舱外航天服热控基础科学问题研究进展
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摘要
本文分析了航天员舱外作业时舱外航天服热控系统中的基础科学问题,主要包括:失重环境下的人体热调节模型问题;舱外航天服自动液温调节问题;基于人体热调节模型的暖体假人热控问题。从建立多生理耦合模型、利用人工神经网络进行航天服自动热控、搭建新型暖体假人控制模型等方面对上述问题提出了解决方案以及未来发展建议。
The basic science issues in thermal control of EVA spacesuit were analyzed,including: the issue of human thermoregulation model under weightlessness environment,the issue of automatic liquid temperature adjustment in the EVA spacesuit and the thermal control issue of the thermal manikin based on the human thermoregulation model. The solutions and future development suggestions were put forward from the aspects of establishing multi physiological coupling model,applying artificial neural networks in the spacesuit automatic thermal control,and constructing new thermal manikin control model.
The basic science issues in thermal control of EVA spacesuit were analyzed,including: the issue of human thermoregulation model under weightlessness environment,the issue of automatic liquid temperature adjustment in the EVA spacesuit and the thermal control issue of the thermal manikin based on the human thermoregulation model. The solutions and future development suggestions were put forward from the aspects of establishing multi physiological coupling model,applying artificial neural networks in the spacesuit automatic thermal control,and constructing new thermal manikin control model.
引文
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[3]Wang F,Gao C,Kuklane K,et al.A review of technology of personal heating garments[J].International Journal of Occupational Safety&Ergonomics,2010,16(3):387-404.
[4]Charles JB.Cardiopulmonary function[M]//Arnauld EN,Carolyn LH,Sam LP.Space Physiology&Medicine.Philadelphia:Lea&Febiger,1994:286-304.
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[8]Severin GI.Design to safety:Experience and plans of the Russian space suit programme[J].Acta Astronautica,1994,32(1):15-23.
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[11]Kuznetz LH.A two-dimensional transient mathematical model of human thermoregulation[J].American Journal of Physiology,1979,237(5):R266.
[12]Hensley DW,Mark AE,Wissler EH,et al.Quantitative analysis of glabrous skin blood flow and its role in human thermoregulation[C]//ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference.Puerto Rico:ASME,2012:637-638.
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[18]Pisacane VL,Kuznetz LH,Logan JS,et al.Thermoregulatory models of safety-for-flight issues for space operations[J].Acta Astronautica,2006,59(7):531-546.
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[20]Zhu H,Wang H,Liu Z.Effects of real and simulated weightlessness on the cardiac and peripheral vascular functions of humans:A review[J].International Journal of Occupational Medicine&Environmental Health,2015,28(5):793-802.
[21]Zhu H,Wang H,Liu Z,et al.Experimental study on the human thermal comfort based on the heart rate variability(HRV)analysis under different environments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,616-617(3):1124-1133.
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[23]童力.基于局部换热影响的低压人体热调节模型研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2014.Tong L.Study on low temperature human thermal regulation model based on local heat transfer[D].Qingdao:Qingdao Technological University,2014.
[24]Heldt,Thomas.Computational models of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress[J].J.Appl Phys,2004,92(3):1239-1254.
[25]Keith SM,Batzel JJ,Montani JP.Space physiology IV:mathematical modeling of the cardiovascular system in space exploration[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,2013,113(8):1919-1937.
[26]Webb P.Automatic cooling:Strategies,designs,and evaluations,NASA SP-234[R].Washington DC:NASA,1970.
[27]Smith LF,Campbell AB,Nair SS,et al.Issues in the development of automatic thermal control for portable life support systems[C]//International Conference On Environmental Systems.Friedrichshafen:SAE,1994.
[28]Elbakyan AT,Balashov MM,Filipenkov SN,et al.The automatic thermal control system(ATCS)for the EVA space suit[C]//International Conference On Environmental Systems.Friedrichshafen:SAE,1994.
[29]Nyberg KL,Diller KR,Wissler EH.Model of human/liquid cooling garment interaction for space suit automatic thermal control[J].J Biomech Eng,2001,123(1):114-120.
[30]Campbell AB,French JD,Nair SS,et al.Thermal analysis and design of an advanced space suit[J].Journal of Thermophysics&Heat Transfer,2000,14(2):151-160.
[31]赵朝义,孙金镖,袁修干,等.舱外航天服温控系统的研究现状与展望[J].航天医学与医学工程,1999,12(2):149-153.Zhao CY,Sun JB,Yuan XG,et al.Research status and prospect of extravehicular spacesuit temperature control system[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,1999,12(2):149-153.
[32]赵朝义,孙金镖,袁修干,等.人工神经网络技术在舱外航天服自动温控系统中的应用[J].航空学报,1999,20(Z1):67-68.Zhao CY,Sun JB,Yuan XG,et al.Application of artificial neural network technology in automatic temperature control system for extravehicular spacesuit[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,1999,20(Z1):67-68.
[33]杨凯.舱外航天服暖体假人的研究及其传热模型的建立[D].上海:东华大学,2008.Yang K.Research on extravehicular spacesuit thermal manikin and establishment of its heat transfer model[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2008.
[34]Foda E,Kai S.Design strategy for maximizing the energy-efficiency of a localized floor-heating system using a thermal manikin with human thermoregulatory control[J].Energy&Buildings,2012,51(8):111-121.
[2]Kesterson M,Sverdrup J,Bue G.Wissler simulations of a liquid cooled and ventilation garment(LCVG)for extravehicular activity(EVA)[R].Virginia:SAE,2006.
[3]Wang F,Gao C,Kuklane K,et al.A review of technology of personal heating garments[J].International Journal of Occupational Safety&Ergonomics,2010,16(3):387-404.
[4]Charles JB.Cardiopulmonary function[M]//Arnauld EN,Carolyn LH,Sam LP.Space Physiology&Medicine.Philadelphia:Lea&Febiger,1994:286-304.
[5]Ellwein LM,Tran HT,Zapata C,et al.Sensitivity analysis and model assessment:Mathematical models for arterial blood flow and blood pressure[J].Cardiovascular Engineering,2008,8(2):94-108.
[6]Coats BW,Sharp MK.Simulated stand tests and centrifuge training to prevent orthostatic intolerance on Earth,Moon,and Mars[J].Annals of Biomedical Engineering,2010,38(3):1119-1131.
[7]Portree DSF,Trevino RC.Walking to olympus:An EVA chronology[EB/OL].(1997-10-01)[2018-04-25].https://www.spaceflight.nasa.gov/outreach/Significant Incidents EVA/assets/walking-to-olympus-an-eva-chronology.pdf.
[8]Severin GI.Design to safety:Experience and plans of the Russian space suit programme[J].Acta Astronautica,1994,32(1):15-23.
[9]Dale WM.Temperature,its measurement and control in science and industry[J].International Journal of Radiation Biology&Related Studies in Physics Chemistry&Medicine,1963,6(6):610.
[10]Stolwijk JAJ.A mathematical model of physiological temperati regulation in man,NASA CR-1855[R].Washington DC:NASA,1971.
[11]Kuznetz LH.A two-dimensional transient mathematical model of human thermoregulation[J].American Journal of Physiology,1979,237(5):R266.
[12]Hensley DW,Mark AE,Wissler EH,et al.Quantitative analysis of glabrous skin blood flow and its role in human thermoregulation[C]//ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference.Puerto Rico:ASME,2012:637-638.
[13]Wissler EH.A quantitative assessment of skin blood flow in humans[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,2008,104(2):145-157.
[14]袁修干.人体热调节系统的数学模拟[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,2005.Yuan XG.Mathematical Simulation of Human Heat Conditioning System[M].Beihang University Press,2005.
[15]赵阳.基于Smith模型的三维有限元人体热调节模型[D].大连:大连理工大学,2009.Zhao Y.Three dimensional finite element model of human thermal regulation based on Smith model[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2009.
[16]唐元梁.基于多尺度建模的人体热调节特性计算机模拟[D].合肥:中国科学技术大学,2014.Tang YL.Computer simulation of human thermal regulation based on multi-scale modeling[D].Hefei:University of Science&Technology China,2014.
[17]Yang ZZ,Fei JX,Yu XJ.Thermal comfort and thermoregulation in manned space flight[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Physiology,2013,29(6):518-524.
[18]Pisacane VL,Kuznetz LH,Logan JS,et al.Thermoregulatory models of safety-for-flight issues for space operations[J].Acta Astronautica,2006,59(7):531-546.
[19]杨振中.航天中的人体热舒适研究[D].西安:第四军医大学,2014.Yang ZZ.Research on human thermal comfort in space[D].Xi'an:The Fourth Military Medical University,2014.
[20]Zhu H,Wang H,Liu Z.Effects of real and simulated weightlessness on the cardiac and peripheral vascular functions of humans:A review[J].International Journal of Occupational Medicine&Environmental Health,2015,28(5):793-802.
[21]Zhu H,Wang H,Liu Z,et al.Experimental study on the human thermal comfort based on the heart rate variability(HRV)analysis under different environments[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,616-617(3):1124-1133.
[22]冯岱雅.失重条件下人体心血管系统反应的仿真研究[D].西安:第四军医大学,2005.Feng DY.Simulation of human cardiovascular system response under weightlessness[D].Xi'an:The Fourth Military Medical University,2005.
[23]童力.基于局部换热影响的低压人体热调节模型研究[D].青岛:青岛理工大学,2014.Tong L.Study on low temperature human thermal regulation model based on local heat transfer[D].Qingdao:Qingdao Technological University,2014.
[24]Heldt,Thomas.Computational models of cardiovascular response to orthostatic stress[J].J.Appl Phys,2004,92(3):1239-1254.
[25]Keith SM,Batzel JJ,Montani JP.Space physiology IV:mathematical modeling of the cardiovascular system in space exploration[J].European Journal of Applied Physiology,2013,113(8):1919-1937.
[26]Webb P.Automatic cooling:Strategies,designs,and evaluations,NASA SP-234[R].Washington DC:NASA,1970.
[27]Smith LF,Campbell AB,Nair SS,et al.Issues in the development of automatic thermal control for portable life support systems[C]//International Conference On Environmental Systems.Friedrichshafen:SAE,1994.
[28]Elbakyan AT,Balashov MM,Filipenkov SN,et al.The automatic thermal control system(ATCS)for the EVA space suit[C]//International Conference On Environmental Systems.Friedrichshafen:SAE,1994.
[29]Nyberg KL,Diller KR,Wissler EH.Model of human/liquid cooling garment interaction for space suit automatic thermal control[J].J Biomech Eng,2001,123(1):114-120.
[30]Campbell AB,French JD,Nair SS,et al.Thermal analysis and design of an advanced space suit[J].Journal of Thermophysics&Heat Transfer,2000,14(2):151-160.
[31]赵朝义,孙金镖,袁修干,等.舱外航天服温控系统的研究现状与展望[J].航天医学与医学工程,1999,12(2):149-153.Zhao CY,Sun JB,Yuan XG,et al.Research status and prospect of extravehicular spacesuit temperature control system[J].Space Medicine&Medical Engineering,1999,12(2):149-153.
[32]赵朝义,孙金镖,袁修干,等.人工神经网络技术在舱外航天服自动温控系统中的应用[J].航空学报,1999,20(Z1):67-68.Zhao CY,Sun JB,Yuan XG,et al.Application of artificial neural network technology in automatic temperature control system for extravehicular spacesuit[J].Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,1999,20(Z1):67-68.
[33]杨凯.舱外航天服暖体假人的研究及其传热模型的建立[D].上海:东华大学,2008.Yang K.Research on extravehicular spacesuit thermal manikin and establishment of its heat transfer model[D].Shanghai:Donghua University,2008.
[34]Foda E,Kai S.Design strategy for maximizing the energy-efficiency of a localized floor-heating system using a thermal manikin with human thermoregulatory control[J].Energy&Buildings,2012,51(8):111-121.