智能背景下测绘科技发展的几点思考
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摘要
测绘学科已经完成由数字化测绘向信息化测绘的跨越。近年来,人工智能引发的智能化测绘模式正逐渐蔓延,给测绘地理信息产业带来了新的挑战。智能测绘硬件装备的发展是推动测绘科技变革的根本动力之一。首先介绍了智能测绘硬件装备的背景及发展现状,然后提出构建云端智能测绘技术体系,指出基于智能硬件+云+智能算法+大数据等,架构云端智能测绘技术,提出云端虚拟测绘装备、行业服务测绘引擎两个概念。在行业服务测绘引擎的支持下,构建云端智能测绘技术体系。可以预见,测绘科技的新变革最终将导致测绘科技基本形态的变革,主要表现为内外业颠覆、专业测绘泛化、数据产品转向服务的趋势。最后,对智能测绘科技下高等教育教学内容、教学模式、从业人员要求、教育改革4个方面进行了分析思考。总体来讲,测绘科学领域的认知理论、智能硬件、物联技术以及云服务技术等正逐渐形成系统的领域应用理论与技术体系,测绘地理信息学科将随着人工智能的潮流完成新一轮的转型和发展。
The surveying and mapping has completed the leap from digital mapping to informational mapping. In recent years, the intelligent surveying and mapping mode triggered by artificial intelligence is gradually spreading, which brings new challenges to the surveying and mapping geographic information industry. The development of intelligent mapping hardware is the fundamental driving force for the transformation of surveying and mapping technology. This paper firstly introduces the background of intelligent mapping hardware. Then, a cloud intelligent mapping technology system is proposed. Based on intelligent hardware, cloud platform, intelligent algorithm and big data, etc., two concepts that cloud virtual mapping equipment and industry service mapping engine are proposed. With the support of the industry service mapping engine, the cloud intelligent mapping technology system is built. It is foreseeable that the new changes in surveying and mapping technology will eventually lead to the transformation of the basic form of surveying and mapping technology, mainly manifested by the internal and external industry subversion, the generalization of professional surveying and mapping, and the trend of data products turning to services. Finally, this paper analyzes the four aspects of higher education teaching content: teaching mode, practitioner requirements and education reform under the intelligent mapping technology. In general, the cognitive theory, intelligent hardware, internet of things technology and cloud service technology in the field of surveying and mapping are gradually forming a systematic system of application theory and technology. The surveying and mapping will complete a new round of transformation and development along with the trend of artificial intelligence.
The surveying and mapping has completed the leap from digital mapping to informational mapping. In recent years, the intelligent surveying and mapping mode triggered by artificial intelligence is gradually spreading, which brings new challenges to the surveying and mapping geographic information industry. The development of intelligent mapping hardware is the fundamental driving force for the transformation of surveying and mapping technology. This paper firstly introduces the background of intelligent mapping hardware. Then, a cloud intelligent mapping technology system is proposed. Based on intelligent hardware, cloud platform, intelligent algorithm and big data, etc., two concepts that cloud virtual mapping equipment and industry service mapping engine are proposed. With the support of the industry service mapping engine, the cloud intelligent mapping technology system is built. It is foreseeable that the new changes in surveying and mapping technology will eventually lead to the transformation of the basic form of surveying and mapping technology, mainly manifested by the internal and external industry subversion, the generalization of professional surveying and mapping, and the trend of data products turning to services. Finally, this paper analyzes the four aspects of higher education teaching content: teaching mode, practitioner requirements and education reform under the intelligent mapping technology. In general, the cognitive theory, intelligent hardware, internet of things technology and cloud service technology in the field of surveying and mapping are gradually forming a systematic system of application theory and technology. The surveying and mapping will complete a new round of transformation and development along with the trend of artificial intelligence.
引文
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[4] Chen Lingzhi,Peng Fangyuan,Wang Yu. Conti- nuing Education in the Mapping and Geographic Information Industry Under the New Situation[J]. Surveying and Mapping, 2014,37(3):142-144(陈灵芝,彭芳媛,王瑜.浅谈新形势下测绘地理信息行业继续教育[J].测绘,2014,37(3):142-144)
[5] Lu Ping, Li Wenjuan. A Brief History of China’s Intelligent Hardware Evolution[J]. The Internet Economy, 2018(8):88-95(陆平,黎文娟.中国智能硬件进化简史[J].互联网经济,2018(8):88-95)
[6] Zhu Qing, Han Huipeng, Yu Jie,et al. Multi-objective Optimization Scheduling Method for UAV Resources in Emergency Surveying and Mapping[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017,42(11):1 608-1 615(朱庆,韩会鹏,于杰,等.应急测绘无人机资源多目标优化调度方法[J].武汉大学学报\5信息科学版,2017,42(11):1 608-1 615)
[7] Liu Y J.The Review of Development of Modern Technology of Surveying and Mapping Methods[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2014, 1 028: 231-233
[8] Ning Jinsheng, Wang Zhengtao. Summary of the Development of Surveying and Mapping Discipline[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2006, 31(1):9-16(宁津生,王正涛.测绘学科发展综述[J].测绘科学,2006, 31(1):9-16)
[9] Li Deren, Wang Yanjun, Shao Zhenfeng. Geo-informatization of New Geographic Information Era[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(1):1-6(李德仁,王艳军,邵振峰.新地理信息时代的信息化测绘[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2012,37(1):1-6)
[10] Zhang Bing. Intelligent Remote Sensing Satellite System[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011, 15(3):415-431(张兵.智能遥感卫星系统[J].遥感学报,2011, 15(3):415-431)
[11] Ning Jinsheng, Yang Kai.New Progress in Sur- veying and Mapping from Digital Mapping to Informatization Surveying and Mapping[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2007, 32(2):5-11 (宁津生,杨凯.从数字化测绘到信息化测绘的测绘学科新进展[J]. 测绘科学, 2007, 32(2):5-11)
[12] Shen Song. Distributed Measurement and Cloud Wisdom Measurement Technology[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2015,34(10):1-7(沈松.分布式测量和云智慧测量技术[J].国外电子测量技术,2015,34(10):1-7)
[13] Ning Jinsheng, Wang Zhengtao. Transformation and Upgrading Development of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation Technology[J]. Geospatial Information, 2016, 14(2):1-5(宁津生,王正涛.测绘与地理信息科技转型升级发展[J].地理空间信息,2016,14(2):1-5)
[14] Li Deren, Wang Mi, Shen Xin,et al. From Earth Observation Satellite to Earth Observation Brain[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017,42(2):143-149(李德仁,王密,沈欣,等.从对地观测卫星到对地观测脑[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2017,42(2):143-149)
[15] Liu Jingnan, Gao Kefu. Challenges and Opportunities for Mapping and Surveying and Location Based Service in the Age of Intelligence[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017,42(11):1 506-1 517(刘经南,高柯夫.智能时代测绘与位置服务领域的挑战与机遇[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2017,42(11):1 506-1 517)
[16] Li Weisen, Zhang Guigang. Development and Transformation of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Innovation[J]. Geospatial Information, 2017,15(10):1-4(李维森,张贵钢.测绘地理信息创新发展与转型升级[J].地理空间信息,2017,15(10):1-4)
[17] Li Deren. From Geomatics to Geospatial Intelligent Service Science[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017,46(10):1 207-1 212(李德仁.从测绘学到地球空间信息智能服务科学[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1 207-1 212)
[2] Li Deyi.Location Services in the Era of Big Data[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2014,39(8):3-6(李德毅.大数据时代的位置服务[J].测绘科学,2014,39(8):3-6)
[3] Liu Jingnan, Fang Yuan, Guo Chi,et al. Reserch Progress in Location Big Data Analysis and Proces- sing[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2014,39(4):379-385(刘经南,方媛,郭迟,等.位置大数据的分析处理研究进展[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2014,39(4):379-385)
[4] Chen Lingzhi,Peng Fangyuan,Wang Yu. Conti- nuing Education in the Mapping and Geographic Information Industry Under the New Situation[J]. Surveying and Mapping, 2014,37(3):142-144(陈灵芝,彭芳媛,王瑜.浅谈新形势下测绘地理信息行业继续教育[J].测绘,2014,37(3):142-144)
[5] Lu Ping, Li Wenjuan. A Brief History of China’s Intelligent Hardware Evolution[J]. The Internet Economy, 2018(8):88-95(陆平,黎文娟.中国智能硬件进化简史[J].互联网经济,2018(8):88-95)
[6] Zhu Qing, Han Huipeng, Yu Jie,et al. Multi-objective Optimization Scheduling Method for UAV Resources in Emergency Surveying and Mapping[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017,42(11):1 608-1 615(朱庆,韩会鹏,于杰,等.应急测绘无人机资源多目标优化调度方法[J].武汉大学学报\5信息科学版,2017,42(11):1 608-1 615)
[7] Liu Y J.The Review of Development of Modern Technology of Surveying and Mapping Methods[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2014, 1 028: 231-233
[8] Ning Jinsheng, Wang Zhengtao. Summary of the Development of Surveying and Mapping Discipline[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2006, 31(1):9-16(宁津生,王正涛.测绘学科发展综述[J].测绘科学,2006, 31(1):9-16)
[9] Li Deren, Wang Yanjun, Shao Zhenfeng. Geo-informatization of New Geographic Information Era[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University,2012,37(1):1-6(李德仁,王艳军,邵振峰.新地理信息时代的信息化测绘[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2012,37(1):1-6)
[10] Zhang Bing. Intelligent Remote Sensing Satellite System[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2011, 15(3):415-431(张兵.智能遥感卫星系统[J].遥感学报,2011, 15(3):415-431)
[11] Ning Jinsheng, Yang Kai.New Progress in Sur- veying and Mapping from Digital Mapping to Informatization Surveying and Mapping[J]. Science of Surveying and Mapping, 2007, 32(2):5-11 (宁津生,杨凯.从数字化测绘到信息化测绘的测绘学科新进展[J]. 测绘科学, 2007, 32(2):5-11)
[12] Shen Song. Distributed Measurement and Cloud Wisdom Measurement Technology[J]. Foreign Electronic Measurement Technology, 2015,34(10):1-7(沈松.分布式测量和云智慧测量技术[J].国外电子测量技术,2015,34(10):1-7)
[13] Ning Jinsheng, Wang Zhengtao. Transformation and Upgrading Development of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation Technology[J]. Geospatial Information, 2016, 14(2):1-5(宁津生,王正涛.测绘与地理信息科技转型升级发展[J].地理空间信息,2016,14(2):1-5)
[14] Li Deren, Wang Mi, Shen Xin,et al. From Earth Observation Satellite to Earth Observation Brain[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017,42(2):143-149(李德仁,王密,沈欣,等.从对地观测卫星到对地观测脑[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2017,42(2):143-149)
[15] Liu Jingnan, Gao Kefu. Challenges and Opportunities for Mapping and Surveying and Location Based Service in the Age of Intelligence[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017,42(11):1 506-1 517(刘经南,高柯夫.智能时代测绘与位置服务领域的挑战与机遇[J].武汉大学学报·信息科学版,2017,42(11):1 506-1 517)
[16] Li Weisen, Zhang Guigang. Development and Transformation of Surveying and Mapping Geographic Information Innovation[J]. Geospatial Information, 2017,15(10):1-4(李维森,张贵钢.测绘地理信息创新发展与转型升级[J].地理空间信息,2017,15(10):1-4)
[17] Li Deren. From Geomatics to Geospatial Intelligent Service Science[J]. Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica, 2017,46(10):1 207-1 212(李德仁.从测绘学到地球空间信息智能服务科学[J].测绘学报,2017,46(10):1 207-1 212)