铁路沿线下导风板对风沙流场的控制规律
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摘要
为了揭示风沙地带铁路沿线下导风板输沙工程措施对线路过境风沙流的输导效果及其控制机理,基于CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)的计算原理,采用三维数值计算分析方法并结合下导风板输沙的现场实测数据,分析下导风板对风沙流场的控制规律。结果表明:下导风板的输沙能力在风速较大(大于12m·s-1)时有较好效果,且前倾式下导风板的输沙能力明显强于直立式下导风板。现场实测也表明:采用前倾式下导风板输沙措施后,会在线路上形成较大的强风区(作用区),使线路迎风断面的各部位年积沙量均有显著减少,线路道心积沙量减少56%,下导风板前积沙量减少44%,下导风板后积沙量减少36%;现场实测结论与数值计算规律一致。建议在处于风沙区的铁路沿线采用下导风板治理铁路沙害时,要因地制宜并考虑当地的风况(风向、风速变化)特点进行下导风板工程的布置,才能取得较好的风沙输导功效。
In order to reveal the transport effects and control mechanisms of the lower air deflector on the wind-driven sand conveyance engineering measures along railway line in sandy area,and according to the three-dimensional numerical analysis and the measured data of the sedimentation of lower air deflector,the control rules of the lower air deflector were analyzed in detail based on CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)calculation principle.Results show that the sediment transport capacity of the lower air deflector has better effect at higher wind speed(more than 12 m·s-1).Moreover,the sediment transport capacity of the forward inclined lower air deflector is obviously stronger than that of vertical lower air deflector.Field measurements also show that after using the sediment transport measure with forward inclined lower air deflector,a stronger gale zone is formed on the road(action area).The annual sediment deposition in each section of the windward section of the line is significantly reduced.The amount of sediment in the line decreases by 56%,the amount of sediment before the lower air deflector decreases by44% and the amount of sediment behind the lower air deflector decreases by 36%.The measured results are consistent with the numerical ones.It is suggested that the lower air deflector be adopted to control railway sand disaster along the railway line in sandy area.The layout of the lower air deflector should be in accordance with the local conditions and take into account the local wind conditions(wind direction and wind speed changes)characteristics,in order to achieve better transport effect of aeolian sand.
In order to reveal the transport effects and control mechanisms of the lower air deflector on the wind-driven sand conveyance engineering measures along railway line in sandy area,and according to the three-dimensional numerical analysis and the measured data of the sedimentation of lower air deflector,the control rules of the lower air deflector were analyzed in detail based on CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics)calculation principle.Results show that the sediment transport capacity of the lower air deflector has better effect at higher wind speed(more than 12 m·s-1).Moreover,the sediment transport capacity of the forward inclined lower air deflector is obviously stronger than that of vertical lower air deflector.Field measurements also show that after using the sediment transport measure with forward inclined lower air deflector,a stronger gale zone is formed on the road(action area).The annual sediment deposition in each section of the windward section of the line is significantly reduced.The amount of sediment in the line decreases by 56%,the amount of sediment before the lower air deflector decreases by44% and the amount of sediment behind the lower air deflector decreases by 36%.The measured results are consistent with the numerical ones.It is suggested that the lower air deflector be adopted to control railway sand disaster along the railway line in sandy area.The layout of the lower air deflector should be in accordance with the local conditions and take into account the local wind conditions(wind direction and wind speed changes)characteristics,in order to achieve better transport effect of aeolian sand.
引文
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[8]王康龙.风沙流的双流体模型参数及输沙量分布特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.(WANG Kanglong.Investigation of Parameters in Two-Phase Model for Windblown Sand Movement and Characteristic of Mass Flux Distribution[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014.in Chinese)
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[15]波塔帕夫.铁路防雪[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1960.
[16]新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气象研究所.公路风吹雪的雪阻防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1976.
[17]徐宏重,钱征宇,叶学周,等.青藏高原铁路沙害防治研究(之二)“加强风力障、高大挡沙墙”在青藏线铁路防沙工程中的应用的研究[R].兰州:铁道部科学研究院西北研究所,1988.
[18]CHENG Jianjun,XUE Cunxiao.The Sand-Damage-Prevention Engineering System for the Railway in the Desert Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2014,125:30-37.
[19]CHENG Jianjun,JIANG Fuqiang,XUE Cunxiao,et al.Characteristics of the Disastrous Wind-Sand Environment along Railways in the Gobi Area of Xinjiang,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,102:344-354.
[20]CHENG Jianjun,LEI Jiaqiang,LI Shengyu,et al.Disturbance of the Inclined Inserting-Type Sand Fence to WindSand Flow Fields and Its Sand Control Characteristics[J].Aeolian Research,2016,21:139-150.
[21]CHENG Jianjun,LEI Jiaqiang,LI Shengyu,et al.Effect of Hanging-Type Sand Fence on Characteristics of WindSand Flow Fields[J].Wind and Structures,2016,22(5):555-571.
[22]CHENG Jianjun,XIN Guowei,ZHI Lingyan,et al.Unloading Characteristics of Sand-Drift in Wind-Shallow Areas along Railway and the Effect of Sand Removal by Force of Wind[J].Scientific Reports,2017,(1):1-11.
[2]张军平,王引生,蒋富强.兰新铁路戈壁地区路基周围风沙流运动特征数值分析[J].中国铁道科学,2011,32(4):14-18.(ZHANG Junping,WANG Yinsheng,JIANG Fuqiang.Numerical Analysis on the Features of Sand Flow Movement around the Embankment of Lan-Xin Railway in Gobi Region[J].China Railway Science,2011,32(4):14-18.in Chinese)
[3]程建军,蒋富强,杨印海,等.戈壁铁路沿线风沙灾害特征与挡风沙措施及功效研究[J].中国铁道科学,2010,31(5):15-20.(CHENG Jianjun,JIANG Fuqiang,YANG Yinhai,et al.Study on the Hazard Characteristics of the Drifting Sand along the Railway in Gobi Area and the Efficacy of the Control Engineering Measures[J].China Railway Science,2010,31(5):15-20.in Chinese)
[4]景文宏,程建军,蒋富强.轨枕式挡墙挡风沙功效的数值模拟及试验研究[J].铁道科学与工程学报,2016,13(1):46-54.(JING Wenhong,CHENG Jianjun,JIANG Fuqiang.Numerical Simulation and Experimental Research on Effect of Sleeper Typed Retaining Wall for Wind and Sand Retaining[J].Journal of Railway Science and Engineering,2016,13(1):46-54.in Chinese)
[5]朱文智,程建军,张云鹏,等.土堤式挡风墙加高挡板稳定性分析及研究[J].铁道标准设计,2015(1):16-20.(ZHU Wenzhi,CHENG Jianjun,ZHANG Yunpeng,et al.Analysis and Research on the Stability of Earth Embankment Wind-Break Wall with High Dam Board[J].Railway Standard Design,2015(1):16-20.in Chinese)
[6]辛国伟,程建军,杨印海.铁路沿线挂板式沙障开孔特征与风沙流场的影响研究[J].铁道学报,2016,38(10):99-107.(XIN Guowei,CHENG Jianjun,YANG Yinhai.Study on Effect of Characteristics of Hanging-Type Concrete Sand Barrier Opening and Wind-Sand Field along Railway[J].Journal of the China Railway Society,2016,38(10):99-107.in Chinese)
[7]铁道部第一勘测设计院.特殊条件下路基[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1978.
[8]王康龙.风沙流的双流体模型参数及输沙量分布特征研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.(WANG Kanglong.Investigation of Parameters in Two-Phase Model for Windblown Sand Movement and Characteristic of Mass Flux Distribution[D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2014.in Chinese)
[9]OWEN P R.Saltation of Uniform Grains in Air[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanics,1964,20(2):225-242.
[10]波得普梁夫H A.铁路防沙[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1958.
[11]查基洛夫P C.沙漠铁路[M].兰州:铁道部科学研究院西北研究所,1984.
[12]中国科学院兰州冰川冻土沙漠研究所.沙漠的治理[M].北京:科学出版社,1976.
[13]刘贤万,凌裕泉,贺大良,等.下导风工程的风洞实验研究—[1]平面上的实验[J].中国沙漠,1982,2(4):14-21.(LIU Xianwan,LING Yuquan,HE Daliang,et al.Aviation Baffle Wind Tunnel Experiment—[1]Experiment on Plane[J].China Desert,1982,2(4):14-21..in Chinese)
[14]刘贤万,凌裕泉,贺大良,等.下导风工程的风洞实验研究—[2]地形条件下的实验[J].中国沙漠,1983,3(3):25-34.(LIU Xianwan,LING Yuquan,HE Daliang,et al.Aviation Baffle Wind Tunnel Experiment—[2]Experiments under Topographic Conditions[J].China Desert,1983,3(3):25-34.in Chinese)
[15]波塔帕夫.铁路防雪[M].北京:人民铁道出版社,1960.
[16]新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气象研究所.公路风吹雪的雪阻防治[M].北京:科学出版社,1976.
[17]徐宏重,钱征宇,叶学周,等.青藏高原铁路沙害防治研究(之二)“加强风力障、高大挡沙墙”在青藏线铁路防沙工程中的应用的研究[R].兰州:铁道部科学研究院西北研究所,1988.
[18]CHENG Jianjun,XUE Cunxiao.The Sand-Damage-Prevention Engineering System for the Railway in the Desert Region of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,2014,125:30-37.
[19]CHENG Jianjun,JIANG Fuqiang,XUE Cunxiao,et al.Characteristics of the Disastrous Wind-Sand Environment along Railways in the Gobi Area of Xinjiang,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,2015,102:344-354.
[20]CHENG Jianjun,LEI Jiaqiang,LI Shengyu,et al.Disturbance of the Inclined Inserting-Type Sand Fence to WindSand Flow Fields and Its Sand Control Characteristics[J].Aeolian Research,2016,21:139-150.
[21]CHENG Jianjun,LEI Jiaqiang,LI Shengyu,et al.Effect of Hanging-Type Sand Fence on Characteristics of WindSand Flow Fields[J].Wind and Structures,2016,22(5):555-571.
[22]CHENG Jianjun,XIN Guowei,ZHI Lingyan,et al.Unloading Characteristics of Sand-Drift in Wind-Shallow Areas along Railway and the Effect of Sand Removal by Force of Wind[J].Scientific Reports,2017,(1):1-11.