谷蠹最适生长条件和生长发育阶段的划分研究
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摘要
为了更准确地了解不同发育阶段的谷蠹在储粮过程中的危害情况,以谷蠹为研究对象,河南普通矮抗58小麦(储藏时间1 a)为其饲料,培养于人工气候箱中,采用染色法和剖粒法对小麦的害虫感染情况进行测定,研究谷蠹的最适生长条件和不同生长期的划分。结果表明:在(30±1)℃、RH(75±2)%条件下,小麦的谷蠹最大接种密度为8 000头/kg;在8 000头/kg的接种密度和RH(75±2)%条件下,谷蠹最适生长环境温度为30℃;在(30±1)℃,8 000头/kg的接种密度条件下,小麦的谷蠹最佳感染相对湿度为70%。由响应面分析可知:谷蠹的接种密度是影响小麦感染率的主要因素,空气相对湿度次之,温度对小麦的感染率影响最小。谷蠹的接种密度、空气相对湿度和温度的影响都极为显著(P<0.01)。温度与湿度、温度与虫口密度和湿度与虫口密度之间交互作用明显,最佳落点在试验考察的区域内。经过响应面回归分析得到的谷蠹最佳感染条件为温度30.28℃、空气相对湿度78%和虫口接种密度为8 000头/kg;在此条件下谷蠹对小麦感染率的预测值为90.30%,通过验证试验谷蠹对小麦的感染率为90.64%,预测值与实际结果相对误差为0.38%<0.5%,与理论值拟合度较好,预测值具有可参考性。在最适条件下,谷蠹的平均发育历期为32.64 d,卵期、幼虫期、蛹期和成虫期的平均发育历期6.15、16.56、6.98、2.85 d。
In order to accurately know about the damage of the different developmental stages of Rhyzopertha dominicain in stored grain,R. dominicain was reared on wheat(variety aikang 58,which has been stored for 1 year) in climate chambers. The infestation in wheat was determined by staining and split section method,and the optimum growth conditions and different growth stages were studied. The results showed that the maximum R.dominicain inoculation density in wheat was 8 000 adults per kilogaram under 30 ℃±1 ℃,75%± 2% RH. Under the inoculation density of 8 000 adults per kilogaram and RH 75% ± 2%,the optimum environment temperature of R. dominicain was 30 ℃. Under the condition of inoculation density at 30℃ ±1℃,8 000 adults per kilogaram,the optimum relative humidity of A infestation for wheat was 70%. From the response surface analysis,the inoculation density of R. dominicain was the main factor affecting the infestation rate of wheat,the air relative humidity was the second,and the temperature had the least influence on the infestation rate of wheat.The effect of inoculation density,air relative humidity and temperature on R. dominicain was very significant(P<0.01). The interaction between temperature and humidity,temperature,the density and humidity of the insect and the density of the mouth of the insect is obvious,and the best drop was in the area of the test. The optimum condition for R. dominicain infestation by response surface regressi on analysis was 30.28 ℃,RH 78% and inoculation density of 8 000 adults per kilogaram. Under the condition,R. dominicain infestation rate in wheat was90.30% in theory,and the R. dominicain infestation rate was 90.64% by experimental verification. The relative error of the predictive value and the actual result was 0.38% <0.2%,fitting well with the theoretical value,and the value prediction had a reference. Under the optimum conditions,the average growth developmental period of the R. dominicain was 32.64 days,the average developmental period of egg stage,larval stage,pupal stage and adult stage was 6.15,16.56,6.98 and 2.85 d,respectively.
In order to accurately know about the damage of the different developmental stages of Rhyzopertha dominicain in stored grain,R. dominicain was reared on wheat(variety aikang 58,which has been stored for 1 year) in climate chambers. The infestation in wheat was determined by staining and split section method,and the optimum growth conditions and different growth stages were studied. The results showed that the maximum R.dominicain inoculation density in wheat was 8 000 adults per kilogaram under 30 ℃±1 ℃,75%± 2% RH. Under the inoculation density of 8 000 adults per kilogaram and RH 75% ± 2%,the optimum environment temperature of R. dominicain was 30 ℃. Under the condition of inoculation density at 30℃ ±1℃,8 000 adults per kilogaram,the optimum relative humidity of A infestation for wheat was 70%. From the response surface analysis,the inoculation density of R. dominicain was the main factor affecting the infestation rate of wheat,the air relative humidity was the second,and the temperature had the least influence on the infestation rate of wheat.The effect of inoculation density,air relative humidity and temperature on R. dominicain was very significant(P<0.01). The interaction between temperature and humidity,temperature,the density and humidity of the insect and the density of the mouth of the insect is obvious,and the best drop was in the area of the test. The optimum condition for R. dominicain infestation by response surface regressi on analysis was 30.28 ℃,RH 78% and inoculation density of 8 000 adults per kilogaram. Under the condition,R. dominicain infestation rate in wheat was90.30% in theory,and the R. dominicain infestation rate was 90.64% by experimental verification. The relative error of the predictive value and the actual result was 0.38% <0.2%,fitting well with the theoretical value,and the value prediction had a reference. Under the optimum conditions,the average growth developmental period of the R. dominicain was 32.64 days,the average developmental period of egg stage,larval stage,pupal stage and adult stage was 6.15,16.56,6.98 and 2.85 d,respectively.
引文
[1]CAMPBELL A,SINHA R N.Damage of wheat by feeding of some stored product beetles[J].Journal of Economic Entomology,1976,69(1):11-13.
[2]郝家伟,于素平,管超.小麦品质控制与粮食储存[C]//中国粮油学会储藏专业分会2004年学术年会,2004.
[3]辛东华,刘继生.谷蠹的生物学特征[J].黑龙江科技信息,2011(33):33.
[4]SWAMINATHAN M.Effect of insect infestation on weight loss,hygienic condition,acceptability and nutritive value of foodgrains[J].Indian Journal of Nutrition&Dietetics,1977.
[5]MILLS J T.Insect-fungus associations influencing seed deterioration[J].Phytopathology,1983,73(2):330.
[6]JOOD S.Biological evaluation of protein quality of wheat as affected by inest infestation[J].Food Chemistry,1992,45(3):169-174.
[7]郭长征,陈巨宏.小麦受谷蠹危害后储藏品质的变化[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2005,21(1):45-46.
[8]王江波.全国每年储粮损失110亿公斤,国家启动科学储粮试点[J].食品科技,2008(6):36.
[9]兰盛斌,郭道林,严晓平,等.我国粮食储藏的现状与未来发展趋势[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2008,24(4):2-6.
[10]FLINN P W,HAGSTRUM D W,REED C,et al.Simulation model of Rhyzopertha dominica population dynamics in concrete grain bins[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,2004,40(1):39-45.
[11]张立力,权永红.谷蠹生态学特性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,1995(4):12-17.
[12]张玉荣,张鸿一,周显青,等.小麦受谷蠹侵害后其水分和容重变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(2):16-21.
[13]朱光有,张玉荣,周显青,等.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其粉质特性动态变化[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(10):21-25.
[14]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青,等.蛀食害虫侵害小麦后不同蛀蚀程度损伤粒储藏品质变化[J].粮食加工,2011,36(5):7-12.
[15]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其面筋蛋白结构的变化[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(5):6-10.
[16]张玉荣,周显青,张鸿一.小麦被蛀食害虫侵害后其面条质构参数的参数动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):344-351.
[17]张玉荣,周显青,张鸿一,等.小麦被蛀食性害虫侵害后其加工品质的动态变化[C]//Proceedings of 2010 First International Conference on Cellular,Molecular Biology,Biophysics and Bioengineering(Volume 7).International Science and Engineering Center,Hong Kong,Wuhan Institute of Technology,China,2010.
[18]张玉荣,王海荣,周显青,等.蛀食性害虫侵害小麦后损伤分型指标研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014(9):7-11.
[19]王殿轩,彭娟,唐多,等.谷蠹致小麦千粒重和虫蚀粒变化及其与产生CO2对应性研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(1):11-15.
[20]GOLEBIOWSKA Z.The feeding and fecundity of Sitophilus granarius(L.),Sitophilusorvzae(L.)and Rhyzopertha dominica(F.)in wheat grain[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,1969,5(2):143-155.
[21]JOOD S,KAPOOR A.Protein and uric acid contents of cereal grains as affected by insect infestation[J].Food Chemistry,1993,46(2):143-146.
[22]白旭光.储藏物害虫与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[23]BRADER B,LEE R C,PLARRE R,et al.A comparison of screening methods for insect contamination in wheat[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,2002,38(1):75-86.
[2]郝家伟,于素平,管超.小麦品质控制与粮食储存[C]//中国粮油学会储藏专业分会2004年学术年会,2004.
[3]辛东华,刘继生.谷蠹的生物学特征[J].黑龙江科技信息,2011(33):33.
[4]SWAMINATHAN M.Effect of insect infestation on weight loss,hygienic condition,acceptability and nutritive value of foodgrains[J].Indian Journal of Nutrition&Dietetics,1977.
[5]MILLS J T.Insect-fungus associations influencing seed deterioration[J].Phytopathology,1983,73(2):330.
[6]JOOD S.Biological evaluation of protein quality of wheat as affected by inest infestation[J].Food Chemistry,1992,45(3):169-174.
[7]郭长征,陈巨宏.小麦受谷蠹危害后储藏品质的变化[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2005,21(1):45-46.
[8]王江波.全国每年储粮损失110亿公斤,国家启动科学储粮试点[J].食品科技,2008(6):36.
[9]兰盛斌,郭道林,严晓平,等.我国粮食储藏的现状与未来发展趋势[J].粮油仓储科技通讯,2008,24(4):2-6.
[10]FLINN P W,HAGSTRUM D W,REED C,et al.Simulation model of Rhyzopertha dominica population dynamics in concrete grain bins[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,2004,40(1):39-45.
[11]张立力,权永红.谷蠹生态学特性的研究[J].中国粮油学报,1995(4):12-17.
[12]张玉荣,张鸿一,周显青,等.小麦受谷蠹侵害后其水分和容重变化研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2009,30(2):16-21.
[13]朱光有,张玉荣,周显青,等.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其粉质特性动态变化[J].中国粮油学报,2011,26(10):21-25.
[14]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青,等.蛀食害虫侵害小麦后不同蛀蚀程度损伤粒储藏品质变化[J].粮食加工,2011,36(5):7-12.
[15]张玉荣,刘四奎,周显青.小麦受蛀食性害虫侵害后其面筋蛋白结构的变化[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2011,32(5):6-10.
[16]张玉荣,周显青,张鸿一.小麦被蛀食害虫侵害后其面条质构参数的参数动态变化[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(6):344-351.
[17]张玉荣,周显青,张鸿一,等.小麦被蛀食性害虫侵害后其加工品质的动态变化[C]//Proceedings of 2010 First International Conference on Cellular,Molecular Biology,Biophysics and Bioengineering(Volume 7).International Science and Engineering Center,Hong Kong,Wuhan Institute of Technology,China,2010.
[18]张玉荣,王海荣,周显青,等.蛀食性害虫侵害小麦后损伤分型指标研究[J].粮食与饲料工业,2014(9):7-11.
[19]王殿轩,彭娟,唐多,等.谷蠹致小麦千粒重和虫蚀粒变化及其与产生CO2对应性研究[J].河南工业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,35(1):11-15.
[20]GOLEBIOWSKA Z.The feeding and fecundity of Sitophilus granarius(L.),Sitophilusorvzae(L.)and Rhyzopertha dominica(F.)in wheat grain[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,1969,5(2):143-155.
[21]JOOD S,KAPOOR A.Protein and uric acid contents of cereal grains as affected by insect infestation[J].Food Chemistry,1993,46(2):143-146.
[22]白旭光.储藏物害虫与防治[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.
[23]BRADER B,LEE R C,PLARRE R,et al.A comparison of screening methods for insect contamination in wheat[J].Journal of Stored Products Research,2002,38(1):75-86.