小麦被不同生长发育阶段的谷蠹侵害后其脂类的变化
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摘要
探究小麦被不同虫态谷蠹蛀蚀后其脂类物质的变化规律,为小麦的安全储藏提供理论参考与指导。以河南普通矮抗58小麦为研究对象,在谷蠹最适的生长发育条件下(32℃±1℃,RH75%±1%)对小麦进行侵害,通过对不同发育阶段(卵期、幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期)谷蠹侵害后的小麦粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸值和脂肪酸组成进行测定,研究其变化规律并进行差异性分析。结果表明:与未被谷蠹蛀蚀的对照样相比,小麦经不同虫期的谷蠹蛀蚀后其粗脂肪含量逐渐降低,且在卵期到幼虫期下降幅度最大,由卵期的4.09%下降到幼虫期的2.04%,下降幅度达50.1%,由幼虫期发育到蛹期和蛹期发育到成虫期时下降幅度缓慢,各虫期与原始样相比均有显著差异性,而蛹期和成虫期之间相比无显著差异性;脂肪酸值持续升高,幼虫期发育到蛹期时变化不明显,蛹期发育到成虫期变化最明显,变化幅度最大,各虫期与原始样相比均差异性显著。谷蠹侵害后全麦粉脂肪酸组成发生了不同程度的改变,且各脂肪酸组分及种类在谷蠹侵害的不同时期变化相差较大,变化幅度差异性显著。结果表明,不同虫期的谷蠹蛀蚀小麦后对小麦的粗脂肪含量、脂肪酸值及脂肪酸组成均有一定的影响且较为明显。因此,在储藏期间不仅要注意谷蠹的数量,而且应该注意和防治谷蠹的生长发育。
Exploring the effects of Rhyzopertha dominica of different development stages infestation on wheat lipids provides some references for the safe storage of wheat. The effects different developmental stages of R.dominica infestation on the changes of crude lipids content,fatty acid value and the fatty acid compositions in wheat were investigated. The results showed that the crude lipids contents decreased obviously with the R.dominica growth and development in the wheat kernels. The egg and larval stages resulted in the largest decline from 4.09% to 2.04%,with a decrease range of 50.1%. During the larval stage to pupa stage and pupa stage to the adult stage,the decline rate was slow,and the each stage had significant difference compared with the original stage,while there was no significant difference between the pupal stage and the adult stage. Fatty acid value sustained increasing,the change of larvae stage to pupae stage was not obvious. The change of pupae stage to adult stage was the most obvious and the range of change was the largest. There was significant difference between each stage and the original sample. The composition of fatty acids in whole wheat flour changed,and the fatty acid components varied greatly in different periods,with significant differences in various range. The results showed that the crude lipid content,fatty acid value and fatty acid composition of wheat were affected by R.dominica of different growth stages. Therefore,during the storage period,the number of R. dominica and their development stages should be paid more attention.
Exploring the effects of Rhyzopertha dominica of different development stages infestation on wheat lipids provides some references for the safe storage of wheat. The effects different developmental stages of R.dominica infestation on the changes of crude lipids content,fatty acid value and the fatty acid compositions in wheat were investigated. The results showed that the crude lipids contents decreased obviously with the R.dominica growth and development in the wheat kernels. The egg and larval stages resulted in the largest decline from 4.09% to 2.04%,with a decrease range of 50.1%. During the larval stage to pupa stage and pupa stage to the adult stage,the decline rate was slow,and the each stage had significant difference compared with the original stage,while there was no significant difference between the pupal stage and the adult stage. Fatty acid value sustained increasing,the change of larvae stage to pupae stage was not obvious. The change of pupae stage to adult stage was the most obvious and the range of change was the largest. There was significant difference between each stage and the original sample. The composition of fatty acids in whole wheat flour changed,and the fatty acid components varied greatly in different periods,with significant differences in various range. The results showed that the crude lipid content,fatty acid value and fatty acid composition of wheat were affected by R.dominica of different growth stages. Therefore,during the storage period,the number of R. dominica and their development stages should be paid more attention.
引文
[1]EISSA F I,ZIDAN N E H A,HASHEM M Y,et al.Insecticidal efficacy of certain bioinsecticides,diatomaceous earth and modified atmospheres against Rhyzopertha dominica(F.)(Coleoptera:Bostrichidae)on stored wheat[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,2014,57(4):30-35.
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[3]张玉荣,左祥莉,暴洁,等.不同发育阶段谷蠹侵害对储藏小麦蛋白结构的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):287-294.
[4]张玉荣,暴洁,符杰,等.不同生长发育阶段的谷蠹对小麦淀粉含量及其糊化特性的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2016,12(2):14-18.
[5]张玉荣,张鸿一,周显青,等.小麦受谷蠹侵害后其水分和容重变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(2):16-21.
[6]张玉荣,暴洁,周显青,等.谷蠹不同虫态蛀蚀对小麦成分及食用品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):307-314.
[7]张玉荣,暴洁,张乃建,等.谷蠹不同虫态蛀蚀对小麦质量品质及蛋白特性的影响研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(4):1-7.
[8]宋永令,罗永康,张丽娜,等.不同温度贮藏期间团头鲂品质的变化规律[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(4):104-110.
[9]谢新华,郭东旭,等.脂肪酸对小麦淀粉糊化特性及热特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(7):957-962.
[10]章绍兵,陆启玉,吕燕红.脂类对面条品质的影响[J].粮油食品科技,2005,13(1):12-15.
[11]SALMAN H,COPELAND L.Effect of storage on fat acidity and pasting characteristics of wheat flour[J].Cereal Chemistry,2007,84(6):600-606.
[12]王殿轩,王利丹,王丹.玉米象感染小麦程度与储藏相关品质变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(3):9-12.
[13]JOOD S,KAPOOR A C,SINGH R.Effect of insect infestation and storage on lipids of cereal grains[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996,44(6):1502-1506.
[14]朱光有,张玉荣,周显青,等.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其粉质特性动态变化[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(10):21-25.
[15]KESKIN S,OZKAYA H.Effect of storage and insect infestation on the technological properties of wheat[J].Cy TA-Journal of Food,2014,13(1):134-139.
[16]李桂华.油料油脂检验与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006:270.
[17]张元培.展望新世纪的优质小麦品种研究与开发(三)——小麦脂类及其对制成品品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,1998(9):4-6.
[18]杨淑慎,高俊凤.活性氧、自由基与植物的衰老[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(2):215-220.
[19]郭琳琳,孙丽琴,刘继明.储藏过程中小麦粉脂肪酸值变化规律的研究[J].粮食储藏,2006,35(1):46-48.
[20]钱君,刘俊峰.浅谈小麦不完善粒对面粉加工品质的影响[J].黑龙江粮油科技,2001,12(2):56-56.
[2]张玉荣,暴洁,周显青,等.谷蠹侵害后小麦品质变化的研究进展[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(3):118-124.
[3]张玉荣,左祥莉,暴洁,等.不同发育阶段谷蠹侵害对储藏小麦蛋白结构的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(12):287-294.
[4]张玉荣,暴洁,符杰,等.不同生长发育阶段的谷蠹对小麦淀粉含量及其糊化特性的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2016,12(2):14-18.
[5]张玉荣,张鸿一,周显青,等.小麦受谷蠹侵害后其水分和容重变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(2):16-21.
[6]张玉荣,暴洁,周显青,等.谷蠹不同虫态蛀蚀对小麦成分及食用品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2016,32(16):307-314.
[7]张玉荣,暴洁,张乃建,等.谷蠹不同虫态蛀蚀对小麦质量品质及蛋白特性的影响研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2015,36(4):1-7.
[8]宋永令,罗永康,张丽娜,等.不同温度贮藏期间团头鲂品质的变化规律[J].中国农业大学学报,2010,15(4):104-110.
[9]谢新华,郭东旭,等.脂肪酸对小麦淀粉糊化特性及热特性的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2014,34(7):957-962.
[10]章绍兵,陆启玉,吕燕红.脂类对面条品质的影响[J].粮油食品科技,2005,13(1):12-15.
[11]SALMAN H,COPELAND L.Effect of storage on fat acidity and pasting characteristics of wheat flour[J].Cereal Chemistry,2007,84(6):600-606.
[12]王殿轩,王利丹,王丹.玉米象感染小麦程度与储藏相关品质变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,27(3):9-12.
[13]JOOD S,KAPOOR A C,SINGH R.Effect of insect infestation and storage on lipids of cereal grains[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1996,44(6):1502-1506.
[14]朱光有,张玉荣,周显青,等.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其粉质特性动态变化[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(10):21-25.
[15]KESKIN S,OZKAYA H.Effect of storage and insect infestation on the technological properties of wheat[J].Cy TA-Journal of Food,2014,13(1):134-139.
[16]李桂华.油料油脂检验与分析[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2006:270.
[17]张元培.展望新世纪的优质小麦品种研究与开发(三)——小麦脂类及其对制成品品质的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,1998(9):4-6.
[18]杨淑慎,高俊凤.活性氧、自由基与植物的衰老[J].西北植物学报,2001,21(2):215-220.
[19]郭琳琳,孙丽琴,刘继明.储藏过程中小麦粉脂肪酸值变化规律的研究[J].粮食储藏,2006,35(1):46-48.
[20]钱君,刘俊峰.浅谈小麦不完善粒对面粉加工品质的影响[J].黑龙江粮油科技,2001,12(2):56-56.