暴雨事件对千岛湖CDOM及颗粒物吸收光谱特征的影响
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摘要
为了研究暴雨事件对千岛湖有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)和颗粒物吸收光谱的影响,利用2016年暴雨前(3月1-6日)和暴雨后(4月6-11日)采集的水样,对暴雨前、后千岛湖水体CDOM、浮游藻类和非藻类颗粒物的吸收光谱特征进行分析,探讨暴雨事件对其造成的影响.结果表明:千岛湖作为典型的深水型内陆湖泊,其CDOM、浮游藻类颗粒物和非藻类颗粒物的吸收强度较太湖等浅水型湖泊弱.暴雨前,CDOM光谱吸收系数aCDOM(λ)值在0~0.6 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SCDOM的均值为0.0158±0.00145 nm-1.暴雨前浮游藻类光谱吸收在总颗粒物中占主导,aph(λ)在0~0.35m-1范围内变化,非藻类颗粒物光谱吸收系数aNAP(λ)在0~0.15 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SNAP均值为5.62±0.57μm-1;暴雨后CDOM光谱吸收系数aCDOM(λ)值在0~1.6 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SCDOM的均值为0.0157±0.00101 nm-1.暴雨后浮游藻类光谱吸收系数aph(λ)在0~2.5 m-1范围内变化,非藻类颗粒物光谱吸收在部分区域已占据主导地位,aNAP(λ)在0~0.8 m-1范围内变化,其光谱拟合系数SNAP均值为5.72±0.68μm-1.由CDOM吸收特征值相对分子质量M值得出,暴雨前、后千岛湖不同区域CDOM组成都以富里酸为主,且暴雨前M值分布较均匀,暴雨后M值呈现从新安江向缓冲区、东南区递增的趋势,这说明西北区随暴雨输入的腐殖酸增加了CDOM的相对分子质量.暴雨对SNAP值影响较大的区域为西北区、西南区、东北区,对西南区影响最小.本研究为使用光学手段深入探讨暴雨事件对千岛湖水环境的影响提供重要依据.
To study the influence of heavy rainfall on absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter( CDOM)and particles in Lake Qiandao,the samples were collected on March 1-6,2016( before the rainstorm) and April 6-11,2016( after the rainstorm). The spectral absorption of CDOM,phytoplankton and non-algal particles( NAP) in the lake were analyzed and the influence of rainstorm was discussed. The results showed that Lake Qiandao,as a typical deep inland lake,its spectral absorption coefficients of CDOM,phytoplankton and NAP is small,compared with shallow lakes like Lake Taihu. The CDOM spec-tral absorption coefficients varied in the range of 0-0. 6 m-1,the mean value of the spectral fitting coefficient of CDOM( SCDOM)was 0. 0158 ± 0. 00145 nm-1 before the rainstorm. The spectral absorption of phytoplankton before the rainstorm dominated the absorption of total particles,varied in the range of 0-0. 35 m-1. The spectral absorption coefficients of NAP varied in the range of0-0. 15 m-1,and the mean value of spectral fitting coefficient of NAP( SNAP) was 5. 62 ± 0. 57 μm-1 before the rainstorm; The CDOM spectral absorption coefficients varied in the range of 0-1. 6 m-1 S-CDOMwas 0. 0157 ± 0. 00101 nm 1 after the rainstorm.The spectral absorption of phytoplankton varied in the range of 0-2. 5 m-1. NAP absorption dominated the absorption of particles in some regions after the rainstorm,aNAP( λ) varied in the range of 0-0. 8 m-1 and SNAPwas 5. 72 ± 0. 68 μm-1. The M value showed that CDOM composition of the different regions of the lake is mainly fulvic acid both before and after the rainstorm,the spatial distribution of M value is relative even before the rainstorm. However,the M value showed an increasing trend from the Xin'anjiang to the buffer area and southeastern area after the rainstorm,which indicates that humic acids increased the relative molecular mass of CDOM in the northwestern area. Rainstorm had the greatest impact on the northwestern,southwestern and northeastern areas regarding the value of SNAP,with the smallest impact on the southwestern area. This study provides an important basis for the use of optical means to further explore the impact of heavy rainfall on aquatic environment of Lake Qiandao.
To study the influence of heavy rainfall on absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter( CDOM)and particles in Lake Qiandao,the samples were collected on March 1-6,2016( before the rainstorm) and April 6-11,2016( after the rainstorm). The spectral absorption of CDOM,phytoplankton and non-algal particles( NAP) in the lake were analyzed and the influence of rainstorm was discussed. The results showed that Lake Qiandao,as a typical deep inland lake,its spectral absorption coefficients of CDOM,phytoplankton and NAP is small,compared with shallow lakes like Lake Taihu. The CDOM spec-tral absorption coefficients varied in the range of 0-0. 6 m-1,the mean value of the spectral fitting coefficient of CDOM( SCDOM)was 0. 0158 ± 0. 00145 nm-1 before the rainstorm. The spectral absorption of phytoplankton before the rainstorm dominated the absorption of total particles,varied in the range of 0-0. 35 m-1. The spectral absorption coefficients of NAP varied in the range of0-0. 15 m-1,and the mean value of spectral fitting coefficient of NAP( SNAP) was 5. 62 ± 0. 57 μm-1 before the rainstorm; The CDOM spectral absorption coefficients varied in the range of 0-1. 6 m-1 S-CDOMwas 0. 0157 ± 0. 00101 nm 1 after the rainstorm.The spectral absorption of phytoplankton varied in the range of 0-2. 5 m-1. NAP absorption dominated the absorption of particles in some regions after the rainstorm,aNAP( λ) varied in the range of 0-0. 8 m-1 and SNAPwas 5. 72 ± 0. 68 μm-1. The M value showed that CDOM composition of the different regions of the lake is mainly fulvic acid both before and after the rainstorm,the spatial distribution of M value is relative even before the rainstorm. However,the M value showed an increasing trend from the Xin'anjiang to the buffer area and southeastern area after the rainstorm,which indicates that humic acids increased the relative molecular mass of CDOM in the northwestern area. Rainstorm had the greatest impact on the northwestern,southwestern and northeastern areas regarding the value of SNAP,with the smallest impact on the southwestern area. This study provides an important basis for the use of optical means to further explore the impact of heavy rainfall on aquatic environment of Lake Qiandao.
引文
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[8]Matsuoka A,Hill V,Huot Y et al.Seasonal variability in the light absorption properties of western Arctic waters:Parameterization of the individual components of absorption for ocean color applications.J Geophys Res,2011,116:C02007.
[9]Ma RH,Tang JW,Duan HT et al.Progress in lake water color remote sensing.J Lake Sci,2009,21(2):143-158.DOI:10.18307/2009.0201.[马荣华,唐军武,段洪涛等.湖泊水色遥感研究进展.湖泊科学,2009,21(2):143-158.]
[10]Wang WM,Chen HJ,Liang SK et al.The influence of heavy rainfall on the community structure of planktonic diatom in Jiaozhou Bay in summer.Marine Sciences,2014,38(2):46-52.[王为民,陈洪举,梁生康等.夏季强降雨对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落结构的影响.海洋科学,2014,38(2):46-52.]
[11]Li PP,Shi W,Liu QG et al.Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of chlorophyll-a and the correlation analysis with environmental factors in Lake Qiandao.J Lake Sci,2011,23(4):568-574.DOI:10.18307/2011.0412.[李培培,史文,刘其根等.千岛湖叶绿素a的时空分布及其与影响因子的相关分析.湖泊科学,2011,23(4):568-574.]
[12]Prieur L,Sathyendranath S.An optical classification of coastal and oceanic waters based on the specific spectral absorption curves of phytoplankton pigments,dissolved organic matter,and other particulate materials.Limnology and Oceanography,1981,26(4):671-689.
[13]Roesler CS,Perry MJ,Carder KL.Modeling in situ phytoplankton absorption from total absorption spectra in productive inland marine waters.Limnology and Oceanography,1989,34(8):1510-1523.
[14]Effler SW,Perkins MG,Peng F et al.Light-absorbing components in Lake Superior.Journal of Great Lakes Research,2010,36(4):656-665.
[15]Mitchell BG.Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient for aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique(QFT).Proceeding of SPIE,1990,1302:137-148.
[16]Tassan S,Ferrari GM.A sensitivity analysis of the“Transmittance-Reflectance”method for measuring light absorption by aquatic particles.Journal of Plankton Research,2002,24(8):757-774.
[17]Arar EJ,Collins GB.In vitro determination of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a in marine and freshwater algae by fluorescence.Revision 1.2,Method 445.0 Version 1.2,US Environmental Protection Agency,National Exposure Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,Cincinnati,OH.1997.
[18]Zhang YL,Qin BQ,Chen WM et al.A preliminary study of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Lake Taihu,a shallow subtropical lake in China.CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2005,33(4):315-323.
[19]Ledesma JLJ,K9hler SJ,Futter MN.Long-term dynamics of dissolved organic carbon:implications for drinking water supply.Science of the Total Environment,2012,432:1-11.
[20]Bricaud A,Morel A,Prieur L.Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea(yellow substance)in the UV and visible domains.Limnology and Oceanography,1981,26(1):43-53.
[21]Nelson NB,Siegel DA,Michaels AF.Seasonal dynamics of colored dissolved material in the Sargasso Sea.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,1998,45(6):931-957.
[22]Babin M,Stramski D,Ferrari GM et al.Variations in the light absorption coefficients of phytoplankton,nonalgal particles,and dissolved organic matter in coastal waters around Europe.Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(C7):4.1-4.20.
[23]Galgani L,Tognazzi A,Rossi C et al.Assessing the optical changes in dissolved organic matter in humic lakes by spectral slope distributions.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2011,102(2):132-139.
[24]Stedmon CA,Markager S,Kaas H.Optical properties and signatures of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Danish coastal waters.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,51(2):267-278.
[25]Keith DJ,Yoder JA,Freeman SA.Spatial and temporal distribution of coloured dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Narragansett Bay,Rhode Island:Implications for phytoplankton in coastal waters.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2002,55(5):705-717.
[26]Cao WX,Yang YZ,Xu XQ et al.Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary.Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(17):1876-1882.[曹文熙,杨跃忠,许晓强等.珠江口悬浮颗粒物的吸收光谱及其区域模式.科学通报,2003,48(17):1876-1882.]
[27]Wang SS,Wang YB,Fu QH et al.Spectral absorption properties of the water constituents in the estuary of Zhujiang River.Environmental Sciences,2014,35(12):4511-4521.[王珊珊,王永波,扶卿华等.珠江口水体组分的吸收特性分析.环境科学,2014,35(12):4511-4521.]
[28]Chen Z,Li Y,Pan J.Distributions of colored dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in the Pearl River Estuary,China.Continental Shelf Research,2004,24(16):1845-1856.
[29]Zhang Y,van Dijk MA,Liu M et al.The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in eutrophic shallow lakes:Field and experimental evidence.Water Research,2009,43(18):4685-4697.
[30]Pérez GL,Llames ME,Lagomarsino L et al.Seasonal variability of optical properties in a highly turbid lake(Laguna Chascomús,Argentina).Photochemistry and Photobiology,2011,87(3):659-670.
[31]Peng F,Effler SW.Spectral absorption properties of mineral particles in western Lake Erie:Insights from individual particle analysis.Limnology and Oceanography,2013,58(5):1775-1789.
[32]Zhang YL,Qin BQ,Yang LY.Spectral absorption coefficients of particulate matter and chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(12):3969-3979.[张运林,秦伯强,杨龙元.太湖梅梁湾水体悬浮颗粒物和CDOM的吸收特性.生态学报,2006,26(12):3969-3979.]
[33]Yin Y,Liu ML,Wang MZ et al.Coefficients of summer spectral absorption of particulate matter in Xin'anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao).J Lake Sci,2014,26(5):713-723.DOI:10.18307/2014.0509.[殷燕,刘明亮,王明珠等.夏季新安江水库(千岛湖)颗粒物吸收光谱特征分析.湖泊科学,2014,26(5):713-723.]
[34]Binding CE,Jerome JH,Bukata RP et al.Spectral absorption properties of dissolved and particulate matter in Lake Erie.Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(4):1702-1711.
[35]Zhang Y,Zhang B,Wang X et al.A study of absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and particles in Lake Taihu,China.Hydrobiologia,2007,592(1):105-120.
[36]Pope RM,Fry ES.Absorption spectrum(380-700 nm)of pure water.II.Integrating cavity measurements.Applied Optics,1997,36(33):8710-8723.
[2]Han X,Zhu G,Wu ZX et al.Spatial-temporal variations of water quality parameters in Xin'anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao)and the water protection strategy.J Lake Sci,2013,25(6):836-845.DOI:10.18307/2013.0607.[韩晓霞,朱广伟,吴志旭等.新安江水库(千岛湖)水质时空变化特征及保护策略.湖泊科学,2013,25(6):836-845.]
[3]Luo XB,Wen J,Luo DQ et al.Effect and risk assessment of flood stress on the water quality of Qian-dao Lake.Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2006,14(3):118-121.[罗献宝,文军,骆东奇等.洪水胁迫因子对千岛湖水质的影响与风险评价研究.中国生态农业学报,2006,14(3):118-121.]
[4]Yang C,Zhu GW,Zhang YL et al.Estimation of lake trophic level index with high-frequency sensor parameters.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2014,34(5):1178-1185.[崔扬,朱广伟,张运林等.湖库富营养化指标的高频监测方法研究.环境科学学报,2014,34(5):1178-1185.]
[5]Bricaud A,Morel A,Babin M et al.Variations of light absorption by suspended particles with chlorophyll a concentration in oceanic(case 1)waters—Analysis and implications for bio-optical models.Journal of Geophysical Research,1998,103(C13):31033-31044.
[6]Ambarwulan W,Salama MS,Mannaerts CM et al.Estimating specific inherent optical properties of tropical coastal waters using bio-optical model inversion and in situ measurements:case of the Berau estuary,East Kalimantan,Indonesia.Hydrobiologia,2011,658(1):197-211.
[7]Morel A,Maritorena S.Bio-optical properties of oceanic waters—A reappraisal.Journal of Geophysical Research,2001,106(C4):7163-7180.
[8]Matsuoka A,Hill V,Huot Y et al.Seasonal variability in the light absorption properties of western Arctic waters:Parameterization of the individual components of absorption for ocean color applications.J Geophys Res,2011,116:C02007.
[9]Ma RH,Tang JW,Duan HT et al.Progress in lake water color remote sensing.J Lake Sci,2009,21(2):143-158.DOI:10.18307/2009.0201.[马荣华,唐军武,段洪涛等.湖泊水色遥感研究进展.湖泊科学,2009,21(2):143-158.]
[10]Wang WM,Chen HJ,Liang SK et al.The influence of heavy rainfall on the community structure of planktonic diatom in Jiaozhou Bay in summer.Marine Sciences,2014,38(2):46-52.[王为民,陈洪举,梁生康等.夏季强降雨对胶州湾浮游硅藻群落结构的影响.海洋科学,2014,38(2):46-52.]
[11]Li PP,Shi W,Liu QG et al.Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of chlorophyll-a and the correlation analysis with environmental factors in Lake Qiandao.J Lake Sci,2011,23(4):568-574.DOI:10.18307/2011.0412.[李培培,史文,刘其根等.千岛湖叶绿素a的时空分布及其与影响因子的相关分析.湖泊科学,2011,23(4):568-574.]
[12]Prieur L,Sathyendranath S.An optical classification of coastal and oceanic waters based on the specific spectral absorption curves of phytoplankton pigments,dissolved organic matter,and other particulate materials.Limnology and Oceanography,1981,26(4):671-689.
[13]Roesler CS,Perry MJ,Carder KL.Modeling in situ phytoplankton absorption from total absorption spectra in productive inland marine waters.Limnology and Oceanography,1989,34(8):1510-1523.
[14]Effler SW,Perkins MG,Peng F et al.Light-absorbing components in Lake Superior.Journal of Great Lakes Research,2010,36(4):656-665.
[15]Mitchell BG.Algorithms for determining the absorption coefficient for aquatic particulates using the quantitative filter technique(QFT).Proceeding of SPIE,1990,1302:137-148.
[16]Tassan S,Ferrari GM.A sensitivity analysis of the“Transmittance-Reflectance”method for measuring light absorption by aquatic particles.Journal of Plankton Research,2002,24(8):757-774.
[17]Arar EJ,Collins GB.In vitro determination of chlorophyll a and pheophytin a in marine and freshwater algae by fluorescence.Revision 1.2,Method 445.0 Version 1.2,US Environmental Protection Agency,National Exposure Research Laboratory,Office of Research and Development,Cincinnati,OH.1997.
[18]Zhang YL,Qin BQ,Chen WM et al.A preliminary study of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Lake Taihu,a shallow subtropical lake in China.CLEAN-Soil,Air,Water,2005,33(4):315-323.
[19]Ledesma JLJ,K9hler SJ,Futter MN.Long-term dynamics of dissolved organic carbon:implications for drinking water supply.Science of the Total Environment,2012,432:1-11.
[20]Bricaud A,Morel A,Prieur L.Absorption by dissolved organic matter of the sea(yellow substance)in the UV and visible domains.Limnology and Oceanography,1981,26(1):43-53.
[21]Nelson NB,Siegel DA,Michaels AF.Seasonal dynamics of colored dissolved material in the Sargasso Sea.Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers,1998,45(6):931-957.
[22]Babin M,Stramski D,Ferrari GM et al.Variations in the light absorption coefficients of phytoplankton,nonalgal particles,and dissolved organic matter in coastal waters around Europe.Journal of Geophysical Research,2003,108(C7):4.1-4.20.
[23]Galgani L,Tognazzi A,Rossi C et al.Assessing the optical changes in dissolved organic matter in humic lakes by spectral slope distributions.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2011,102(2):132-139.
[24]Stedmon CA,Markager S,Kaas H.Optical properties and signatures of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Danish coastal waters.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,51(2):267-278.
[25]Keith DJ,Yoder JA,Freeman SA.Spatial and temporal distribution of coloured dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in Narragansett Bay,Rhode Island:Implications for phytoplankton in coastal waters.Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2002,55(5):705-717.
[26]Cao WX,Yang YZ,Xu XQ et al.Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary.Chinese Science Bulletin,2003,48(17):1876-1882.[曹文熙,杨跃忠,许晓强等.珠江口悬浮颗粒物的吸收光谱及其区域模式.科学通报,2003,48(17):1876-1882.]
[27]Wang SS,Wang YB,Fu QH et al.Spectral absorption properties of the water constituents in the estuary of Zhujiang River.Environmental Sciences,2014,35(12):4511-4521.[王珊珊,王永波,扶卿华等.珠江口水体组分的吸收特性分析.环境科学,2014,35(12):4511-4521.]
[28]Chen Z,Li Y,Pan J.Distributions of colored dissolved organic matter and dissolved organic carbon in the Pearl River Estuary,China.Continental Shelf Research,2004,24(16):1845-1856.
[29]Zhang Y,van Dijk MA,Liu M et al.The contribution of phytoplankton degradation to chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM)in eutrophic shallow lakes:Field and experimental evidence.Water Research,2009,43(18):4685-4697.
[30]Pérez GL,Llames ME,Lagomarsino L et al.Seasonal variability of optical properties in a highly turbid lake(Laguna Chascomús,Argentina).Photochemistry and Photobiology,2011,87(3):659-670.
[31]Peng F,Effler SW.Spectral absorption properties of mineral particles in western Lake Erie:Insights from individual particle analysis.Limnology and Oceanography,2013,58(5):1775-1789.
[32]Zhang YL,Qin BQ,Yang LY.Spectral absorption coefficients of particulate matter and chromophoric dissolved organic matter in Meiliang Bay of Lake Taihu.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(12):3969-3979.[张运林,秦伯强,杨龙元.太湖梅梁湾水体悬浮颗粒物和CDOM的吸收特性.生态学报,2006,26(12):3969-3979.]
[33]Yin Y,Liu ML,Wang MZ et al.Coefficients of summer spectral absorption of particulate matter in Xin'anjiang Reservoir(Lake Qiandao).J Lake Sci,2014,26(5):713-723.DOI:10.18307/2014.0509.[殷燕,刘明亮,王明珠等.夏季新安江水库(千岛湖)颗粒物吸收光谱特征分析.湖泊科学,2014,26(5):713-723.]
[34]Binding CE,Jerome JH,Bukata RP et al.Spectral absorption properties of dissolved and particulate matter in Lake Erie.Remote Sensing of Environment,2008,112(4):1702-1711.
[35]Zhang Y,Zhang B,Wang X et al.A study of absorption characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter and particles in Lake Taihu,China.Hydrobiologia,2007,592(1):105-120.
[36]Pope RM,Fry ES.Absorption spectrum(380-700 nm)of pure water.II.Integrating cavity measurements.Applied Optics,1997,36(33):8710-8723.