污泥厌氧发酵物强化低碳氮比生活污水脱氮除磷
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摘要
为降低使用污泥厌氧发酵物作碳源时的成本,以及简化使用步骤,研究将既不进行发酵液与污泥的分离,也不去除副产物氮和磷的污泥发酵物直接作生活污水脱氮除磷碳源的可行性.以实际低碳氮比城市生活污水为处理对象,将不同量的污泥碱性发酵物(0,20,50,100,200 mL,对应的SCOD质量依次为0,79,198,396,792 mg)作为生物反硝化脱氮和厌氧释磷的碳源,考察脱氮和释磷情况.结果表明:随着投加量的增加,反应结束时氮氧化合物(NO~-_x-N)先降低后升高,当投加量为50 mL(SCOD质量为198 mg、氮质量为12.9 mg、碳氮比为15.3)时,NO~-_x-N质量浓度最低,仅为1.2 mg/L且全部以NO~-_2-N的形式存在,对应的反硝化效率为94.9%;厌氧释磷过程随着污泥发酵物投加量的增多,释磷量不仅没有升高,反而会降低,当投加量为20 mL(SCOD质量为79 mg、氮质量为5.2 mg、磷质量为1.6 mg、碳氮比为15.3、碳磷比为49.5)时,反应结束时释磷量最多,高达23.8 mg/L.此外,通过模拟硝化过程、反硝化过程以及鉴定细胞形态,得出污泥发酵物中硝化细菌和反硝化细菌的细胞结构遭到破坏,其活性均被抑制,即发酵物的引入不影响污水脱氮除磷系统主要菌群结构的稳定性.因此,污泥厌氧发酵物直接做生活污水脱氮除磷的碳源是可行的,本研究中对于反硝化脱氮,50 mL为最佳投加量,对于厌氧释磷,20 mL为最佳投加量.
To reduce the cost of using sludge anaerobic fermentation products as carbon source and simplify the process, a novel method was proposed to study the feasibility of employing sludge fermentation products directly without separating fermentation broth and sludge or removing nitrogen and phosphorus. Different dosages of sludge alkaline fermentation products(i.e., 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mL, whose SCOD are 0, 79, 198, 396, and 792 mg) were poured into low C/N ratio municipal waste water to investigate nitrogen removal and phosphorus release. Results show that the nitric oxide(NO~-_x-N) decreased first and then increased with the increase of the dosage of fermentation products. When the dosage was 50 mL with SCOD of 198 mg, nitrogen of 12.9 mg, and C/N ratio of 15.3, the concentration of NO~-_x-N was the lowest, being only 1.2 mg/L and in the form of NO~-_2-N, and the corresponding denitrification efficiency was 94.9%. However, with the increase of the addition of fermentation products, the amount of phosphorus release was not increased but decreased. When the dosage was 20 mL with SCOD of 79 mg, nitrogen of 5.2 mg, phosphorus of 1.6 mg, C/P ratio of 15.3, and C/N ratio of 49.5, the amount of phosphorus release was the highest at the end of the reaction, reaching 23.8 mg/L. Moreover, nitrification and denitrification processes showed that the bacteria activity was inhibited due to the damage of the cell structure of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in fermentation products, which was also proved by cell morphology. It indicated that the introduction of fermentation did not affect the stability of main microbial community structure in sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal system. Therefore, it is feasible for sludge anaerobic fermentation products to be directly used as carbon source. In this study, the optimal amount for denitrifying nitrogen removal was 50 mL, and that for anaerobic phosphorus release was 20 mL.
To reduce the cost of using sludge anaerobic fermentation products as carbon source and simplify the process, a novel method was proposed to study the feasibility of employing sludge fermentation products directly without separating fermentation broth and sludge or removing nitrogen and phosphorus. Different dosages of sludge alkaline fermentation products(i.e., 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mL, whose SCOD are 0, 79, 198, 396, and 792 mg) were poured into low C/N ratio municipal waste water to investigate nitrogen removal and phosphorus release. Results show that the nitric oxide(NO~-_x-N) decreased first and then increased with the increase of the dosage of fermentation products. When the dosage was 50 mL with SCOD of 198 mg, nitrogen of 12.9 mg, and C/N ratio of 15.3, the concentration of NO~-_x-N was the lowest, being only 1.2 mg/L and in the form of NO~-_2-N, and the corresponding denitrification efficiency was 94.9%. However, with the increase of the addition of fermentation products, the amount of phosphorus release was not increased but decreased. When the dosage was 20 mL with SCOD of 79 mg, nitrogen of 5.2 mg, phosphorus of 1.6 mg, C/P ratio of 15.3, and C/N ratio of 49.5, the amount of phosphorus release was the highest at the end of the reaction, reaching 23.8 mg/L. Moreover, nitrification and denitrification processes showed that the bacteria activity was inhibited due to the damage of the cell structure of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in fermentation products, which was also proved by cell morphology. It indicated that the introduction of fermentation did not affect the stability of main microbial community structure in sewage nitrogen and phosphorus removal system. Therefore, it is feasible for sludge anaerobic fermentation products to be directly used as carbon source. In this study, the optimal amount for denitrifying nitrogen removal was 50 mL, and that for anaerobic phosphorus release was 20 mL.
引文
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[12]TONG Juan,CHEN Yinguang.Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from alkaline fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge and application of the fermentation liquid to promote biological municipal wastewater treatment[J].Water Research,2009,43(12):2969.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.015
[13]鲍方博.反硝化耦合厌氧氨脱氮研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016BAO Fangbo.The research of denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation for nitrogen removal[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2016
[14]BRDJANOVIC D,VAN LOOSDRECHT M C M,HOOIJMANS C M,et al.Bioassay for glycogen determination in biological phosphorus removal systems[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(4/5):541.DOI:10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00157-7
[15]LIAO B Q,ALLEN D G,DROPPO I G,et al.Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability[J].Water Research,2001,35(2):339.DOI:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00277-3
[2]JI Zhouying,CHEN Yinguang.Using sludge fermentation liquid to improve wastewater short-cut nitrification-denitrification and denitrifying phosphorus removal via nitrite[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2010,44(23):8957.DOI:10.1021/es102547n
[3]LI Xiang,CHEN Hong,HU Lanfang,et al.Pilot-scale waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation,fermentation liquid separation,and application of fermentation liquid to improve biological nutrient removal[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2011,45(5):1834.DOI:10.1021/es1031882
[4]AHN Y H,SPEECE R E.Elutriated acid fermentation of municipal primary sludge[J].Water Research,2006,40(11):2210.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2006.03.022
[5]CHEN Yinguang,JIANG Su,YUAN Hongying,et al.Hydrolysis and acidification of waste activated sludge at different pHs[J].Water Research,2007,41(3):683.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2006.07.030
[6]YUAN Yue,WANG Shuying,LIU Ye,et al.Long-term effect of pH on short-chain fatty acids accumulation and microbial community in sludge fermentation systems[J].Bioresource Technology,2015,197:56.DOI:10.1016/j.biortech.2015.08.025
[7]KARR P R,KEINATH T M.Influence of particle size on sludge dewaterability[J].Journal Water Pollution Control Federation,1978,50(8):1911
[8]NEYENS E,BAEYENS J.A review of thermal sludge pre-treatment processes to improve dewaterability[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2003,98(1/2/3):51.DOI:10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00320-5
[9]YUAN Hongying,CHEN Yinguang,ZHANG Huaxing,et al.Improved bioproduction of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from excess sludge under alkaline conditions[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2006,40(6):2025.DOI:10.1021/es052252b
[10]JIANG Su,CHEN Yinguang,ZHOU Qi,et al.Biological short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production from waste-activated sludge affected by surfactant[J].Water Research,2007,41(14):3112.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2007.03.039
[11]TONG Juan,CHEN Yinguang.Enhanced biological phosphorus removal driven by short-chain fatty acids produced from waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation[J].Environmental Science and Technology,2007,41(20):7126.DOI:10.1021/es071002n
[12]TONG Juan,CHEN Yinguang.Recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus from alkaline fermentation liquid of waste activated sludge and application of the fermentation liquid to promote biological municipal wastewater treatment[J].Water Research,2009,43(12):2969.DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2009.04.015
[13]鲍方博.反硝化耦合厌氧氨脱氮研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2016BAO Fangbo.The research of denitrification coupling anaerobic ammonia oxidation for nitrogen removal[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2016
[14]BRDJANOVIC D,VAN LOOSDRECHT M C M,HOOIJMANS C M,et al.Bioassay for glycogen determination in biological phosphorus removal systems[J].Water Science and Technology,1998,37(4/5):541.DOI:10.1016/S0273-1223(98)00157-7
[15]LIAO B Q,ALLEN D G,DROPPO I G,et al.Surface properties of sludge and their role in bioflocculation and settleability[J].Water Research,2001,35(2):339.DOI:10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00277-3