摘要
从加拿大将犯罪嫌疑人引渡回美国需要经历"正式提出引渡申请—签发授权进行书—举行引渡听证会—签发拘押令—签发移交令"等步骤,后续还包括上诉以及司法审查程序。1999年颁布新《引渡法》之后,加拿大在引渡制度上逐渐放宽了审查标准。在孟晚舟案中,加拿大的司法与行政系统都将对孟晚舟案的引渡结果产生影响,其中加拿大司法部长的作用尤其重要。孟晚舟一方应在引渡听证会上准备充分证据,影响法官的决定,并以美方的引渡请求存在政治干扰为由向司法部长进行抗辩。中国政府也应积极与美加两国进行外交斡旋,敦促美国司法部撤销起诉,推动加拿大尽快释放孟晚舟,以维护我国公民权益。
Extradition from Canada to the United States commonly includes the following steps: A formal extradition request made by the U.S.,Authority to Proceed issued by the Minister of Justice of Canada,Extradition hearing held by the court,Order of Committal issued by the judges and Surrender Order made by the Minister. It may also comprise proceedings such as appeal and judicial review of the Minister's Order when necessary. After the promulgation of the new Extradition Act in 1999, it became easier and easier to extradite from Canada to the other countries. In the case of Meng Wanzhou,both judicial and executive systems of Canada play important parts in the process,during which the role of the Minister is more essential. For Meng,she ought to submit sufficient evidence for the discharge order,and at the same time,defend herself in front of the Minster with U.S.'s political motives for this extradition. The Chinese government will also work with the governments of Canada and the U.S. for the speedy release of Meng to protect her legal rights.
引文
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[3]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
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[9]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
[10]Murphy v.United States,369 U.S.402(1962).
[11]加拿大曾为英国的殖民地,因此加拿大的引渡经验基本都建立在英国与美国之间引渡的基础之上。The Anne Warner La Forest,Balance Between Liberty and Comity in the Evidentiary Requirements Applicable to Extradition Proceedings,28 QUEEN’S L.J.97(2002).
[12]加拿大1999年《引渡法》最开始是1998年5月的C-40法案,1998年10月经过了二次审议,1998年12月被众议院通过时并没有引起热议,但在参议院通过时却进行了多次听证,并最终于1999年6月17日获得皇室的同意。
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[16]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
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[18]2006年之后,加拿大的检察机关不再是司法部的内设机构,但双方仍然保持合作关系。
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[23]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
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[25]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
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[27]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
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[29]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
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[45]Extradition Act,S.C.1999,c.18.
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[50]Gary Botting,EXTRADITION,INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS VS.INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATION 209(2012).
[51]See Gary Botting,CANADIAN EXTRADITION LAW PRACTICE(2011).
[52]Department of Justice,Chinese Telecommunications Conglomerate Huawei and Huawei CFO Wanzhou Meng Charged with Financial Fraud,https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/chinese-telecommunications-conglomerate-huawei-and-huawei-cfo-wanzhou-meng-charged-financial(last visited Feb.15,2019).
[53]United States of America v.Anekwu,[2009]3 S.C.R.3.
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