乌东德及白鹤滩特高拱坝智能建造关键技术
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摘要
金沙江乌东德、白鹤滩水电站是目前世界上在建的规模最大、技术难度最高、建设环境条件最复杂的大型水电工程,需要建设300 m级特高混凝土双曲拱坝,面临众多关键技术难题和安全优质建设的管理挑战。本文遵循"全面感知、真实分析、实时控制"的闭环智能控制理论,将现代信息技术与水电工程建设深度融合,构建了聚焦核心工艺过程与主要业务流程的大坝智能建造技术路线。围绕安全优质高效建设乌东德和白鹤滩两座特高拱坝的工程需求,对混凝土施工质量全环节实时监控、混凝土温控全过程实时控制、工程全生命期安全与工作性态评价、全坝低热水泥混凝土性能复核、智能建造管理平台iDam深化研发等关键技术进行了探索研究和实践应用,并研发相应的智能化控制设备和管理系统。工程实践表明,智能建造中形成的关键技术及管理平台极大提高了工程建设的技术水平和管理效率,将提升中国水电的核心竞争力,为"一带一路"水电工程开发和基础设施工程建设提供更好的技术支撑。
The Wudongde and Baihetan hydropower stations on the Jinsha River are the largest hydropower projects under construction with application of the most challenging technologies under complicated environmental conditions. Construction of the 300-meter super high concrete arch dams is faced with multiple key technological obstacles and management challenges in safety and high quality. Based on the principle of intelligent closed-loop control of comprehensive perception, real analysis and real-time control, this paper deeply integrates the modern information technologies with hydropower engineering construction and formulates an intelligent dam construction technology route focusing on the core construction processes and main business processes. To meet the demands of building these two dams in safety and high quality, key technologies-such as whole-process real-time monitoring of concrete construction, real-time control of concrete temperature, whole life cycle safety and work performance evaluation, performance review of low-heat cement concrete dam, and in-depth research of an intelligent construction platform iDam-have been explored and applied, and related intelligent control equipment and management systems have been developed. Engineering practice shows that the key technologies and management platforms achieved in the intelligent construction have greatly improved the technology performance and management efficiency of project construction, enhanced the core competitiveness of Chinese hydropower industry, and provided better technical support for the development of hydropower project and infrastructure construction along the Belt and Road.
The Wudongde and Baihetan hydropower stations on the Jinsha River are the largest hydropower projects under construction with application of the most challenging technologies under complicated environmental conditions. Construction of the 300-meter super high concrete arch dams is faced with multiple key technological obstacles and management challenges in safety and high quality. Based on the principle of intelligent closed-loop control of comprehensive perception, real analysis and real-time control, this paper deeply integrates the modern information technologies with hydropower engineering construction and formulates an intelligent dam construction technology route focusing on the core construction processes and main business processes. To meet the demands of building these two dams in safety and high quality, key technologies-such as whole-process real-time monitoring of concrete construction, real-time control of concrete temperature, whole life cycle safety and work performance evaluation, performance review of low-heat cement concrete dam, and in-depth research of an intelligent construction platform iDam-have been explored and applied, and related intelligent control equipment and management systems have been developed. Engineering practice shows that the key technologies and management platforms achieved in the intelligent construction have greatly improved the technology performance and management efficiency of project construction, enhanced the core competitiveness of Chinese hydropower industry, and provided better technical support for the development of hydropower project and infrastructure construction along the Belt and Road.
引文
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[24]左正,胡昱,李庆斌,等.基于实际通水监测的大体积混凝土数字温度监测[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(1):21-26.ZUO Zheng,HU Yu,LI Qingbin,et al.Temperature monitoring during concrete setting through cooling pipe monitors[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2015,55(1):21-26.(in Chinese)
[2]樊启祥,杨宗立.践行新发展理念建好乌东德水电站[J].中国水利,2017(S1):1-12.FAN Qixiang,YANG Zongli.Implementing the new development principles and building the Wudongde Hydropower Station[J].China Water Resources,2017(S1):1-12.(in Chinese)
[3]FAN Q,WANG Z,XU J,et al.Study on deformation and control measures of columnar jointed basalt for Baihetan super-high arch dam foundation[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2018,51(8):2569-2595.
[4]李文伟,樊启祥,李新宇,等.特高拱坝专用低热硅酸盐水泥研究与应用[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(3):113-120.LI Wenwei,FAN Qixiang,LI Xinyu,et al.Development and application of specific low heat portland cement for building ultra-high arch dams[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(3):113-120.(in Chinese)
[5]樊启祥,李文伟,李新宇.低热硅酸盐水泥大坝混凝土施工关键技术研究[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(4):11-17.FAN Qixiang,LI Wenwei,LI Xinyu.Key construction technologies of low heat Portland cement dam concrete[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(4):11-17.(in Chinese)
[6]樊少鹏,丁刚,黄小艳,等.乌东德水电站坝基固结灌浆方法试验研究[J].人民长江,2014,45(23):46-50.FAN Shaopeng,DING Gang,HUANG Xiaoyan,et al.Test study on dam foundation consolidation grouting at Wudongde Hydropower Station[J].Yangtze River,2014,45(23):46-50.(in Chinese)
[7]罗贯军,郭增光,张熊君.白鹤滩水电站柱状节理玄武岩固结灌浆试验成果分析与建议[J].水利水电技术,2015,46(10):117-120.LUO Guanjun,GUO Zengguang,ZHANG Xiongjun.Analysis and suggestion on achievement of consolidation grouting experiment of columnar jointed basalt for construction of Baihetan Hydropower Station[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2015,46(10):117-120.(in Chinese)
[8]马洪琪,钟登华,张宗亮,等.重大水利水电工程施工实时控制关键技术及其工程应用[J].中国工程科学,2011,13(12):20-27.MA Hongqi,ZHONG Denghua,ZHANG Zongliang,et al.Key technologies of real-time construction control for major hydraulic and hydroelectric projects[J].Engineering Sciences,2011,13(12):20-27.(in Chinese)
[9]钟登华,刘东海,崔博.高心墙堆石坝碾压质量实时监控技术及应用[J].中国科学:技术科学,2011,41(8):1027-1034.ZHONG Denghua,LIU Donghai,CUI Bo.Real-time compaction quality monitoring of high core rockfill dam[J].Scientia Sinica:Technologica,2011,41(8):1027-1034.(in Chinese)
[10]钟登华,常昊天,刘宁,等.高堆石坝施工过程的仿真与优化[J].水利学报,2013,44(7):863-872.ZHONG Denghua,CHANG Haotian,LIU Ning,et al.Simulation and optimization of high rock-filled dam construction operations[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(7):863-872.(in Chinese)
[11]李庆斌,林鹏.论智能大坝[J].水力发电学报,2014,33(1):139-146.LI Qingbin,LIN Peng.Demonstration on intelligent dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2014,33(1):139-146.(in Chinese)
[12]樊启祥,强茂山,金和平,等.大型工程建设项目智能化管理[J].水力发电学报,2017,36(2):112-120.FAN Qixiang,QIANG Maoshan,JIN Heping,et al.Intelligent management of large-scale construction projects[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2017,36(2):112-120.(in Chinese)
[13]樊启祥,周绍武,林鹏,等.大型水利水电工程施工智能控制成套技术及应用[J].水利学报,2016,47(7):916-923.FAN Qixiang,ZHOU Shaowu,LIN Peng,et al.Construction intelligent control packaged technology and its application for a large hydropower project[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2016,47(7):916-923.(in Chinese)
[14]樊启祥,张超然.特高拱坝智能化建设技术创新和实践:300 m级溪洛渡拱坝智能化建设[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2018.FAN Qixiang,ZHANG Chaoran.Intelligent construction technology innovation and practice of super-high arch dam:Intelligent construction of Xiluodu arch dam(300m-grade)[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2018.(in Chinese)
[15]朱伯芳,张国新,许平,等.混凝土高坝施工期温度与应力控制决策支持系统[J].水利学报,2008,39(1):1-6.ZHU Bofang,ZHANG Guoxin,XU Ping,et al.Decision making support system for temperature and stress control of high concrete dams in construction period[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2008,39(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[16]樊启祥,洪文浩,汪志林,等.溪洛渡特高拱坝建设项目管理模式创新与实践[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(6):288-293.FAN Qixiang,HONG Wenhao,WANG Zhilin,et al.Innovation and application of construction management strategy for Xiluodu superhigh arch dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(6):288-293.(in Chinese)
[17]李庆斌,林鹏,胡昱.特高拱坝建设科研模式创新与实践:兼论科研工作在溪洛渡拱坝建设项目管理模式中的地位与作用[J].水力发电学报,2013,32(5):281-287.LI Qingbin,LIN Peng,HU Yu.Innovation and application of scientific research strategy to super high arch dam[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2013,32(5):281-287.(in Chinese)
[18]杨宁,李静,周绍武,等.高拱坝混凝土振捣智能控制技术研究与应用[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(8):176-178.YANG Ning,LI Jing,ZHOU Shaowu,et al.Research on intelligent control technology for concrete vibrating quality of high arch dams[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2018(8):176-178.(in Chinese)
[19]钟登华,沈子洋,王佳俊,等.基于实时监控的混凝土坝振捣施工质量动态评价研究[J].水利学报,2018,49(7):775-786.ZHONG Denghua,SHEN Ziyang,WANG Jiajun,et al.Study on dynamic evaluation of vibration quality of concrete dam based on real-time monitoring[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2018,49(7):775-786.(in Chinese)
[20]林鹏,李庆斌,周绍武,等.大体积混凝土通水冷却智能温度控制方法与系统[J].水利学报,2013,44(8):950-957.LIN Peng,LI Qingbin,ZHOU Shaowu,et al.Intelligent cooling control method and system for mass concrete[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(8):950-957.(in Chinese)
[21]张国新,刘毅,朱伯芳,等.高拱坝真实工作性态仿真的理论与方法[J].水力发电学报,2012,31(4):167-174.ZHANG Guoxin,LIU Yi,ZHU Bofang,et al.Theory and method on simulation of actual working performance of high arch dams[J].Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering,2012,31(4):167-174.(in Chinese)
[22]张国新,朱伯芳,金峰,等.高拱坝真实工作性态研究及工程应用[J].中国科技成果,2013(18):65-67.ZHANG Guoxin,ZHU Bofang,JIN Feng,et al.Research on the actual working performance of high arch dam and its engineering application[J].China Science and Technology Achievements,2013(18):65-67.(in Chinese)
[23]张国新,刘有志,周绍武,等.溪洛渡特高拱坝施工期全坝全过程反馈仿真关键技术问题与温控防裂措施优化分析[C]//中国大坝协会,四川大学.2012高坝工程前沿论坛论文集.2012:251-265.ZHANG Guoxin,LIU Youzhi,ZHOU Shaowu,et al.Key technical of the whole process feedback simulation and optimization analysis of temperature control and crack prevention measures during the construction period of Xiluoduo high arch dam[C]//Chinese National Committee on Large Dams,Sichuan University.2012Proceedings of the Frontier Forum of the High Dam Project.2012:251-265.(in Chinese)
[24]左正,胡昱,李庆斌,等.基于实际通水监测的大体积混凝土数字温度监测[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2015,55(1):21-26.ZUO Zheng,HU Yu,LI Qingbin,et al.Temperature monitoring during concrete setting through cooling pipe monitors[J].Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology),2015,55(1):21-26.(in Chinese)