智利进口荷斯坦牛β-Lg和β-CN基因多态性及其对泌乳性能的影响
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摘要
本研究利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)对江苏某大型奶牛场智利进口荷斯坦牛β-Lg(β-乳球蛋白)和β-CN(β-酪蛋白)基因多态性进行分型,同时收集采样牛只2016～2018年DHI检测结果,利用最小二乘模型分析其多态性及其对泌乳性能的影响。结果表明,在检测群体中β-Lg有A、B两种等位基因,基因频率分别为0.527和0.473,有AA、AB、BB三种基因型,优势基因型为AB型,频率为0.569;β-CN有A、B两种等位基因,其基因频率分别为0.960和0.040,有AA和AB两种基因型,优势基因型为AA型,频率为0.920。方差分析表明,β-Lg对日产奶量、乳蛋白率、体细胞评分(SCS)和尿素氮含量均有极显著影响(P<0.01);β-CN对乳蛋白率和脂蛋白比有显著影响(P<0.05),对日产奶量影响极显著(P<0.01)。该结果为利用乳蛋白基因多态性提高智利进口荷斯坦牛泌乳性能提供了参考资料。
The β-Lg and β-CN gene polymorphisms were typed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for Chile imported Holstein cows in a large dairy farm of Jiangsu province, and the relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and milk traits were studied by using the least squares method. The results showed that β-Lg was controlled by A and B gene and the frequencies of β-Lg A were 0.527 and β-Lg B were 0.473, there were AA, AB and BB genotypes, the dominant genotype of β-Lg was AB and the frequency was 0.569. β-CN was controlled by A and B gene and the alleles gene frequency was 0.976 and 0.024, respectively, there were AA and AB genotypes, the dominant genotype of β-CN was AA and frequency was 0.920. Variance analysis showed that β-Lg had extremely significant effects on daily milk yield, protein percentage, SCS and urea nitrogen content(P<0.01). β-CN obviously affected protein percentage and fat to protein ratio(P<0.05). Furthermore, β-CN had extremely significant effects on daily milk yield(P<0.01). The results of the use of milk protein polymorphisms could improve lactation performance of Holstein imported from Chile provide references.
The β-Lg and β-CN gene polymorphisms were typed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for Chile imported Holstein cows in a large dairy farm of Jiangsu province, and the relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and milk traits were studied by using the least squares method. The results showed that β-Lg was controlled by A and B gene and the frequencies of β-Lg A were 0.527 and β-Lg B were 0.473, there were AA, AB and BB genotypes, the dominant genotype of β-Lg was AB and the frequency was 0.569. β-CN was controlled by A and B gene and the alleles gene frequency was 0.976 and 0.024, respectively, there were AA and AB genotypes, the dominant genotype of β-CN was AA and frequency was 0.920. Variance analysis showed that β-Lg had extremely significant effects on daily milk yield, protein percentage, SCS and urea nitrogen content(P<0.01). β-CN obviously affected protein percentage and fat to protein ratio(P<0.05). Furthermore, β-CN had extremely significant effects on daily milk yield(P<0.01). The results of the use of milk protein polymorphisms could improve lactation performance of Holstein imported from Chile provide references.
引文
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[2]Li H F,Gaunt S N.Study of genetic polymorphisms of milkβ-lactoglobulin,αs1-Casein,β-Casein andκ-Casein in five diary of breeds[J].Biochem Genet,1972,6:9.
[3]刘亚楠,任大喜,刘建新,等.中国水牛乳蛋白基因多态性与乳蛋白组成的关联研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2016,52(5):8-12.
[4]Tsiaras A M,Bargouli G,Banos G,et al.Effect of kappacasein and beta-lactoglobulin loci on milk Production traits and reproductive Performance of Holstein cows[J].J Dairy Sci,2005,88(1):327-334.
[5]甄贞,曲波,姜毓君,等.中国荷斯坦牛乳腺中β-酪蛋白的变化研究[J].中国乳品工业,2015,43(4):4-6.
[6]Sadeghian T,Tavaf Z,Oryan A,et al.Structure,chaperonelike activity and allergenicity profile of bovine caseins upon peroxynitrite modification:New evidences underlying mastitis patho mechanisms[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2018,106(1):1258-1269.
[7]陈宏宇,毛永江,杨章平,等.中国荷斯坦牛乳蛋白多态性与泌乳性状相关性的研究[J].中国奶牛,2006,2:14-17.
[8]Gustavsson F,Buitenhuis A J,Johansson M,et al.Effects of breed and casein genetic variants on protein profile in milk from Swedish Red,Danish Holstein,and Danish Jersey cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(6):3866-3877.
[9]Alim M A,Dong T,Xie Y,et al.Effect of polymorphisms in the CSN3(κ-casein)gene on milk production traits in Chinese Holstein Cattle[J].Molecular Biology Reports,2014,41(11):7585-7593.
[10]邢世宇,朱小瑞,王文强,等.澳系荷斯坦牛β-乳球蛋白多态性对泌乳性能的影响[J].中国奶牛,2015,13:1-4.
[11]本刊辑.首批智利进口奶牛抵达天津港[J].中国乳业,2015,2:75.
[12]毛永江,钟光辉,郑玉才,等.麦洼牦牛乳蛋白多态性与泌乳性能相关性的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2004,40(4):19-21.
[13]Eenennaam A V and Medrano J F.Milk protein polymorphisms in California dairy cattle[J].J Dairy Sci,1991,74:1730-1742.
[14]Auldist M J,Thomson N A,Mackle T R,et al.Effects of pasture allowance on the yield and composition of milk from cows of differentβ-lactoglobulin phenotypes[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2000,83(9):2069-2074.
[15]罗军,邱怀,王双合.中国荷斯坦奶牛乳蛋白多态性的研究[J].黄牛杂志,1995,76(s1):67-69.
[16]郭彦斌,贾长青,王慧.奶牛乳蛋白基因多态性研究进展[J].山东畜牧兽医,2009,30(1):42-43.
[17]Dario C,Carnicella D,Dario M,et al.Genetic polymorphism ofβ-lactoglobulin gene and effect on milk composition in Leccese sheep[J].Small Ruminant Research,2008,74(1-3):270-273.
[18]Bovenhuis H,Van Arendonk J A,Korver S.Associations between milk protein polymorphisms and milk production traits[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1992,75(9):2549-2559.
[19]Ramos A M,Matos C A P,Russo-Almeida P A,et al.Candidate genes for milk production traits in Portuguese dairy sheep[J].Small Ruminant Research,2009,82(2):117-121.
[20]田锦,阮晖,牛冬,等.乳蛋白基因及其应用的研究进展[J].中国奶牛,2003,1:33-36.