中国科技及经济空间联系强度研究
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摘要
采用我国283个地级市2003—2015年的面板数据,使用改进的引力模型测算了各省科技与经济联系的强度,考察了科技联系强度与经济联系强度之间的关系。结果显示:①各省科技联系强度、经济联系强度均在时间趋势上呈阶段性波动,两者未呈现明显的区域一致性;区域空间联系水平存在明显的空间分异特征,东部地区科技与经济联系强度均领先于中西部地区,且随时间推移地区间差距进一步拉大。②在考察期内,经济联系强度与科技联系强度之间呈"U"型关系,我国多数省份均处于"U"型曲线下降阶段;跨过拐点后,经济联系强度与科技联系强度正相关。③对外开放水平、科技投入水平对科技联系强度具有促进作用,产业结构、科技产出水平对科技联系强度具有抑制作用。
Based on the panel data of 283 cities in China from 2003 to 2015,this paper adopted improved gravity model to calculate the scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity,and examined the relationship between them. The results showed that:①Scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity showed stage fluctuations in time trends. However,both of them didn't have evident region consistency. Regional spatial linkage intensity had evident differences. The eastern region was ahead of central and western regions in both scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity,regional disparities were widening with time.②The research showed that there existed U-shaped relationship between scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity. Most of the provinces in China were in the falling stage of the U-curve. There was positive correlation between scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity.③The level of opening up and the level of scientific & technological input had the positive influence on the scientific & technological linkage intensity,while the industrial structure and the level of scientific & technological output had the negative impact on the scientific & technological linkage intensity.
Based on the panel data of 283 cities in China from 2003 to 2015,this paper adopted improved gravity model to calculate the scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity,and examined the relationship between them. The results showed that:①Scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity showed stage fluctuations in time trends. However,both of them didn't have evident region consistency. Regional spatial linkage intensity had evident differences. The eastern region was ahead of central and western regions in both scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity,regional disparities were widening with time.②The research showed that there existed U-shaped relationship between scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity. Most of the provinces in China were in the falling stage of the U-curve. There was positive correlation between scientific & technological linkage intensity and economic linkage intensity.③The level of opening up and the level of scientific & technological input had the positive influence on the scientific & technological linkage intensity,while the industrial structure and the level of scientific & technological output had the negative impact on the scientific & technological linkage intensity.
引文
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[25]冯长春,丰学兵,刘思君.高速铁路对中国省际可达性的影响[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(8)∶1187-1194.
[2]Theodore T,Antony S. Gravity Models for Dynamic Transport Planning:Development and Implementation in Urban Networks[J]. Journal of Transport Geography,2006,14(2)∶152-160.
[3]Tobias G,Franz R,Armin H. Gravity Models for Airline Passenger Volume Estimation[J]. Journal of Air Transport Management,2007,13(4)∶175-183.
[4]王德忠,庄仁兴.区域经济联系定量分析初探——以上海与苏锡常地区经济联系为例[J].地理科学,1996,16(1)∶51-57.
[5]刘建朝,高素英.基于城市联系强度与城市流的京津冀城市群空间联系研究[J].地域研究与开发,2013,32(2)∶57-61.
[6]钱春蕾,叶菁,陆潮.基于改进城市引力模型的武汉城市圈引力格局划分研究[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(2)∶237-245.
[7]焦利民,唐欣,刘小平.城市群视角下空间联系与城市扩张的关联分析[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(10)∶1177-1185.
[8]李陈,靳相木.基于引力模型的中心镇空间联系测度研究——以浙江省金华市25个中心镇为例[J].地理科学,2016,36(5)∶724-732.
[9]赵东霞,韩增林,赵彪.东北地区城市经济联系的空间格局及其演化[J].地理科学,2016,36(6)∶846-854.
[10]赵正,王佳昊,冯骥.京津冀城市群核心城市的空间联系及影响测度[J].经济地理,2017,37(6)∶60-66,75.
[11]孟德友,陆玉麒.基于铁路客运网络的省际可达性及经济联系格局[J].地理研究,2012,31(1)∶107-122.
[12]尹鹏,李诚固,陈才.东北地区省际城市可达性及经济联系格局[J].经济地理,2014,34(6)∶68-74.
[13]曹小曙,李涛,杨文越,等.基于陆路交通的丝绸之路经济带可达性与城市空间联系[J].地理科学进展,2015,34(6)∶657-664.
[14]赵纯凤,杨晴青,朱媛媛,等.湖南区域经济的空间联系和空间组织[J].经济地理,2015,35(8)∶53-60,67.
[15]曹佳斌,毛艳华.基于公路通达性的区域经济空间关联分析——来自全国283个地级市的实证研究[J].暨南学报(哲学社会科学版),2016,38(8)∶111-122,132.
[16]韩艳红,陆玉麒.南京都市圈可达性与经济联系格局演化研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,2014,23(12)∶1641-1648.
[17]蒋天颖,谢敏,刘刚.基于引力模型的区域创新产出空间联系研究——以浙江省为例[J].地理科学,2014,34(11)∶1320-1326.
[18]张鸿鹤,马荣康,刘凤朝.基于引力模型的东北地区创新产出空间联系研究[J].大连理工大学学报(社会科学版),2017,38(4)∶33-39.
[19]董必荣,赵婷婷,王敬勇,等.基于引力模型的省域创新产出空间联系研究[J].南京审计大学学报,2018,15(1)∶25-34.
[20]吕海萍,池仁勇,化祥雨.创新资源协同空间联系与区域经济增长——基于中国省域数据的实证分析[J].地理科学,2017,37(11)∶1649-1658.
[21]Charnes A,Cooper W W,Rhodes E. Measuring the Efficiency of Decision Marking Units[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6)∶429-444.
[22]Brown M G,Svenson R A. Measuring R&D Productivity[J]. Research Technology Management,1998,41(6)∶30-35.
[23]Griliches Z. Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators:A Survey[J].Journal of EconomicLiterature,1990,28(4)∶1661-1707.
[24]Chien T,Hu J L. Renewable Energy and Macroeconomic Efficiency of OECD and Non-OECD Economies[J]. Energy Policy,2007,35(7)∶3606-3615.
[25]冯长春,丰学兵,刘思君.高速铁路对中国省际可达性的影响[J].地理科学进展,2013,32(8)∶1187-1194.