新一轮农地确权对耕地质量保护行为的影响研究
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摘要
本研究基于长江中下游地区的湖南、江西、江苏三省的农户调研数据,采用Ⅳ-mvtobit等方法,实证分析了新一轮农地确权对耕地质量保护行为的影响。结果表明:(1)对承包地而言,确权会促使化肥施用减少、配方肥施用增加;促使有机肥施用增加,对秸秆还田影响不显著;确权会促使风险偏好型农户在承包地上增施有机肥,对损失规避型农户没有显著影响。(2)对转入地而言,确权仅促使化肥施用减少,对其他耕地质量保护行为没有显著影响。"抵押品效应"是存在的,确权通过放松土地经营权信贷配给的机制,提升了农户对抵押物的投资行为(在转入地上增施有机肥);但是,"控制权偏好"并不存在,因为确权并未改变转入地的租金及交易费用。(3)从技术组合视角看,化肥施用-配方肥施用行为之间呈现显著的替代关系,有机肥施用-秸秆还田行为之间相互独立。确权政策可有效促使化肥减少、进而间接促使配方肥施用的增加,这意味着相关研究不能忽视农地确权通过化肥减量而促使配方肥施用增加的间接效应。(4)从政策组合视角看,补贴、提供测土配方信息卡与秸秆禁烧等政策对相应耕地质量保护行为的影响非常显著,实证分析时需要控制这类关联政策。虽然,该研究发现农地确权对承包地存在积极影响,但对转入地而言的积极贡献非常有限,这或者能解决中国耕地质量保护中的极小部分问题。未来,可以尝试建立"生态农场"认证制度,以释放土地确权对于农业可持续发展的正外部性,它将为耕地质量保护提供政策抓手,促进家庭农场实现升级换代。
Based on survey data of farmers in Hunan,Jiangxi and Jiangsu,using Ⅳ-mvtobit method,this paper analyzed the impact of a new round of farmland right verification on the protection of cultivated land quality. The results showed that:(1) For farmers 'contracted farmland,farmland right verification will reduce the use of fertilizer while increasing the use of organic fertilizer,but has no obvious impact over the returning straw. Farmland right verification does encourage the farmers with high-risk-preference to apply organic fertilizer but has little influence over the behavior of farmers with high-loss-aversion.(2)For the rented lands,farmland right verification also leads to the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and it does not alter other farmland quality protection behaviors.The verification reduces the credits rationing through land mortgage loan as well as improves the farmers' investment in mortgages( e. g. organic fertilizer application). Nevertheless,farmland right verification shares no detectible link with the rent and transaction cost over the lands.(3) From the perspective of choices over techniques,there is a significant substitutional relationship between chemical fertilizer and formula fertilizer but the organic fertilizer application and stalk returning behavior appear to be independent from each other. Therefore,the decisions over related policy cannot ignore the indirect effects of the reduction of chemical fertilizers,as it will cause the increase in the application of formula fertilizers.(4)The subsidy policy,soil testing policy and straw burning ban policy have significant effects on the corresponding farmland quality protection behaviors. Related studies should be conducted while the relevant policies are controlled as variables. In summary,although the study found that farmland right verification has a positive impact on farmers' own land quality but has limited effect on the renting land. In the near future,'ecological farm'certification system might be established to release the positive externalities of farmland right verification,which will promote the protection of cultivated land quality while upgrading farm management organization.
Based on survey data of farmers in Hunan,Jiangxi and Jiangsu,using Ⅳ-mvtobit method,this paper analyzed the impact of a new round of farmland right verification on the protection of cultivated land quality. The results showed that:(1) For farmers 'contracted farmland,farmland right verification will reduce the use of fertilizer while increasing the use of organic fertilizer,but has no obvious impact over the returning straw. Farmland right verification does encourage the farmers with high-risk-preference to apply organic fertilizer but has little influence over the behavior of farmers with high-loss-aversion.(2)For the rented lands,farmland right verification also leads to the reduction of chemical fertilizer application and it does not alter other farmland quality protection behaviors.The verification reduces the credits rationing through land mortgage loan as well as improves the farmers' investment in mortgages( e. g. organic fertilizer application). Nevertheless,farmland right verification shares no detectible link with the rent and transaction cost over the lands.(3) From the perspective of choices over techniques,there is a significant substitutional relationship between chemical fertilizer and formula fertilizer but the organic fertilizer application and stalk returning behavior appear to be independent from each other. Therefore,the decisions over related policy cannot ignore the indirect effects of the reduction of chemical fertilizers,as it will cause the increase in the application of formula fertilizers.(4)The subsidy policy,soil testing policy and straw burning ban policy have significant effects on the corresponding farmland quality protection behaviors. Related studies should be conducted while the relevant policies are controlled as variables. In summary,although the study found that farmland right verification has a positive impact on farmers' own land quality but has limited effect on the renting land. In the near future,'ecological farm'certification system might be established to release the positive externalities of farmland right verification,which will promote the protection of cultivated land quality while upgrading farm management organization.
引文
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[9]马贤磊.现阶段农地产权制度对农户土壤保护性投资影响的实证分析——以丘陵地区水稻生产为例[J].中国农村经济,2009(10):31-41.
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[11]程令国,张晔,刘志彪.农地确权促进了中国农村土地的流转吗?[J].管理世界,2016(1):88-97.
[12]丰雷,蒋妍,叶剑平.诱致性制度变迁还是强制性制度变迁?——中国农村土地调整的制度演进及地区差异研究[J].经济研究,2013(6):4-18.
[13]杨志海,王雅鹏,麦尔旦·吐尔孙.农户耕地质量保护性投入行为及其影响因素分析——基于兼业分化视角[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(12):105-112.
[14]TANAKA T,CAMERER C,NUYEN Q. Poverty,politics,and preferences:field experiments and survey data from Vietnam,American[J]. Economic review,2010,100(1):557-571.
[15]HOLDEN S, LUNDUKA R. Do fertilizer subsidies crowd out organic manures? the case of Malawi[J]. Agricultural economics,2012,43(3):303-314.
[16]褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农产采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(3):68-77.
[17]曹光乔,张宗毅.农户采纳保护性耕作技术影响因素研究[J].农业经济问题,2008(8):69-74.
[18]陈明,武小龙,刘祖云.权属意识、地方性知识与土地确权实践——贵州省丘陵山区农村土地承包经营权确权的实证研究[J].农业经济问题,2014(2):65-74.
[19]高瑛,王娜,李向菲,等.农产生态友好型农田土壤管理技术采纳决策分析——以山东省为例[J].农业经济问题,2017(1):38-47.
[20]李祖佩,管珊.“被产权”:农地确权的实践逻辑及启示——基于某土地产权改革试点村的实证考察[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(1):80-87.
[21]肖建英,谭术魁,程明华.保护性耕作的农户响应意愿实证研究.中国土地科学,2012(12):57-63.
[22]郜亮亮,黄季焜,ROZELLE S,等.中国农地流转市场的发展及其对农户投资的影响[J].经济学(季刊),2011(7):1499-1513.
[2]JACOBY H G,LI G,ROZELLE S. Hazards of expropriation:tenure insecurity and investment ill rural China[J]. American economic review,2002,92(5):1420-1447.
[3]仇焕广,刘乐,李登旺,等.经营规模、地权稳定性与土地生产率——基于全国4省地块层面调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2017(6):30-42.
[4]FAN M,SHEN J,YUAN L,et al. Improving crop productivity and resource use efficiency to ensure food security and environmental quality in China[J]. Journal of experimental botany,2012,63(1):13-24.
[5]林文声,秦明,王志刚.农地确权颁证与农户农业投资行为[J].农业技术经济,2017(12):4-13.
[6]付江涛,纪月清,胡浩.新一轮承包地确权登记颁证足否促进了农户的土地流转——来自江苏省3县(市、区)的经验证据[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2016,16(1):105-113.
[7]黄季焜,冀县卿.农地使用权确权与农户对农地的长期投资[J].管理世界,2012(9):76-81.
[8]钟文晶,罗必良.禀赋效应、产权强度与农地流转抑制——基于广东省的实证分析[J].农业经济问题,2013(3):6-16.
[9]马贤磊.现阶段农地产权制度对农户土壤保护性投资影响的实证分析——以丘陵地区水稻生产为例[J].中国农村经济,2009(10):31-41.
[10]俞海,黄季焜,ROZELLE S,等.地权稳定性、土地流转与农地资源持续利用[J].经济研究,2003(9):82-91.
[11]程令国,张晔,刘志彪.农地确权促进了中国农村土地的流转吗?[J].管理世界,2016(1):88-97.
[12]丰雷,蒋妍,叶剑平.诱致性制度变迁还是强制性制度变迁?——中国农村土地调整的制度演进及地区差异研究[J].经济研究,2013(6):4-18.
[13]杨志海,王雅鹏,麦尔旦·吐尔孙.农户耕地质量保护性投入行为及其影响因素分析——基于兼业分化视角[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2015(12):105-112.
[14]TANAKA T,CAMERER C,NUYEN Q. Poverty,politics,and preferences:field experiments and survey data from Vietnam,American[J]. Economic review,2010,100(1):557-571.
[15]HOLDEN S, LUNDUKA R. Do fertilizer subsidies crowd out organic manures? the case of Malawi[J]. Agricultural economics,2012,43(3):303-314.
[16]褚彩虹,冯淑怡,张蔚文.农产采用环境友好型农业技术行为的实证分析——以有机肥与测土配方施肥技术为例[J].中国农村经济,2012(3):68-77.
[17]曹光乔,张宗毅.农户采纳保护性耕作技术影响因素研究[J].农业经济问题,2008(8):69-74.
[18]陈明,武小龙,刘祖云.权属意识、地方性知识与土地确权实践——贵州省丘陵山区农村土地承包经营权确权的实证研究[J].农业经济问题,2014(2):65-74.
[19]高瑛,王娜,李向菲,等.农产生态友好型农田土壤管理技术采纳决策分析——以山东省为例[J].农业经济问题,2017(1):38-47.
[20]李祖佩,管珊.“被产权”:农地确权的实践逻辑及启示——基于某土地产权改革试点村的实证考察[J].南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2013(1):80-87.
[21]肖建英,谭术魁,程明华.保护性耕作的农户响应意愿实证研究.中国土地科学,2012(12):57-63.
[22]郜亮亮,黄季焜,ROZELLE S,等.中国农地流转市场的发展及其对农户投资的影响[J].经济学(季刊),2011(7):1499-1513.