可持续发展视阈下我国海洋伏季休渔制度研究
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摘要
海洋伏季休渔制度是一项重要的渔业资源养护管理制度。该制度自1995年实施以来取得了良好的效果,同时在国际上也产生了积极的影响。作为渔业管理领域中最为重要的制度之一,海洋伏季休渔制度目前只是一项渔业政策和措施,并没有上升到国家的法律和法规层面,该制度的效力远不能从根本上解决我国海洋渔业资源养护和可持续发展的问题。因此,文章对海洋伏季休渔制度的具体内容进行了深度分析,从法律与政策的关系出发,通过探讨国家立法、执法以及渔民守法等方面存在的问题,指出海洋伏季休渔制度作为一项渔业政策向法律和法规转变的必要性和条件,建议推动伏休政策的立法转变、加强渔业执法监督体制和加强政府对渔民的扶持政策。旨在进一步促进实施该制度,为海洋渔业资源的可持续发展服务。
The summer marine fishing moratorium system is an important maintenance and management system of fishery resources.Since its formal implementation in 1995,it has achieved a great of good effects and had a positive impact on the international community.As one of the most important system in the field of fisheries management,the summer marine fishing moratorium system has never risen to national laws and regulations,and it is only a fishery policy or measure at present,and it which cannot fundamentally solve the problems of the conservation and sustainable development of the marine fishery resources.Therefore,this paper carried out a deep analysis on the specific content of the summer marine fishing moratorium system,starting from the rela-tionship between law and policy.The necessity and condition that summer marine fishing moratorium were pointed out as changing a fishery policy to laws and regulations by discussing the existing problems in the aspect of legislation,law enforcement and fisherman's observance of the law.It is suggested to promote the legislative transformation of summer fishing moratorium system,strengthen the construction of fishery law enforcement supervision system,and strengthen the government's support policies for fishermen,Aiming to further improve the system and make service for the sustainable development of marine fishery resources.
The summer marine fishing moratorium system is an important maintenance and management system of fishery resources.Since its formal implementation in 1995,it has achieved a great of good effects and had a positive impact on the international community.As one of the most important system in the field of fisheries management,the summer marine fishing moratorium system has never risen to national laws and regulations,and it is only a fishery policy or measure at present,and it which cannot fundamentally solve the problems of the conservation and sustainable development of the marine fishery resources.Therefore,this paper carried out a deep analysis on the specific content of the summer marine fishing moratorium system,starting from the rela-tionship between law and policy.The necessity and condition that summer marine fishing moratorium were pointed out as changing a fishery policy to laws and regulations by discussing the existing problems in the aspect of legislation,law enforcement and fisherman's observance of the law.It is suggested to promote the legislative transformation of summer fishing moratorium system,strengthen the construction of fishery law enforcement supervision system,and strengthen the government's support policies for fishermen,Aiming to further improve the system and make service for the sustainable development of marine fishery resources.
引文
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[2]新浪.“上半年中国海洋捕捞强度明显降低产量同比减少18%”[EB/OL].(2017-07-18)[2017-12-20].http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2017-07-18/doc-ifyiamif3446766.shtml.
[3]卢昌彩,赵景辉.东海伏季休渔制度回顾与展望[J].渔业信息与战略,2015(3):169.
[4]丛子明,李挺.中国渔业史[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1993.
[5]王志凯.韩国海洋渔业开发政策及其对中国的启示[J].中国渔业经济,2012(5):171.
[6]农业部.农业部关于印发联合国大会通过禁止在公海使用大型流网决议的通知[Z].2017.
[7]神秘的地球.防止物种种群崩溃[EB/OL].(2017-09-20)[2017-12-20].http://www.uux.cn/viewnews-46420.html.