江苏中部海岸西洋潮流通道区域晚更新世古地貌与沉积体系研究
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摘要
南黄海曾是长江和黄河两大河流输送的陆源沉积物重要的汇,其沉积记录含有河流演化的丰富信息。江苏海岸中部、南黄海西侧、辐射沙脊群西北的西洋潮流通道及其邻区受到古黄河与古长江的交互影响,其古地貌与沉积地层等研究尚显不足。利用该区多次采集获得的长约380 km的浅层地震剖面数据,结合钻孔资料,分析了西洋浅部地震层序,探讨了其沉积环境特征。研究结果表明,西洋潮流通道区域在平均海面以下33～49 m处,存在一个强振幅、中频率、高连续性的区域性反射界面,与对比钻孔中滨岸沼泽沉积的顶面相对应,代表一个不整合的古地貌面;该界面深度的空间插值结果反演的古地貌面与下伏的沟槽状切割-充填反射结构,揭示了数条沿NE方向延伸的古水道,并集中分布于古地貌面北部相对低洼的区域,为南黄海内陆架晚更新世某古水系的一部分;该古地貌面系末次冰消期的海侵冲刷面,其上覆是全新世滨浅海沉积,下伏是晚更新世末期的洪泛平原或滨岸沼泽或充填下切古河道或古潮道等沉积。对该区域性反射界面的深入研究有助于弄清南黄海西部晚更新世以来的沉积体系演化历史,提升对辐射沙脊群形成演化的认识。
The South Yellow Sea has been one of the important sinks for the terrigenous sediments transported by the Changjiang and Yellow rivers. It contains abundant information for the river migration and evolution in the sedimentary records. The Xiyang tidal channel, as one of the important tidal channels in the northwestern radial sand ridge field, is located on the central Jiangsu coast of the South Yellow Sea. It has the strong impacts from both the ancient Yellow River and Changjiang River in this area. So far, the studies on the paleo-geomorphology and sedimentary strata are still not sufficient. Based on the about 380 km long shallow seismic profiles obtained in the study area, combined with the published data of sedimentary core, the shallow seismic sequence has been studied, and concerned characteristics of the sedimentary environments have been discussed. The results indicate that there is a regional unconformable seismic reflection interface underneath the seafloor, 33-49 m below the mean sea-level, characterized by strong amplitude, medium frequency and good continuity. This strong reflection interface could correspond to the top surface of coastal lacustrine deposits in the core. It is the representative for a paleo-geomorphological surface. The spatial distribution of this strong reflection interface, joint with the groove seismic structures underneath it, figure out that several ancient channels extending to the sea northeastwards and converging in the lower-lying area located in the north of the study area. The strong reflection interface is an eroded surface formed during the last deglaciation transgression. Its overlying is the shallow water deposits formed during the Holocene, on the other hand, its underlying is the deposits in flood plain or coastal marsh or ancient river or tidal channels formed during the last stage of the late Pleistocene. The further study of this regional interface is helpful to understand the evolution of the sedimentary systems in the western South Yellow Sea since the late Pleistocene, and to improve the understanding of the development of the radial sand ridge field.
The South Yellow Sea has been one of the important sinks for the terrigenous sediments transported by the Changjiang and Yellow rivers. It contains abundant information for the river migration and evolution in the sedimentary records. The Xiyang tidal channel, as one of the important tidal channels in the northwestern radial sand ridge field, is located on the central Jiangsu coast of the South Yellow Sea. It has the strong impacts from both the ancient Yellow River and Changjiang River in this area. So far, the studies on the paleo-geomorphology and sedimentary strata are still not sufficient. Based on the about 380 km long shallow seismic profiles obtained in the study area, combined with the published data of sedimentary core, the shallow seismic sequence has been studied, and concerned characteristics of the sedimentary environments have been discussed. The results indicate that there is a regional unconformable seismic reflection interface underneath the seafloor, 33-49 m below the mean sea-level, characterized by strong amplitude, medium frequency and good continuity. This strong reflection interface could correspond to the top surface of coastal lacustrine deposits in the core. It is the representative for a paleo-geomorphological surface. The spatial distribution of this strong reflection interface, joint with the groove seismic structures underneath it, figure out that several ancient channels extending to the sea northeastwards and converging in the lower-lying area located in the north of the study area. The strong reflection interface is an eroded surface formed during the last deglaciation transgression. Its overlying is the shallow water deposits formed during the Holocene, on the other hand, its underlying is the deposits in flood plain or coastal marsh or ancient river or tidal channels formed during the last stage of the late Pleistocene. The further study of this regional interface is helpful to understand the evolution of the sedimentary systems in the western South Yellow Sea since the late Pleistocene, and to improve the understanding of the development of the radial sand ridge field.
引文
[1] 秦蕴珊, 李凡, 唐宝珏, 等. 南黄海西部埋藏古河系[J]. 科学通报, 1986(24): 1887-1890. Qin Yunshan, Li Fan, Tang Baojue, et al. Buried paleochannel systems in the west of the South Yellow Sea[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1986(24): 1887-1890.
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[3] 秦蕴珊, 赵一阳, 郑铁民, 等. 南黄海浅层声学地层的初步探讨[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1988, 19(5): 401-409. Qin Yunshan, Zhao Yiyang, Zheng Tiemin, et al. A study of shallow acoustic stratigraphy in the south Huanghai Sea[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1988, 19(5): 401-409.
[4] Milliman J D, Qin Y S, Park Y A. Sediments and sedimentary processes in the Yellow and East China Seas[C]//Taira A, Masuda F. Sedimentary Facies in the Active Plate Margin. Tokyo, Japan: Terra Scientific Publishing Company, 1989: 233-249.
[5] 杨子赓. 南黄海陆架晚更新世以来的沉积及环境[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1985, 5(4): 1-19. Yang Zigeng. Sedimentology and environment in South Huanghai Sea shelf since Late Pleistocene[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1985, 5(4): 1-19.
[6] 石文斌, 李德培, 王新成, 等. 南黄海浅层地震调查及其地质意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1986, 6(1): 87-104. Shi Wenbin, Li Depei, Wang Xincheng, et al. Shallow seismic surveying in South Huanghai Sea and its geological significance[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1986, 6(1): 87-104.
[7] 王颖, 朱大奎, 周旅复, 等. 南黄海辐射沙脊群沉积特点及其演变[J]. 中国科学: D 辑, 1998, 28(5): 385-393. Wang Ying, Zhu Dakui, Zhou Lüfu, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of radiative sand ridge field of the South Yellow Sea and its evolution[J]. Science in China: Series D, 1998, 28(5): 385-393.
[8] Li C X, Zhang J Q, Fan D D, et al. Holocene regression and the tidal radial sand ridge system formation in the Jiangsu coastal zone, east China[J]. Marine Geology, 2001, 173(1/4): 97-120.
[9] Liu J P, Milliman J D, Gao S, et al. Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2004, 209(1/4): 45-67.
[10] 薛春汀, 周永青, 朱雄华. 晚更新世末至公元前7世纪的黄河流向和黄河三角洲[J]. 海洋学报, 2004, 26(1): 48-61. Xue Chunting, Zhou Yongqing, Zhu Xionghua. The Huanghe River course and delta from end of Late Pleistocene to the 7th century BC[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2004, 26(1): 48-61.
[11] Yang Z S, Liu J P. A unique Yellow River-derived distal subaqueous delta in the Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2007, 240(1/4): 169-176.
[12] 顾兆峰, 张志珣. 南黄海西部浅部地层地震层序及其沉积特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2009, 29(4): 95-106. Gu Zhaofeng, Zhang Zhixun. Shallow seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary character in the western South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2009, 29(4): 95-106.
[13] 陶倩倩, 刘保华, 李西双, 等. 晚更新世南黄海西部陆架的古长江三角洲[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2009, 29(2): 15-24. Tao Qianqian, Liu Baohua, Li Xishuang, et al. Late Pleistocene evolution of the paleo Yangtze delta in the South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2009, 29(2): 15-24.
[14] Liu J, Saito Y, Kong X H, et al. Delta development and channel incision during marine isotope stages 3 and 2 in the western South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 278(1/4): 54-76.
[15] Wang Y, Zhang Y Z, Zou X Q, et al. The sand ridge field of the South Yellow Sea: origin by river-sea interaction[J]. Marine Geology, 2012, 291-294: 132-146.
[16] 夏非, 殷勇, 王强, 等. MIS 3晚期以来江苏中部海岸的层序地层[J]. 地质学报, 2012, 86(10): 1696-1712. Xia Fei, Yin Yong, Wang Qiang, et al. Sequence stratigraphy of the central part of north Jiangsu coasts since late MIS 3, Eastern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(10): 1696-1712.
[17] Xia F, Zhang Y Z, Wang Q, et al. Evolution of sedimentary environments of the middle Jiangsu coast, South Yellow Sea since late MIS 3[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013, 23(5): 883-914.
[18] Liu J, Kong X H, Saito Y, et al. Subaqueous deltaic formation of the Old Yellow River (AD 1128-1855) on the western South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2013, 344: 19-33.
[19] 孔祥淮, 刘健, 张勇, 等. 南黄海西部滨浅海区埋藏古河道研究[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2013, 31(3): 367-376. Kong Xianghuai, Liu Jian, Zhang Yong, et al. Study on buried channel systems in the Western South Yellow Sea[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2013, 31(3): 367-376.
[20] 张军强, 刘健, 孔祥淮, 等. 南黄海西部陆架区SYS-0804孔MIS 6以来地层和沉积演化[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(1): 1-12. Zhang Junqiang, Liu Jian, Kong Xianghuai, et al. Stratigraphic sequence and depositional environment since Marine Isotope Stage 6 in the continental shelf of the western South Yellow Sea: a case of SYS-0804 core[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(1): 1-12.
[21] Li X S, Zhao Y X, Feng Z B, et al. Quaternary seismic facies of the South Yellow Sea shelf: depositional processes influenced by sea-level change and tectonic controls[J]. Geological Journal, 2016, 51(S1): 77-95.
[22] 夏非. 辐射沙脊群西洋潮流通道的浅部层序地层与沉积环境演化[D]. 南京:南京大学, 2016. Xia Fei. Shallow sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the Xiyang tidal channel in the Radial Sand Ridge Field[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2016.
[23] Li G X, Li P, Liu Y, et al. Sedimentary system response to the global sea level change in the East China Seas since the last glacial maximum[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 139: 390-405.
[24] 陈报章, 李从先, 业治铮. 长江三角洲北翼全新统底界和“硬粘土层”的讨论[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1991, 11(2): 37-46. Chen Baozhang, Li Congxian, Ye Zhizheng. Holocene bottom boundary and “hard clay band” in the northern flank of the Changjiang River delta[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1991, 11(2): 37-46.
[25] 张家强, 李从先, 丛友滋. 苏北南黄海潮成沙体的发育条件及演变过程[J]. 海洋学报, 1999, 21(2): 65-74. Zhang Jiaqiang, Li Congxian, Cong Youzi. Producing condition and evolving progress of the tidal sand bodies in the northern Jiangsu and the southern Huanghai Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 1999, 21(2): 65-74.
[26] 王颖. 南黄海辐射沙脊群环境与资源[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2014. Wang Ying. Environment and Resource of the Radial Sand Ridge Field in the South Yellow Sea[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2014.
[27] 叶银灿. 中国海洋灾害地质学[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2012: 417-441. Ye Yincan. China Marine Hazard Geology[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2012: 417-441.
[28] 夏非, 张永战. 苏北平原龙冈LG孔晚第四纪地层与环境演化记录[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(2): 433-446. Xia Fei, Zhang Yongzhan. Late Quaternary strata and environmental evolution record of core LG in Longgang, north Jiangsu plain, China[J]. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(2): 433-446.
[2] Milliman J D, Qin Y S, Ren M E, et al. Man's influence on the erosion and transport of sediment by Asian rivers: the Yellow River (Huanghe) example[J]. The Journal of Geology, 1987, 95(6): 751-762.
[3] 秦蕴珊, 赵一阳, 郑铁民, 等. 南黄海浅层声学地层的初步探讨[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 1988, 19(5): 401-409. Qin Yunshan, Zhao Yiyang, Zheng Tiemin, et al. A study of shallow acoustic stratigraphy in the south Huanghai Sea[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 1988, 19(5): 401-409.
[4] Milliman J D, Qin Y S, Park Y A. Sediments and sedimentary processes in the Yellow and East China Seas[C]//Taira A, Masuda F. Sedimentary Facies in the Active Plate Margin. Tokyo, Japan: Terra Scientific Publishing Company, 1989: 233-249.
[5] 杨子赓. 南黄海陆架晚更新世以来的沉积及环境[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1985, 5(4): 1-19. Yang Zigeng. Sedimentology and environment in South Huanghai Sea shelf since Late Pleistocene[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1985, 5(4): 1-19.
[6] 石文斌, 李德培, 王新成, 等. 南黄海浅层地震调查及其地质意义[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1986, 6(1): 87-104. Shi Wenbin, Li Depei, Wang Xincheng, et al. Shallow seismic surveying in South Huanghai Sea and its geological significance[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1986, 6(1): 87-104.
[7] 王颖, 朱大奎, 周旅复, 等. 南黄海辐射沙脊群沉积特点及其演变[J]. 中国科学: D 辑, 1998, 28(5): 385-393. Wang Ying, Zhu Dakui, Zhou Lüfu, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of radiative sand ridge field of the South Yellow Sea and its evolution[J]. Science in China: Series D, 1998, 28(5): 385-393.
[8] Li C X, Zhang J Q, Fan D D, et al. Holocene regression and the tidal radial sand ridge system formation in the Jiangsu coastal zone, east China[J]. Marine Geology, 2001, 173(1/4): 97-120.
[9] Liu J P, Milliman J D, Gao S, et al. Holocene development of the Yellow River's subaqueous delta, North Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2004, 209(1/4): 45-67.
[10] 薛春汀, 周永青, 朱雄华. 晚更新世末至公元前7世纪的黄河流向和黄河三角洲[J]. 海洋学报, 2004, 26(1): 48-61. Xue Chunting, Zhou Yongqing, Zhu Xionghua. The Huanghe River course and delta from end of Late Pleistocene to the 7th century BC[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 2004, 26(1): 48-61.
[11] Yang Z S, Liu J P. A unique Yellow River-derived distal subaqueous delta in the Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2007, 240(1/4): 169-176.
[12] 顾兆峰, 张志珣. 南黄海西部浅部地层地震层序及其沉积特征[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2009, 29(4): 95-106. Gu Zhaofeng, Zhang Zhixun. Shallow seismic stratigraphy and sedimentary character in the western South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2009, 29(4): 95-106.
[13] 陶倩倩, 刘保华, 李西双, 等. 晚更新世南黄海西部陆架的古长江三角洲[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2009, 29(2): 15-24. Tao Qianqian, Liu Baohua, Li Xishuang, et al. Late Pleistocene evolution of the paleo Yangtze delta in the South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2009, 29(2): 15-24.
[14] Liu J, Saito Y, Kong X H, et al. Delta development and channel incision during marine isotope stages 3 and 2 in the western South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 278(1/4): 54-76.
[15] Wang Y, Zhang Y Z, Zou X Q, et al. The sand ridge field of the South Yellow Sea: origin by river-sea interaction[J]. Marine Geology, 2012, 291-294: 132-146.
[16] 夏非, 殷勇, 王强, 等. MIS 3晚期以来江苏中部海岸的层序地层[J]. 地质学报, 2012, 86(10): 1696-1712. Xia Fei, Yin Yong, Wang Qiang, et al. Sequence stratigraphy of the central part of north Jiangsu coasts since late MIS 3, Eastern China[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2012, 86(10): 1696-1712.
[17] Xia F, Zhang Y Z, Wang Q, et al. Evolution of sedimentary environments of the middle Jiangsu coast, South Yellow Sea since late MIS 3[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013, 23(5): 883-914.
[18] Liu J, Kong X H, Saito Y, et al. Subaqueous deltaic formation of the Old Yellow River (AD 1128-1855) on the western South Yellow Sea[J]. Marine Geology, 2013, 344: 19-33.
[19] 孔祥淮, 刘健, 张勇, 等. 南黄海西部滨浅海区埋藏古河道研究[J]. 海洋科学进展, 2013, 31(3): 367-376. Kong Xianghuai, Liu Jian, Zhang Yong, et al. Study on buried channel systems in the Western South Yellow Sea[J]. Advances in Marine Science, 2013, 31(3): 367-376.
[20] 张军强, 刘健, 孔祥淮, 等. 南黄海西部陆架区SYS-0804孔MIS 6以来地层和沉积演化[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2015, 35(1): 1-12. Zhang Junqiang, Liu Jian, Kong Xianghuai, et al. Stratigraphic sequence and depositional environment since Marine Isotope Stage 6 in the continental shelf of the western South Yellow Sea: a case of SYS-0804 core[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2015, 35(1): 1-12.
[21] Li X S, Zhao Y X, Feng Z B, et al. Quaternary seismic facies of the South Yellow Sea shelf: depositional processes influenced by sea-level change and tectonic controls[J]. Geological Journal, 2016, 51(S1): 77-95.
[22] 夏非. 辐射沙脊群西洋潮流通道的浅部层序地层与沉积环境演化[D]. 南京:南京大学, 2016. Xia Fei. Shallow sequence stratigraphy and sedimentary evolution of the Xiyang tidal channel in the Radial Sand Ridge Field[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University, 2016.
[23] Li G X, Li P, Liu Y, et al. Sedimentary system response to the global sea level change in the East China Seas since the last glacial maximum[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2014, 139: 390-405.
[24] 陈报章, 李从先, 业治铮. 长江三角洲北翼全新统底界和“硬粘土层”的讨论[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 1991, 11(2): 37-46. Chen Baozhang, Li Congxian, Ye Zhizheng. Holocene bottom boundary and “hard clay band” in the northern flank of the Changjiang River delta[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 1991, 11(2): 37-46.
[25] 张家强, 李从先, 丛友滋. 苏北南黄海潮成沙体的发育条件及演变过程[J]. 海洋学报, 1999, 21(2): 65-74. Zhang Jiaqiang, Li Congxian, Cong Youzi. Producing condition and evolving progress of the tidal sand bodies in the northern Jiangsu and the southern Huanghai Sea[J]. Haiyang Xuebao, 1999, 21(2): 65-74.
[26] 王颖. 南黄海辐射沙脊群环境与资源[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2014. Wang Ying. Environment and Resource of the Radial Sand Ridge Field in the South Yellow Sea[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2014.
[27] 叶银灿. 中国海洋灾害地质学[M]. 北京: 海洋出版社, 2012: 417-441. Ye Yincan. China Marine Hazard Geology[M]. Beijing: China Ocean Press, 2012: 417-441.
[28] 夏非, 张永战. 苏北平原龙冈LG孔晚第四纪地层与环境演化记录[J]. 地理研究, 2018, 37(2): 433-446. Xia Fei, Zhang Yongzhan. Late Quaternary strata and environmental evolution record of core LG in Longgang, north Jiangsu plain, China[J]. Geographical Research, 2018, 37(2): 433-446.