稀释气对天然气掺甲醇裂解气预混层流燃烧特性的影响
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摘要
运用了定容燃烧弹-纹影系统球形发展火焰的研究方法,用体积比H2:CO=2:1的混合气来模拟甲醇裂解气,用N_2和CO_2作为稀释气,在初始温度为343 K、初始压力为0.3 MPa的条件下进行了稀释气-天然气-甲醇裂解气-空气预混燃烧试验,研究了不同当量比(0.8～1.4)下不同稀释气种类(N2和C02)及不同稀释气添加比例(0.05、0.1、0.15)对天然气-甲醇裂解气-空气(其中甲醇裂解气体积占比0.4、天然气体积占比0.6)层流燃烧速度、马克斯坦长度及胞状结构等燃烧特性的影响.并且在不添加稀释气的条件下,进行了同样初始温度和压力下的天然气(1/0.6/0.2)-甲醇裂解气(0/0.4/0.8)-空气预混层流燃烧的对比试验.结果表明:掺甲酵裂解气会增加混合气层流燃烧速率,促进胞状结构的产生;添加稀释气会降低层流燃烧速率;CO_2对流体动力学不稳定性的抑制作用以及对热扩散不稳定性的促进作用强于N2.在此条件下,热扩散不稳定性是影响火焰不稳定性的主要因素.
The experiments were conducted with the method of constant-pressure spherical flame in a constant-volume combustion chamber by using a schlieren system. Mixture(H2:CO=2:1 by volume)was used to simulate the dissociated methanol gas, and N2/CO_2 were used as diluent gases. The experiments were conducted in the condition of initial temperature for 343 K and initial pressure for0.3 MPa.The effects of different kinds of diluent gases(N2,CO_2) and different adding proportions of diluent gas(0.05, 0.1, 0.15) under different equivalence ratios(0.8～1.4) on burning characteristics such as laminar burning velocities、 Markstein lengths and cellular structures in natural gas-dissociated methanol gas-air mixture(ratio of dissociated methanol gas was 0.4 while that of natural gas was 0.6 by volume) were studied. Moreover, experiments of natural gas(1/0.6/0.2)-dissociated methanol gas(0/0.4/0.8)-air mixture were conducted under the same temperature and pressure. The result showed that it would increase the laminar burning velocities and the generation of cellular structures when adding dissociated methanol gas, however, it would decrease the laminar burning velocities while adding diluent gas. The suppression of CO_2 on hydrodynamic instability and the promotion of CO_2 on thermodynamic instability was stronger than that of N2. The flame instability was mainly affected by thermodynamic instability in this paper.
The experiments were conducted with the method of constant-pressure spherical flame in a constant-volume combustion chamber by using a schlieren system. Mixture(H2:CO=2:1 by volume)was used to simulate the dissociated methanol gas, and N2/CO_2 were used as diluent gases. The experiments were conducted in the condition of initial temperature for 343 K and initial pressure for0.3 MPa.The effects of different kinds of diluent gases(N2,CO_2) and different adding proportions of diluent gas(0.05, 0.1, 0.15) under different equivalence ratios(0.8～1.4) on burning characteristics such as laminar burning velocities、 Markstein lengths and cellular structures in natural gas-dissociated methanol gas-air mixture(ratio of dissociated methanol gas was 0.4 while that of natural gas was 0.6 by volume) were studied. Moreover, experiments of natural gas(1/0.6/0.2)-dissociated methanol gas(0/0.4/0.8)-air mixture were conducted under the same temperature and pressure. The result showed that it would increase the laminar burning velocities and the generation of cellular structures when adding dissociated methanol gas, however, it would decrease the laminar burning velocities while adding diluent gas. The suppression of CO_2 on hydrodynamic instability and the promotion of CO_2 on thermodynamic instability was stronger than that of N2. The flame instability was mainly affected by thermodynamic instability in this paper.
引文
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[8] Zhang Y, Shang R, Shen W, et al. Extinction Limit and Near-limit Kinetics of Lean Premixed Stretched H2-COair Flames[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016, 41(39):17687-17694
[9]方葛文,高孝洪.点燃式发动机掺烧甲醇裂解气的研究[J].内燃机学报,1993, 11(2):131-136FANG Gewen, GAO Xiaohong. Study on Spark-IgnitionEngine Fueled with Gasoline Blended with Dissociated Methanol Gas[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 1993,11(2):131-136
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[11] Duan J, Liu F, Sun B. Backfire Control and Power Enhancement of a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(9):4581-4589
[12]刘兵,黄印玉,黄佐华,等.天然气掺氢火花点火发动机性能与排放研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2008, 40(11):1268-1284LIU Bing, HUANG Yinyu, HUANG Zuohua, et al. Experimental Study on Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with CNG-Hydrogen Mixtures[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2008, 40(11):1268-1284
[13] Hu X, Yu Q, Liu J. Chemical Effect of CO_2 on the Laminar Flame Speeds of oxy-methane Mixtures in the Condition of Various Equivalence Ratios and Oxygen Concentrations[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.2016, 41(33):15068-15077
[14]张烜,黄佐华,喻武.高温高压条件下甲醇裂解气-空气-稀释气层流火焰传播速度和马克斯坦长度研究[J].内燃机学报,2010, 28(3):214-220ZHANG Xuan, HUANG Zuohua, YU Wu, et al. Experimental Study on Laminar Burning Velocity and Markstein Length of Dissociated Methanol-Air-Diluent Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures[J]. Transactions of CSICE,2010, 28(3):214-220
[15] Li H M, Li G X, Sun Z Y, et al. Effect of Dilution on Laminar Burning Characteristics of H_2/CO/CO_2/air PreMixed Flames with Various Hydrogen Fractions[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016, 74:160-168
[16] Shang R, Zhang Y, Zhu M, et al. Laminar Flame Speed of CO_2 and N2 Diluted H2/CO/air Flames[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(33):15056-15067
[17]廖世勇.内燃机替代燃料预混燃烧基础研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2005LIAO Shiyong. Basic Research on Alternative Fuel Premixed Combustion of Internal Combustion Engine[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2005
[18] Chen Z. On the Extraction of Laminar Flame Speed and Markstein Length From Outwardly Propagating Spherical Flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2011, 158(2):291-300
[19]胡二江.天然气-氢气混合燃料结合EGR的发动机和预混层流燃烧研究[D].西安交通大学,2010HU Erjiang. Study on Engine and Premixed Laminar Combustion Fueled with Natural Gas-Hydrogen Blends Combined with EGR[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2010
[20] Bouvet N, Halter F, Chauveau C, et al. On the Effective Lewis Number Formulations for Lean Hydrogen/hydrocarbon/air Mixtures[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38(14):5949-5960
[21] Kelley A P, Law C K. Nonlinear Effects in the Extraction of Laminar Flame Speeds From Expanding Spherical Flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2009, 156:1844-1851
[22] Qiao L, Kim C H, Faeth G M. Suppression Effects of Diluents on Laminar Premixed hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen Flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2005, 143(1/2):79-96
[23]暴秀超,刘福水,孙作宇.预混火焰胞状不稳定性研究[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 33(1):79-83BAO Xiuchao, LIU Fushui, SUN Zuoyu. Study on Instability of Outwardly Propagating Spherical Premixed Flame[J]. Journal of Xihua University-Natural Science,2014, 33(1):79-83
[24] Kwon O C, Rozenchan G, Law C K. Cellular Instabilities and Self-acceleration of Outwardly Propagating Spherical Flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2002,29(2):1775-1783
[25] Mannaa O, Mansour M S, Roberts W L, et al. Laminar Burning Velocities at Elevated Pressures for Gasoline and Gasoline Surrogates Associated With RON[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015 162(6):2311-2321
[26] Cai X, Wang J, Zhang W, et al. Effects of Oxygen Enrichment on Laminar Burning Velocities and Markstein Lengths of CH4/O2/N2 Flames at Elevated Pressures[J].Fuel, 2016, 184:466-473
[27] Lowry W, Vries J, Krejci M,et al. Laminar Flame Speed Measurements and Modeling of Pure Alkanes and Alkane Blends at Elevated Pressures[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2011, 133(9):855-873
[28] Wu X, Huang Z, Wang X, et al. Laminar Burning Velocities and Flame Instabilities of 2, 5-dimethylfuran-air Mixtures at Elevated Pressures[J]. Combustion and Flame,2011, 158(3):539-546
[29] Brown M J, McLean I C, Smith D B, et al. Markstein Lengths of CO/H2/air Flames, Using Expanding Spherical Flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,1996, 26(1):875-881
[30] Prathap C, Ray A, Ravi M R. Investigation of Nitrogen Dilution Effects on the Laminar Burning Velocity and Flame Stability of Syngas Fuel at Atmospheric Condition[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2008, 155(1/2):145-160
[2]王金华.天然气一氢气混合燃料直喷燃烧特性和预混层流火焰研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2009WANG Jinhua. Study on Direct Injection Combustion and Laminar Premixed Flame Characteristics Fueled with Natural Gas-Hydrogen Blends[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2009
[3]张勇,黄佐华,廖世勇,等.天然气-氢气-空气混合气的层流燃烧速度测定[J].内燃机学报,2006, 24(5):97-103ZHANG Yong, HUANG Zuohua, LIAO Shiyong, et al.Measurements of Laminar Burning Velocities for Natural Gas-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures[J]. Transactions of CSICE,2006, 24(2):97-103
[4]刘晓佩.氢气-天然气混合燃料贫预混旋流燃烧特性研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016LIU Xiaopei. Investigation on the Combustion Characteristics of Hydrogen/Natural Gas Hybrid Fuel of Leanpremixed Swirl Flame[D]. Beijing:The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2016
[5]张猛,王金华,谢永亮,等.CH4/H_2/air预混湍流火焰前锋面结构探测[J].西安交通大学学报,2013, 47(11):14-18ZHANG Meng, WANG Jinhua, XIE Yongliang, et al.Measurement of Flame Front Structure of Turbulent Premixed Flames for CH4/H_2/Air Mixtures[J]. Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2013, 47(11):14-18
[6] Lee S W, Choi W, Cho Y S, et al. Characterization of HCNG Combustion and Emission Characteristics in a Constant Volume Chamber with a Single and a Dual Spark Plug Configuration[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2012, 37(1):682-690
[7]韩敏超,艾育华,陈正,等.不同预热温度下H_2/CO/02/C02的层流火焰传播特性[J].工程热物理学报,2016,37(1):189-193HAN Minchao, AI Yuhua, CHEN Zheng, et al. Study on Laminar Flame Characteristics of H2/CO/O2/CO2 Mixtures at Different Preheating Temperatures[J]. Journal of Engineering Thermophysics, 2016, 37(1):189-193
[8] Zhang Y, Shang R, Shen W, et al. Extinction Limit and Near-limit Kinetics of Lean Premixed Stretched H2-COair Flames[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016, 41(39):17687-17694
[9]方葛文,高孝洪.点燃式发动机掺烧甲醇裂解气的研究[J].内燃机学报,1993, 11(2):131-136FANG Gewen, GAO Xiaohong. Study on Spark-IgnitionEngine Fueled with Gasoline Blended with Dissociated Methanol Gas[J]. Transactions of CSICE, 1993,11(2):131-136
[10]马凡华,刘海全,李勇,等.氢内燃机缸内燃烧特性[J].内燃机工程,2008, 29(1):29-33MA Fanhua, LIU Haiquan, LI Yong, et al. Analysis of In-Cylinder Combustion of Hydrogen Fueled Engine[J].Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2008,29(1):29-33
[11] Duan J, Liu F, Sun B. Backfire Control and Power Enhancement of a Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2014, 39(9):4581-4589
[12]刘兵,黄印玉,黄佐华,等.天然气掺氢火花点火发动机性能与排放研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2008, 40(11):1268-1284LIU Bing, HUANG Yinyu, HUANG Zuohua, et al. Experimental Study on Performance and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with CNG-Hydrogen Mixtures[J].Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2008, 40(11):1268-1284
[13] Hu X, Yu Q, Liu J. Chemical Effect of CO_2 on the Laminar Flame Speeds of oxy-methane Mixtures in the Condition of Various Equivalence Ratios and Oxygen Concentrations[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy.2016, 41(33):15068-15077
[14]张烜,黄佐华,喻武.高温高压条件下甲醇裂解气-空气-稀释气层流火焰传播速度和马克斯坦长度研究[J].内燃机学报,2010, 28(3):214-220ZHANG Xuan, HUANG Zuohua, YU Wu, et al. Experimental Study on Laminar Burning Velocity and Markstein Length of Dissociated Methanol-Air-Diluent Mixtures at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures[J]. Transactions of CSICE,2010, 28(3):214-220
[15] Li H M, Li G X, Sun Z Y, et al. Effect of Dilution on Laminar Burning Characteristics of H_2/CO/CO_2/air PreMixed Flames with Various Hydrogen Fractions[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2016, 74:160-168
[16] Shang R, Zhang Y, Zhu M, et al. Laminar Flame Speed of CO_2 and N2 Diluted H2/CO/air Flames[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2016, 41(33):15056-15067
[17]廖世勇.内燃机替代燃料预混燃烧基础研究[D].西安:西安交通大学,2005LIAO Shiyong. Basic Research on Alternative Fuel Premixed Combustion of Internal Combustion Engine[D].Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2005
[18] Chen Z. On the Extraction of Laminar Flame Speed and Markstein Length From Outwardly Propagating Spherical Flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2011, 158(2):291-300
[19]胡二江.天然气-氢气混合燃料结合EGR的发动机和预混层流燃烧研究[D].西安交通大学,2010HU Erjiang. Study on Engine and Premixed Laminar Combustion Fueled with Natural Gas-Hydrogen Blends Combined with EGR[D]. Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2010
[20] Bouvet N, Halter F, Chauveau C, et al. On the Effective Lewis Number Formulations for Lean Hydrogen/hydrocarbon/air Mixtures[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38(14):5949-5960
[21] Kelley A P, Law C K. Nonlinear Effects in the Extraction of Laminar Flame Speeds From Expanding Spherical Flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2009, 156:1844-1851
[22] Qiao L, Kim C H, Faeth G M. Suppression Effects of Diluents on Laminar Premixed hydrogen/oxygen/nitrogen Flames[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2005, 143(1/2):79-96
[23]暴秀超,刘福水,孙作宇.预混火焰胞状不稳定性研究[J].西华大学学报(自然科学版),2014, 33(1):79-83BAO Xiuchao, LIU Fushui, SUN Zuoyu. Study on Instability of Outwardly Propagating Spherical Premixed Flame[J]. Journal of Xihua University-Natural Science,2014, 33(1):79-83
[24] Kwon O C, Rozenchan G, Law C K. Cellular Instabilities and Self-acceleration of Outwardly Propagating Spherical Flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2002,29(2):1775-1783
[25] Mannaa O, Mansour M S, Roberts W L, et al. Laminar Burning Velocities at Elevated Pressures for Gasoline and Gasoline Surrogates Associated With RON[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2015 162(6):2311-2321
[26] Cai X, Wang J, Zhang W, et al. Effects of Oxygen Enrichment on Laminar Burning Velocities and Markstein Lengths of CH4/O2/N2 Flames at Elevated Pressures[J].Fuel, 2016, 184:466-473
[27] Lowry W, Vries J, Krejci M,et al. Laminar Flame Speed Measurements and Modeling of Pure Alkanes and Alkane Blends at Elevated Pressures[J]. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 2011, 133(9):855-873
[28] Wu X, Huang Z, Wang X, et al. Laminar Burning Velocities and Flame Instabilities of 2, 5-dimethylfuran-air Mixtures at Elevated Pressures[J]. Combustion and Flame,2011, 158(3):539-546
[29] Brown M J, McLean I C, Smith D B, et al. Markstein Lengths of CO/H2/air Flames, Using Expanding Spherical Flames[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,1996, 26(1):875-881
[30] Prathap C, Ray A, Ravi M R. Investigation of Nitrogen Dilution Effects on the Laminar Burning Velocity and Flame Stability of Syngas Fuel at Atmospheric Condition[J]. Combustion and Flame, 2008, 155(1/2):145-160