农产品信息区块链技术架构设计及应用展望
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摘要
作为传统农业大国,中国多次强调农业现代化的重要性。但生产分散、技术落后、基础薄弱等问题严重阻碍了中国农业信息化的发展。区块链由于采用了分布式存储与计算方式,与分布式经济系统具有较好的兼容性,在金融、物流、电子商务等多个行业具有广泛的应用前景。本研究采用广义区块链的设计思想,结合中国农业发展中遇到的问题,设计了信息采集层、数据层、网络层、共识层、激励层、合约层与应用层的7层农产品信息区块链技术架构。该架构可以提供灵活的分布式存储机制、完备的信息共识体系、可靠的信息防篡改功能和实用的激励回报措施。针对以上功能在农产品信息溯源和农产品市场信息透明化中的应用进行了说明,提出了建立区块链农产品交易体系的概念,最后对区块链在农业领域的应用进行了总结和展望。
Agriculture of China is a typical agricultural system of small producer and large market. Producers are too scattered.Agricultural foundation remains weak in the vast rural areas, especially poverty-stricken areas. All of the above have built up a hedge for the high input of information industry and been a serious impediment to agricultural informationalization. As the underlying technology of electronic tokens, blockchain has become the current research hotspot, and been applied in finance,logistics, electronic commerce, information traceability and so on. Blockchain is a distributed storage and computation system,which is decentralized, so it is highly compatible with the distributed economic system. It will be a comprehensive solution to the agricultural status that is "scattered, small and weak". The book China Blockchain Technology and Application Development Whitepaper 2016 gives guidance suggestions for the application of blockchain in different industries including agriculture. This article is proposed by combining the specific status of Chinese agriculture and the technical characteristics of the block chain.Blockchain will play a very important rule in information gathering, resource integrating, profits sharing and backtracking information. Framework of blockchain for agricultural product with 7 levels of information gathering layer, data layer, network layer, consensus layer, excitation layer, contract layer and application layer was designed based on generalized blockchain according to actual situation of agriculture in China. The function of information gathering layer and data layer weve used to storage encrypted information that is acquired by IoT node in a distributed way. The Network layer was designed with a semi-distributed topological structure based on the original Peer-to-Peer distributed network structure in the blockchain by adding the supper notes. In the consensus layer, the DPOS was implied install of POW, therefore, there is no need for intensive computing. Due to the use of smart contact in the contract layer, transactions can be completed automatically in the absence of intermediaries. Furthermore, members of the Blockchain Union can also get repay by participating in the consensus with the smart contracts. The application layer was designed to provide the interface for application of government, bank, enterprise, producer and consumers. This framework can provide flexible mechanism of distributed storage, complete information consensus system,reliable information tamper-proof function and practical incentive reward measures. Subsequently, the above functions have been explained in the agricultural products quality safety traceability and application for the agricultural product market information transparency in more detail. However, the application of block chain in the field of agriculture is still in the stage of exploration,the technology is far from mature, and still need to be perfected in the process of application gradually.
Agriculture of China is a typical agricultural system of small producer and large market. Producers are too scattered.Agricultural foundation remains weak in the vast rural areas, especially poverty-stricken areas. All of the above have built up a hedge for the high input of information industry and been a serious impediment to agricultural informationalization. As the underlying technology of electronic tokens, blockchain has become the current research hotspot, and been applied in finance,logistics, electronic commerce, information traceability and so on. Blockchain is a distributed storage and computation system,which is decentralized, so it is highly compatible with the distributed economic system. It will be a comprehensive solution to the agricultural status that is "scattered, small and weak". The book China Blockchain Technology and Application Development Whitepaper 2016 gives guidance suggestions for the application of blockchain in different industries including agriculture. This article is proposed by combining the specific status of Chinese agriculture and the technical characteristics of the block chain.Blockchain will play a very important rule in information gathering, resource integrating, profits sharing and backtracking information. Framework of blockchain for agricultural product with 7 levels of information gathering layer, data layer, network layer, consensus layer, excitation layer, contract layer and application layer was designed based on generalized blockchain according to actual situation of agriculture in China. The function of information gathering layer and data layer weve used to storage encrypted information that is acquired by IoT node in a distributed way. The Network layer was designed with a semi-distributed topological structure based on the original Peer-to-Peer distributed network structure in the blockchain by adding the supper notes. In the consensus layer, the DPOS was implied install of POW, therefore, there is no need for intensive computing. Due to the use of smart contact in the contract layer, transactions can be completed automatically in the absence of intermediaries. Furthermore, members of the Blockchain Union can also get repay by participating in the consensus with the smart contracts. The application layer was designed to provide the interface for application of government, bank, enterprise, producer and consumers. This framework can provide flexible mechanism of distributed storage, complete information consensus system,reliable information tamper-proof function and practical incentive reward measures. Subsequently, the above functions have been explained in the agricultural products quality safety traceability and application for the agricultural product market information transparency in more detail. However, the application of block chain in the field of agriculture is still in the stage of exploration,the technology is far from mature, and still need to be perfected in the process of application gradually.
引文
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[15]赛迪智库网络空间研究所.我国区块链发展现状、问题、趋势与对策建议[N].中国计算机报,2018-12-17(008).CCID Thinktank,Network Space Research Institute.Present situation,problems,trend and coun termeasure suggestion of blockchain development in China[N].China Computer Journal,2018-12-17(008).
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[17]Kim H,Laskowski M.Towards an ontology-driven blockchain design for supply chain provenance[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2016.
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[21]中华人民共和国统计局.中国统计年鉴-2018[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm
[22]青石.2017年农产品加工业发展持续稳中向好[J].农机市场,2018(3):5-5.
[2]国务院.国务院关于积极推进“互联网+”行动的指导意见[EB/OL].(2015-07-04)[2018-05-20].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2015-07/04/content_10002.htm.
[3]龚鸣.区块链社会:解码区块链全球应用与投资案例[M].北京:中信出版集团,2016:240-280.Gong M.Blockchain Society:Global Application and investment case of decoding blockchain[M].Beijing:Citic Publishing Group,2016:240-280.
[4]周平平,杜平宇,李平斌,等.中国区块链技术和应用发展白皮书[EB/OL].北京:工业和信息化部信息化和软件服务业司.(2016-10-18)[2018-04-19].Zhou P,Du P,Li P,et al.White Paper on blockchain technology and application development in China[EB/OL].Beijing:Department of Informatization and Software services,Ministry of Industry and Information technology.(2016-10-18)[2018-04-19].http://www.fullrich.com/Uploads/article/file/2016/1020/580866e374069.pdf.
[5]Lan G,Christopher B,Jacco S,et al.Blockchain for agriculture and food:Findings from the pilot study[M].Wageningen:Wageningen Eco nomic Research,2017:1-40.http://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/fulltext/426747.
[6]Lin Y P,Petway J R,Anthony J.Blockchain:The evolutionary next step for ICT E-Agriculture[J].Environments,2017,4(3):50.
[7]Feng T.An agri-food supply chain traceability system for China based on RFID&blockchain technology[C].international conference on service systems and service management,2016:1-6.
[8]倪瑜.中美农业发展概况对比分析[J].新产经,2018(12):88-95.Ni Y.Comparative analysis of the general situation of agricultural development between China and the United States[J].New production,2018(12):88-95.
[9]冯道杰.改革开放以来集体化与分散型村庄发展比较研究[D].济南:山东大学,2016.Feng D.The comparative study about the collectivization village and decentralized village devel opment patterns since reform and opening up[D].Jinan:Shangdong university,2016.
[10]吴林海.2017年中国食品安全状况研究报告[N].中国社会科学报,2018-12-27(010).Wu L.2017 Research report on food safety in China[N].China Social Science Journal,2018-12-27(010).
[11]梁瑞华.在不对称信息下对我国农产品批发市场的交易影响硏究[J].全国流通经济,2018(30):3-5.Liang R.The influence of the trade on the wholesale market of agricultural products in China under Asymmetric information luminescent[J].National circulation economy,2018(30):3-5.
[12]Satoshi N.Bitcoin:A peer-to-peer electronic cash system[EB/OL].[2018-04-25].https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[13]Trautman L J.Is disruptive blockchain technology the future of financial services?69 The Consumer Finance Law Quarterly Report 232[EB/OL].(2016-05-28)[2018-05-19].https://ssrn.com/abstract=2786186.
[14]Swan M.Blockchain:Blueprint for a new economy[M/OL].Sebastopol:O'Reilly Media,2015.[2018-5-10].https://download-ebooks-88ab5.firebaseapp.com/XonKXZQgx4/Blockchain%20Blueprint%20For%20A%20New%20Economy%20Ebooks.pdf.
[15]赛迪智库网络空间研究所.我国区块链发展现状、问题、趋势与对策建议[N].中国计算机报,2018-12-17(008).CCID Thinktank,Network Space Research Institute.Present situation,problems,trend and coun termeasure suggestion of blockchain development in China[N].China Computer Journal,2018-12-17(008).
[16]Davidson S,De Filippi P,Potts J.Economics of blockchain[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2016.
[17]Kim H,Laskowski M.Towards an ontology-driven blockchain design for supply chain provenance[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2016.
[18]Jesse Y H,Deokyoon K,Sujin C,et al.Where is current research on blockchain technology?-A systematic review[J].PLOS ONE,2016,11(10):e0163477.
[19]Aste T.The fair cost of bitcoin proof of work[J].Social Science Electronic Publishing,2016.
[20]Christidis K.Blockchains and smart contracts for the internet of things[J].IEEE Access,2016,4:2292-2303.
[21]中华人民共和国统计局.中国统计年鉴-2018[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2018.http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2018/indexch.htm
[22]青石.2017年农产品加工业发展持续稳中向好[J].农机市场,2018(3):5-5.