良技术和综合生境修复等技术措施,改善环境质量,恢复生物多样性。最后,针对湿地保护与修复提出建议,为区域自然与社会复合系统的可持续发展提供科学支撑。
The Yellow River Delta,the most important wetland ecosystem conserved in the warm temperate zone of China,is the most valuable among the largest river deltas in China.On the basis of analyzing ecological characteristics,degradation trend and the key ecological issues facing the Yellow River Delta, wetland ecological restoration goals were identified and restoration strategies for various types of degraded coastal wetlands were proposed.These strategies could improve environmental quality and enhance biodiversity through biological restoration,water restoration,soil improvement and comprehensive habitat restoration.Finally,a framework for protection and restoration of degraded coastal wetlands was put forward to provide support for sustainable development of natural and social complex systems in the Yellow River Delta.
The Yellow River Delta,the most important wetland ecosystem conserved in the warm temperate zone of China,is the most valuable among the largest river deltas in China.On the basis of analyzing ecological characteristics,degradation trend and the key ecological issues facing the Yellow River Delta, wetland ecological restoration goals were identified and restoration strategies for various types of degraded coastal wetlands were proposed.These strategies could improve environmental quality and enhance biodiversity through biological restoration,water restoration,soil improvement and comprehensive habitat restoration.Finally,a framework for protection and restoration of degraded coastal wetlands was put forward to provide support for sustainable development of natural and social complex systems in the Yellow River Delta.
引文
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[2] BARBIER E B,KOCH E W,SILLIMAN B R,et al.Coastal ecosystem-based management with nonlinear ecological functions and values[J].Science,2008,319(5861):321-323.
[3] 吴志芬,赵善伦,张学雷.黄河三角洲盐生植被与土壤盐分的相关性研究[J].植物生态学报,1994,18(2):184-193.
[4] VAN GELDEL A, VAN DEN BERG J H,CHENG G D,et al.Overbank and channelfill deposits of the modern Yellow River delta[J].Sedimentary geology,1994,90(3/4):293-305.
[5] 刘伟,常军,李涛.现代黄河三角洲湿地时空变化及其保护对策[J].安徽农业科学,2015,43(8):216-217,222.
[6] 崔广州,张绪良,张朝晖,等.黄河三角洲滨海湿地生态系统的变化及保护对策[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(25):12599-12600,12687.
[7] 孙志高,牟晓杰,陈小兵,等.黄河三角洲湿地保护与恢复的现状、问题与建议[J].湿地科学,2011,9(2):107-115.
[8] 崔树强.黄河断流对黄河三角洲生态环境的影响[J].海洋科学,2002,26(7):42-46.[9] SHEN G M,HEINO M.An overview of marine fisheries management in China[J].Marine policy,2014,44:265-272.
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[11] ELLIOTT M,BURDON D,HEMINGWAY K L,et al.Estuarine,coastal and marine ecosystem restoration:Confusing management and science:A revision of concepts[J].Estuarine coastal and shelf science,2007,74(3):349-366.
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[14] WANG G,QIN P,WAN S W,et al.Ecological control and integral utilization of Spartina alterniflora[J].Ecological engineering,2008,32(3):249-255.
[15] 丁丽,徐建益,陈家宽,等.崇明东滩互花米草生态控制与鸟类栖息地优化[J].人民长江,2011,42(S2):122-124,162.
[16] 刘莉莉,万荣,段媛媛,等.山东省海洋渔业资源增殖放流及其渔业效益[J].海洋湖沼通报,2008(4):91-98.
[17] CUI B S,YANG Q C,YANG Z F,et al.Evaluating the ecological performance of wetland restoration in the Yellow River Delta,China[J].Ecological engineering,2009,35(7):1090-1103.
[18] BELLl S S,ZEDLER J B.Handbook for restoring tidal wetlands[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2000.
[19] 马春.基于生态恢复的天津滨海地区湿地可持续管理研究[D].天津:南开大学,2011.
[20] 台培东,苏丹,刘延斌,等.双台子河口国家自然保护区红海滩景观退化机制研究[J].环境污染与防治,2009,31(1):17-20.
[21] WANG Y,LIU R H,GAO H W,et al.Degeneration mechanism research of Suaeda heteroptera wetland of the shuangtaizi estuary national nature reserve in China[J].Procedia environmental sciences,2010,2:1157-1162.
[22] 傅晓文.盐渍化石油污染土壤中重金属的污染特征、分布和来源解析[D].济南:山东大学,2014.
[23] 于君宝,阚兴艳,王雪宏,等.黄河三角洲石油污染对湿地芦苇和碱蓬幼苗生长影响的模拟研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(10):1254-1261.
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[25] 张丽,王毅霖,周平,等.石油烃降解菌-盐生植物联合修复石油污染盐碱土壤研究[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(S1):57-63.
[26] 杜滢鑫.大庆盐碱地石油污染地区植物根际土壤微生物的多样性研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨师范大学,2014.
[27] 舒莹,胡远满,郭笃发,等.黄河三角洲丹顶鹤适宜生境变化分析[J].动物学杂志,2004,39(3):33-41,121.
[28] 于海婷.山东近海典型海湾河口渔业资源调查与生物群落结构分析[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
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[30] 蒋舜尧,朱建强,李子新,等.国内外湿地保护与利用的经验与启示[J].长江大学学报(自科版),2013,10(11):67-71,113.