浅析城市地下空间室内环境特点及设计思路:以西安赛格国际购物中心为例
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摘要
随着中国城镇化进程的迅猛发展,城市规模不断扩大,人口不断增长,城市交通拥堵、环境污染、土地资源日益紧缺等问题日益凸显。城市地下空间作为城市资源的重要组成部分,适当的城市地下化发展可以在一定程度上缓解这些问题。文章简要叙述了目前我国城市地下空间开发利用的现状及城市地下空间的应用类型,分析了地下空间的恒温性、隔热性、湿度较大、环境封闭空气流通性差、天然光线不足、缺乏自然景观、没有外部形态等内部环境特点。以西安赛格国际购物中心为例,从自然采光、人工照明、植物水体和界面设计的角度概述了地下综合体室内设计的核心理念和关键步骤。最后提出了如下关于城市地下商业空间室内设计的优化思路:(1)空间布局明确,符合人的空间认知习惯;(2)通过扩大建筑入口和先进的技术手段,引入天然光;(3)运用照明模拟自然光;(4)引入自然元素,使室内外环境自然过渡,增加地下空间的活力,改善封闭感,缓解人的心理和生理障碍;(5)地下空间的各类尺度应符合人体尺度,避免产生不适感;(6)注重行动不便的人群,设置人性化的无障碍设施;(7)设计充足的休憩场所;(8)注重设计本土化,展现地域文化特色。
Rapid urbanization in China has led to the continuing expansion of urban space and population,causing growing problems of urban traffic congestion,environmental pollution and increasingly scarce land resources.Since urban underground space is an important part of urban resources,proper development of underground cities may alleviate these problems to some extent.In this report,we briefly described the current status of urban underground space development and utilization in China and the types of urban underground space applications,and analyzed the characteristics of the internal environment of underground space such as constant temperature,heat insulation,high humidity,poor air circulation,insufficient natural lighting,lack of natural landscape and ecological support,etc.Taking the Xi'an SAGA International Shopping Center as an example,we then summarized the key concepts and procedures in underground complex interior design using natural and artificial lighting,plant water and interface design.Finally,we proposed the following optimization ideas on urban underground commercial space interior design:(1)Design clear spatial layout that conforms to human spatial cognition habit;(2)Introduce natural lighting through entrance expansion or modern technology;(3)Use artificial lighting that simulates natural lighting;(4)Introduce natural elements to achieve natural transition between indoor and outdoor environments and create open and vibrant underground space to alleviate human psychological and physiological barriers;(5)Design variable dimensions of underground space conforming to human scale to avoid discomfort;(6)Pay attention to people of reduced mobility and set up no-barrier access ways;(7)Set up ample rest areas;and(8)Encourage local design ideas to reflect regional cultural characteristics.
Rapid urbanization in China has led to the continuing expansion of urban space and population,causing growing problems of urban traffic congestion,environmental pollution and increasingly scarce land resources.Since urban underground space is an important part of urban resources,proper development of underground cities may alleviate these problems to some extent.In this report,we briefly described the current status of urban underground space development and utilization in China and the types of urban underground space applications,and analyzed the characteristics of the internal environment of underground space such as constant temperature,heat insulation,high humidity,poor air circulation,insufficient natural lighting,lack of natural landscape and ecological support,etc.Taking the Xi'an SAGA International Shopping Center as an example,we then summarized the key concepts and procedures in underground complex interior design using natural and artificial lighting,plant water and interface design.Finally,we proposed the following optimization ideas on urban underground commercial space interior design:(1)Design clear spatial layout that conforms to human spatial cognition habit;(2)Introduce natural lighting through entrance expansion or modern technology;(3)Use artificial lighting that simulates natural lighting;(4)Introduce natural elements to achieve natural transition between indoor and outdoor environments and create open and vibrant underground space to alleviate human psychological and physiological barriers;(5)Design variable dimensions of underground space conforming to human scale to avoid discomfort;(6)Pay attention to people of reduced mobility and set up no-barrier access ways;(7)Set up ample rest areas;and(8)Encourage local design ideas to reflect regional cultural characteristics.
引文
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[13]沈志敏.地下空间室内设计的依据和特点[J].地下空间,1995,15(1):7-9.
[2]魏然.西安市雁塔北路地下空间利用现状调研[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2013.
[3]蒋树屏.中国公路隧道数据统计[J].隧道建设,2017,37(5):641-644.
[4]陈志龙.中国城市地下空间发展蓝皮书(2017)[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2017.
[5] BOISVERT M.Montreal's underground shopping center and its influence on ground commerce[J].北京规划建设,2004(1):12-13.
[6]李红,王葆华,靳昭.室内空间:城市空间发展的另一个维度[J].现代装饰(理论),2012(1):132-133.
[7]束昱,路姗,阮叶菁.城市地下空间规划与设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.
[8]束昱.城市地下空间环境艺术设计[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.
[9]城市地下空间开发利用关键技术指南编委会.城市地下空间开发利用关键技术指南[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2006.
[10]龚曲艺,翁季,杨林川.地下商业入口空间的人性化营造[J].西部人居环境学刊,2016,31(6):36-41.
[11]吴祖军,张志卿.浅谈城市地下空间的景观设计[J].科技风,2011(18):25-31.
[12]李娟.城市地下空间人性化设计的相关探讨[J].低碳世界,2017(35):245-246.
[13]沈志敏.地下空间室内设计的依据和特点[J].地下空间,1995,15(1):7-9.