小孔节流器导向锥角对空气静压轴承性能的影响
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摘要
研究发现小孔节流器导向锥角也是影响空气静压轴承动静态性能的重要因素之一,且导向锥角大小在加工中易于控制。为揭示导向锥角的大小对轴承动静态性能的影响规律,通过建立空气静压止推轴承节流器理论模型,利用FLUENT软件,对不同导向锥角节流器出口的压力分布和气腔内涡核分布进行有限元模拟;结合DOE仿真实验,获得了不同导向锥角下轴承的静态特性曲线。结果表明:减小节流器导向锥角,可以减缓节流孔出口压力骤降,气腔内涡核数量减少;随着导向锥角的增大,轴承的承载力和质量流量减小,而轴承刚度在小幅度增加后趋于一致。因此,使用小导向锥角的节流器可有效地提高轴承的稳定性和承载力。
It is found that the angle of guide cone of orifice throttles is one of the important factors affecting the static and dynamic performance of aerostatic bearing,and the size of guide cone angle is easy to control in machining.To reveal the influence law of the size of guide angle on bearing dynamic and static performance,the theoretical model of the orifice throttling areostatic thrust bearing was established,and the pressure distribution around throttle's outlet and the vortex core distribution in the air cavity at different orienting cone angle throttles were studied by the finite element simulation based on FLUENT software.By utilizing the DOE simulation experiment,the static characteristic curve of bearing at different guiding cone angle was obtained.The results show that small angle of the guide cone can slow down the pressure drop around the outlet of throttle hole, reduce the number of vortex cores in the air cavity.With the increasing of guide cone angle,the load capacity and mass flow are decreased,while stiffness curves tend to be consistent after a small increase.Therefore,the use of small guide Angle throttle can effectively improve the stability and load capacity of the bearing.
It is found that the angle of guide cone of orifice throttles is one of the important factors affecting the static and dynamic performance of aerostatic bearing,and the size of guide cone angle is easy to control in machining.To reveal the influence law of the size of guide angle on bearing dynamic and static performance,the theoretical model of the orifice throttling areostatic thrust bearing was established,and the pressure distribution around throttle's outlet and the vortex core distribution in the air cavity at different orienting cone angle throttles were studied by the finite element simulation based on FLUENT software.By utilizing the DOE simulation experiment,the static characteristic curve of bearing at different guiding cone angle was obtained.The results show that small angle of the guide cone can slow down the pressure drop around the outlet of throttle hole, reduce the number of vortex cores in the air cavity.With the increasing of guide cone angle,the load capacity and mass flow are decreased,while stiffness curves tend to be consistent after a small increase.Therefore,the use of small guide Angle throttle can effectively improve the stability and load capacity of the bearing.
引文
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[14]莫乃榕.工程流体力学[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2015.
[2]程志勇,张燕平,张再峰,等.小孔节流静压气体轴承承载力分析[J].润滑与密封,2017,42(5):24-29.CHENG Z Y,ZHANG Y P,ZHANG Z R,et al.Load capacity analysis of aerostatic bearing with orifice restrictors[J].Lubrication Engineering,2017,42(5):24-29.
[3]杜金名,卢泽生,孙雅洲.气体静压小孔节流与多孔质节流性能的比较[J].润滑与密封,2002,27(4):2-3.DU J M,LU Z S,SUN Y Z.Performance comparison of orifice restricted and porous gas hydrostatic bearings[J].Lubrication Engineering,2002,27(4):2-3.
[4]MORI H,MIYAMATSU Y,SAKATA S.Research on externally pressurized circular thrust gas-lubricated bearings[J].JSME International Journal,2008,7(26):467-473.
[5]NISHIO U,SOMAYA K,YOSHIMOTO S.Numerical calculation and experimental verification of static and dynamic characteristics of aerostatic thrust bearings with small feedholes[J].Tribology International,2011,44(12):1790-1795.
[6]崔海龙,岳晓斌,张连新,等.基于数值模拟的小孔节流空气静压轴承静动态特性研究[J].机械工程学报,2016,52(9):116-121.CUI H L,YUE X B,ZHANG L X,et al.Static and dynamic characteristics of aerostatic bearing based on numerical simulation[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,2016,52(9):116-121.
[7]TALUKDER H M,STOWELL T B.Pneumatic hammer in an externally pressurized orifice-compensated air journal bearing[J].Tribology International,2003,36(8):585-591.
[8]姚涓,侯安平,李剑雄.小孔节流结构对径向静压空气轴承承载力的影响[J].润滑与密封,2015,40(8):97-102.YAO J,HOU A P,LI J X.The effect on load capacity of radial aerostatic bearing for different orifice restrict structure[J].Lubrication Engineering,2015,40(8):97-102.
[9]李一飞,尹益辉.小孔节流静压支承轴承力学性能的数值建模[J].光学精密工程,2017,25(2):417-424.LI Y F,YIN Y H.Numerical modeling of mechanical performances of aerostatic bearing with orifice-type restrictor[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2017,25(2):417-424.
[10]CHEN X D,HE X M.The effect of the recess shape on performance analysis of the gas-lubricated bearing in optical lithography[J].Tribology International,2006,39(11):1336-1341.
[11]王利勇,彭志敏,张敏,等.喷嘴锥形内孔加工工艺方法研究[J].制造技术与机床,2015(11):104-106.WANG L Y,PENG Z M,ZHANG M,et al.Research of nozzle inner hole processing method[J].Manufacturing Technology&Machine Tool,2015(11):104-106.
[12]于贺春,王广洲,张国庆,等.新型微孔节流气体静压轴承的特性研究[J].机床与液压,2018,46(5):59-63.YU H C,WANG G Z,ZHANG G Q,et al.Study in static characteristics of new type micro orifice restrictor thrust aerostatic bearings[J].Machine Tool&Hydraulics,2018,46(5):59-63.
[13]赵晓龙,董皓,方舟,等.小孔节流空气静压止推轴承节流孔出口流场特性研究[J].润滑与密封,2016,41(12):37-40.ZHAO X L,DONG H,FANG Z,et al.Research on orifice exit flow field characteristics of aerostatic[J].Lubrication Engineering,2016,41(12):37-40.
[14]莫乃榕.工程流体力学[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2015.