玉米抗倒伏相关性状的遗传特性研究
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摘要
以抗倒性差异较大的2个自交系L 85和L 57为亲本,通过杂交和连续2代自交得到230个F_(2:3)家系,连续2 a田间试验对不同家系的株高、穗位高、穗高系数、穗下节穿刺力、地上第3节穿刺力和穗轴折断力等6个抗倒伏相关性状进行分析。结果表明,群体内不同基因型家系间、年份间以及基因型与年份的互作均存在显著或极显著差异;各性状呈正态分布,表现出数量性状的遗传特征。6个性状间表现出一定的相关性,株高与穗位高、穗下节穿刺力、地上第3节穿刺力呈极显著正相关;但穗高系数与穗下节穿刺力呈现出极显著负相关;穗轴折断力与穗下节穿刺力和地上第3节穿刺力均呈显著正相关。由于株高、穗位高和穗高系数的遗传力较高,均在70%以上,而穗下节穿刺力、地上第3节穿刺力和穗轴折断力的遗传力较低,均在40%以下,因此,在分离早代选系时,应重点选择穗高系数较低的单株,不仅可以提高穗下节穿刺力,同时根据其相关性,可提高地上第3节穿刺力和穗轴折断力,从而提高抗倒性选择效果和子粒机收品质。
Two inbred lines L85 and L57 with different lodging resistances were used as the parents to form 230 F_(2:3) family lines by crossing and selfing. Six traits of plant height, ear height, coefficient of ear height, puncture strength of the internode directly below ear, puncture strength of the third internode above ground and the breakage strength of the cob were investigated in two years continuously. The results showed that significant differences existed in genotypes, years and the interaction of genotype by year; each trait was normally distributed and exhibited the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. Certain correlation existed between the six traits, plant height with ear height, puncture strength of the internode directly below ear and puncture strength of the third internode above ground had significant positive correlation, while the correlation between the coefficient of ear height and puncture strength of the internode directly below ear was highly significantly negative; the breakage strength of the cob with puncture strength of the internode directly below ear and that of the third internode above ground was also positively correlated significantly. The heritabilities of plant height, ear height and coefficient of ear height were higher, all above 70%, while those of puncture strength of the internode directly below ear, puncture strength of the third internode above ground and the breakage strength of the cob were lower, all below 40%. So, the individuals with lower coefficient of ear height could be focused on in the early segregation generation during the selection process, which not only enhanced the puncture strength of the internode directly below ear but also increased the puncture strength of the third internode above ground and the breakage strength of the cob according to their correlations, thus the effect of selection for lodging resistance and quality of mechanized harvest would be improved.
Two inbred lines L85 and L57 with different lodging resistances were used as the parents to form 230 F_(2:3) family lines by crossing and selfing. Six traits of plant height, ear height, coefficient of ear height, puncture strength of the internode directly below ear, puncture strength of the third internode above ground and the breakage strength of the cob were investigated in two years continuously. The results showed that significant differences existed in genotypes, years and the interaction of genotype by year; each trait was normally distributed and exhibited the genetic characteristics of quantitative traits. Certain correlation existed between the six traits, plant height with ear height, puncture strength of the internode directly below ear and puncture strength of the third internode above ground had significant positive correlation, while the correlation between the coefficient of ear height and puncture strength of the internode directly below ear was highly significantly negative; the breakage strength of the cob with puncture strength of the internode directly below ear and that of the third internode above ground was also positively correlated significantly. The heritabilities of plant height, ear height and coefficient of ear height were higher, all above 70%, while those of puncture strength of the internode directly below ear, puncture strength of the third internode above ground and the breakage strength of the cob were lower, all below 40%. So, the individuals with lower coefficient of ear height could be focused on in the early segregation generation during the selection process, which not only enhanced the puncture strength of the internode directly below ear but also increased the puncture strength of the third internode above ground and the breakage strength of the cob according to their correlations, thus the effect of selection for lodging resistance and quality of mechanized harvest would be improved.
引文
[1] 王文颇,李彦生,周印富.玉米倒伏及其影响因素[J].河北农业技术师范学院学报,1998,12(3):59-63.
[2] 胡建东,鲍雅萍,罗福和,等.作物茎秆抗倒伏强度测定技术研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(1):77-80.
[3] 陈国平.夏玉米的栽培[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
[4] 李义钧,王克启.关于套种玉米倒伏的研究[J].北京农业科学,1984(4):11-16.
[5] 孙世贤,戴俊英,顾慰连.密度对玉米倒伏及其产量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1989,20(4):413-416.
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[7] HU H X,LIU W X,FU Z Y,et al.QTL mapping of stalk bending strength in a recombinant inbred line maize population[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2013,126(9):2257-2266.
[8] NORBERG O S,MASON S C,LOWRY S R.Ethephon influence on harvestable yield,grain quality,and lodging of corn [J].Agronomy Journal,1988,80:768-772.
[9] 汪黎明,姚国旗,穆春华,等.玉米抗倒性的遗传研究进展[J].玉米科学,2011,19(4):1-4.
[10] 丰光,景希强,李妍妍,等.玉米茎秆性状与倒伏性的相关和通径分析[J].华北农学报,2010,25(S1):72-74.
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[12] JOHNSON E C,FISCHER K S,EDMEADES G O,et al.Recurrent selection for reduced plant height in lowland tropical maize[J].Crop Science,1986,26:253-260.
[13] 付志远,邵可可,陈德芝,等.穗上节间数与玉米抗倒伏能力的相关性分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2011,45(2):149-154.
[14] 闫洪奎,李娜,郭志友,等.玉米株高及叶片的相关性[J].延边大学农学学报,2002,24(4):254-256.
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[16] 汪黎明,李建生,姚国旗,等.玉米茎秆与根系抗倒的特性研究[J].玉米科学,2012,20(2) :69-74.
[17] 刘卫星,王晨阳,王强,等.不同玉米品种茎秆抗倒特性及其与产量的关系[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(7):17-21.
[18] 齐建双,郭书磊,谷利敏,等.密度对不同玉米自交系生物学性状的影响及其耐密性分析[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(7):43-47.
[19] 姚启伦.玉米抗倒伏性状的研究[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,20(2):48-51.
[20] 季洪强,常纪苹,付志远,等.玉米植株抗倒伏性状的遗传分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2011,45(3):263-266.
[21] KNAPP S J,STROUP W W,ROSS W M.Exact confidence intervals for heritability on a progeny mean basis[J].Crop Science,1985,25:192-194.
[22] JAMPATONG S,DARRAH L L,KRAUSE G F,et al.Effect of one-and two-eared selection on stalk strength and other characters in maize[J].Crop Science,2000,40(3):605-611.
[23] ANAZODO U G N.Mechanical properties of the corn cob in simple bending[J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1983,26(4):1229-1233.
[24] 勾玲,黄建军,孙锐,等.玉米不同耐密植品种茎秆穿刺强度的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):156-162.
[25] 姚启伦.玉米抗茎倒折性状遗传的研究[J].西南农业大学学报,2003,25(2):123-126.
[26] 王永学,张战辉,刘宗华.玉米抗倒伏性状的配合力效应及通径分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2011,45(1):1-6.
[27] 柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收获质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.
[28] ANAZODO U G N,WALL G L,NORRIS E R.Corn physical and mechanical properties as related to combine cylinder performance[J].Canadian Agricultural Engineering,1981,23(1): 23-30.
[29] 薛军,李璐璐,张万旭,等.玉米穗轴机械强度及其对机械粒收籽粒破碎率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1868-1877.
[2] 胡建东,鲍雅萍,罗福和,等.作物茎秆抗倒伏强度测定技术研究[J].河南农业大学学报,2000,34(1):77-80.
[3] 陈国平.夏玉米的栽培[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1994.
[4] 李义钧,王克启.关于套种玉米倒伏的研究[J].北京农业科学,1984(4):11-16.
[5] 孙世贤,戴俊英,顾慰连.密度对玉米倒伏及其产量的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,1989,20(4):413-416.
[6] FLINT-GARCIA S A,JAMPATONG C,DARRAH L L,et al.Quantitative trait locus analysis of stalk strength in four maize populations[J].Crop Science,2003,43:13-22.
[7] HU H X,LIU W X,FU Z Y,et al.QTL mapping of stalk bending strength in a recombinant inbred line maize population[J].Theoretical and Applied Genetics,2013,126(9):2257-2266.
[8] NORBERG O S,MASON S C,LOWRY S R.Ethephon influence on harvestable yield,grain quality,and lodging of corn [J].Agronomy Journal,1988,80:768-772.
[9] 汪黎明,姚国旗,穆春华,等.玉米抗倒性的遗传研究进展[J].玉米科学,2011,19(4):1-4.
[10] 丰光,景希强,李妍妍,等.玉米茎秆性状与倒伏性的相关和通径分析[J].华北农学报,2010,25(S1):72-74.
[11] HORNER E S,LUTRICK M C,CHAPMAN W H,et al.Effect of recurrent selection for combining ability with a single-cross tester in maize[J].Crop Science,1976,16:5-8.
[12] JOHNSON E C,FISCHER K S,EDMEADES G O,et al.Recurrent selection for reduced plant height in lowland tropical maize[J].Crop Science,1986,26:253-260.
[13] 付志远,邵可可,陈德芝,等.穗上节间数与玉米抗倒伏能力的相关性分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2011,45(2):149-154.
[14] 闫洪奎,李娜,郭志友,等.玉米株高及叶片的相关性[J].延边大学农学学报,2002,24(4):254-256.
[15] SCHULGASSER K,WITZTUMA A.On the strength of herbaceous vascular plant stems[J].Annals of Botany,1997,80: 35-44.
[16] 汪黎明,李建生,姚国旗,等.玉米茎秆与根系抗倒的特性研究[J].玉米科学,2012,20(2) :69-74.
[17] 刘卫星,王晨阳,王强,等.不同玉米品种茎秆抗倒特性及其与产量的关系[J].河南农业科学,2015,44(7):17-21.
[18] 齐建双,郭书磊,谷利敏,等.密度对不同玉米自交系生物学性状的影响及其耐密性分析[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(7):43-47.
[19] 姚启伦.玉米抗倒伏性状的研究[J].重庆师范学院学报(自然科学版),2003,20(2):48-51.
[20] 季洪强,常纪苹,付志远,等.玉米植株抗倒伏性状的遗传分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2011,45(3):263-266.
[21] KNAPP S J,STROUP W W,ROSS W M.Exact confidence intervals for heritability on a progeny mean basis[J].Crop Science,1985,25:192-194.
[22] JAMPATONG S,DARRAH L L,KRAUSE G F,et al.Effect of one-and two-eared selection on stalk strength and other characters in maize[J].Crop Science,2000,40(3):605-611.
[23] ANAZODO U G N.Mechanical properties of the corn cob in simple bending[J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,1983,26(4):1229-1233.
[24] 勾玲,黄建军,孙锐,等.玉米不同耐密植品种茎秆穿刺强度的变化特征[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(11):156-162.
[25] 姚启伦.玉米抗茎倒折性状遗传的研究[J].西南农业大学学报,2003,25(2):123-126.
[26] 王永学,张战辉,刘宗华.玉米抗倒伏性状的配合力效应及通径分析[J].河南农业大学学报,2011,45(1):1-6.
[27] 柴宗文,王克如,郭银巧,等.玉米机械粒收获质量现状及其与含水率的关系[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(11):2036-2043.
[28] ANAZODO U G N,WALL G L,NORRIS E R.Corn physical and mechanical properties as related to combine cylinder performance[J].Canadian Agricultural Engineering,1981,23(1): 23-30.
[29] 薛军,李璐璐,张万旭,等.玉米穗轴机械强度及其对机械粒收籽粒破碎率的影响[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(10):1868-1877.