近57 a玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化
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摘要
利用1958年航片和1976年、1987年、1998年、2006年和2015年5期遥感影像解译数据,运用ArcG IS软件提取矢量化数据,对玛纳斯河流域近57 a的土地利用/覆被变化进行分析。结果表明:(1)玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被在1958—2015年发生了普遍变化,耕地、未利用地和建筑用地的面积不断增加,占流域总面积的比例分别为15. 27%、4. 6%和1. 53%;而草地、林地和水域不断减少,减少面积占流域总面积的比例分别为13. 5%、5. 3%和2. 55%。(2)土地利用动态变化分析表明,玛纳斯河流域近57 a变化速度最快的是建筑用地,年变化率占流域总面积的12. 37%;其次是耕地,年变化率占流域总面积的6. 01%;此外,未利用地、林地、草地和水域的年变化率分别为0. 21%、-0. 99%、-0. 54%和-1. 39%。(3)土地利用变化改变了该流域的景观格局,导致景观结构破碎化。1958—2015年耕地、草地和未利用地的斑块数增加最多,分别增加了8. 50×10~5个、6. 54×10~5个和2. 68×10~5个;而平均斑块面积(MPS)却在不断减小,分别减小1. 83 km~2、26. 11 km~2和20. 26 km~2,其中耕地和草地破碎化增加。玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化的分析对于深入揭示流域土地利用变化的内部机制,促进流域水土资源的合理开发和维持地区生态安全具有重要的意义。
In this paper,the land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin in recent 57 years was studied by using the extract vectorized data based on the aerial images in 1958 and the interpretation data of remote sensing images in 1976,1987,1998,2006 and 2015. The results showed that:(1) The land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin was general from 1958 to 2015,the areas of cultivated land,unused land and construction land were enlarged by 5 116. 72 km~2,1 543. 32 km~2 and 513. 83 km~2,and the proportions of their total areas were increased by15. 27%,4. 6% and 1. 53%,respectively; while the proportions of grasslands,woodlands and waters were decreased by 13. 5%,5. 3% and 2. 55% respectively;(2) According to the analyzed results of dynamic land use change,the change of construction land in the Manas River Basin in recent 57 years was the most significant with an annual change rate of 12. 37%,and it was followed by the change of cultivated land with an annual change rate of 6. 01%;in addition,the annual change rates of unused land,woodlands,grasslands and waters were 0. 21%,-0. 99%,-0. 54% and-1. 39% respectively;(3) The land use change resulted in the change of the landscape pattern and towards a fragmental structure in the watershed. From 1958 to 2015,the numbers of patches of cultivated land,grasslands and unused land were increased most significantly,they were increased by 8. 50 × 10~5,6. 54 × 10~5 and2. 68 × 10~5 respectively; on the contrary,the average areas were reduced by 1. 83 km~2,26. 11 km~2 and 20. 26 km~2 respectively,thus the fragmentation of cultivated land and grasslands occurred. Therefore,the analysis of land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin is of great significance for revealing the internal mechanism of land use change,promoting the rational development of land and water resources in the basin,and maintaining the regional ecological security.
In this paper,the land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin in recent 57 years was studied by using the extract vectorized data based on the aerial images in 1958 and the interpretation data of remote sensing images in 1976,1987,1998,2006 and 2015. The results showed that:(1) The land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin was general from 1958 to 2015,the areas of cultivated land,unused land and construction land were enlarged by 5 116. 72 km~2,1 543. 32 km~2 and 513. 83 km~2,and the proportions of their total areas were increased by15. 27%,4. 6% and 1. 53%,respectively; while the proportions of grasslands,woodlands and waters were decreased by 13. 5%,5. 3% and 2. 55% respectively;(2) According to the analyzed results of dynamic land use change,the change of construction land in the Manas River Basin in recent 57 years was the most significant with an annual change rate of 12. 37%,and it was followed by the change of cultivated land with an annual change rate of 6. 01%;in addition,the annual change rates of unused land,woodlands,grasslands and waters were 0. 21%,-0. 99%,-0. 54% and-1. 39% respectively;(3) The land use change resulted in the change of the landscape pattern and towards a fragmental structure in the watershed. From 1958 to 2015,the numbers of patches of cultivated land,grasslands and unused land were increased most significantly,they were increased by 8. 50 × 10~5,6. 54 × 10~5 and2. 68 × 10~5 respectively; on the contrary,the average areas were reduced by 1. 83 km~2,26. 11 km~2 and 20. 26 km~2 respectively,thus the fragmentation of cultivated land and grasslands occurred. Therefore,the analysis of land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin is of great significance for revealing the internal mechanism of land use change,promoting the rational development of land and water resources in the basin,and maintaining the regional ecological security.
引文
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[2]张建,陈凤,濮励杰,等.近20年苏锡常地区土地利用格局变化及其驱动因素分析[J].资源科学,2007,29(4):61-68.[Zhang Jian,Chen Feng,Pu Lijie,et al.Analysis of land use pattern change and its driving factors in Suzhou,Wuxi and Changzhou areas in recent 20 years[J].Resources Science,2007,29(4):61-68.]
[3]唐小英,唐湘玲.近30年对干旱区内陆河流域土地利用/土地覆被转换的监测---以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例[J].湖北农业科学,2016,55(21):5 500-5 506.[Tang Xiaoying,Tang Xiangling.Monitoring of land use/land cover conversion in the inland river basin in the arid area in recent 30 years:A case study of the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2016,55(21):5 500-5 506.]
[4]刘纪远,匡文慧,张增祥,等.20世纪80年代末以来中国土地利用变化的基本特征与空间格局[J].地理学报,2014,69(1):3-14.[Liu Jiyuan,Kuang Wenhui,Zhang Zengxiang,et al.Basic characteristics and spatial pattern of land use change in China since the late 1980s[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2014,69(1):3-14.]
[5]Deng J S,Wang K,Yang H,et al.Spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use change and landscape pattern in response to rapid urbanization[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2009,92(3-4):187-198.
[6]韩会然,杨成凤,宋金平.北京市土地利用变化特征及驱动机制[J].经济地理,2015,35(5):148-154,19.[Han Huiran,Yang Chengfeng,Song Jinping.Characteristics and driving mechanism of land use change in Beijing[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(5):148-154,19.]
[7]刘金巍,靳甜甜,刘国华,等.新疆玛纳斯河流域2000-2010年土地利用/覆盖变化及影响因素[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3 211-3 223.[Liu Jinwei,Jin Tiantian,Liu Guohua,et al.Land use/cover change and its influencing factors in the Manas River Basin of Xinjiang from 2000 to 2010[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(12):3 211-3 223.]
[8]Zorrilla-Miras P,Palomo I,Gomez-Baggethun E,et al.Effects of land-use change on wetland ecosystem services:A case study in the Donana marshes(SW Spain)[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,122:160-174.
[9]郭旭东,陈利顶,傅伯杰.土地利用/土地覆被变化对区域生态环境的影响[J].环境科学进展,1999,7(6):66-75.[Guo Xudong,Chen Liding,Fu Bojie.Effects of land use/land cover change on regional ecological environment[J].Advances in Environmental Science,1999,7(6):66-75.]
[10]Schaldach R,Alcamo J,Koch J,et al.An integrated approach to modelling land-use change on continental and global scales[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2011,26(8):1 041-1 051.
[11]杨俊,解鹏,席建超,等.基于元胞自动机模型的土地利用变化模拟---以大连经济技术开发区为例[J].地理学报,2015,70(3):461-475.[Yang Jun,Xie Peng,Xi Jianchao,et al.Simulation of land use change based on cellular automata model:Taking Dalian Economic and Technological Development Zone as an example[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2015,70(3):461-475.]
[12]Zhang Qingqing.Spatial analysis of land use and land cover changes in recent 30 years in Manas River Basin[C]//Intelligent Information Technology Application Association.Prcoeedings of the2011 International Conference of Environmental Science and Engineering(ICESE 2011 Part).Intelligent Information Technology Application Association,2011:11.
[13]李义玲,乔木,杨小林,等.干旱区典型流域近30年土地利用/土地覆被变化的分形特征分析---以玛纳斯河流域为例[J].干旱区地理,2008,31(1):75-81.[Li Yiling,Qiao Mu,Yang Xiaolin,et al.Analysis of fractal characteristics of land use/land cover change in typical watersheds in arid areas in recent 30 years:A case study of Manas River Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2008,31(1):75-81.]
[14]凌红波,徐海量,樊自立,等.玛纳斯河流域绿洲土地利用可持续性评价[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):872-877.[Ling Hongbo,Xu Hailiang,Fan Zili,et al.Evaluation of land use sustainability in the Manas River Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(3):872-877.]
[15]梁二敏,张军民.新疆玛纳斯河流域景观格局变化的生态安全分析[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):170-175.[Liang Ermin,Zhang Junmin.Analysis of ecological security of landscape pattern changes in Manas River Basin of Xinjiang[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,23(3):170-175.]
[16]吴莉,侯西勇,徐新良,等.山东沿海地区土地利用和景观格局变化[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(5):207-216.[Wu Li,Hou Xiyong,Xu Xinliang,et al.Land use and landscape pattern change in coastal areas of Shandong Province[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2013,29(5):207-216.]
[17]梁二敏,张军民,杨卫红.新疆玛纳斯河流域绿洲景观生态脆弱性时空分异[J].干旱区研究,2017,34(4):950-957.[Liang Ermin,Zhang Junmin,Yang Weihong.Spatiotemporal differentiation of ecological vulnerability of oasis landscape in Manas River Basin,Xinjiang[J].Arid Zone Research,2017,34(4):950-957.]
[18]贡璐,王宏卫,鲍平勇,等.塔里木河上游典型绿洲景观变化及其生态效应分析[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):421-425.[Gong Wei,Wang Hongwei,Bao Pingyong,et al.Analysis of the typical oasis landscape change and its ecological effects in the upper reaches of the Tarim River[J].Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(3):421-425.]
[19]李菊荣,王延华,唐湘玲,等.新疆玛纳斯河流域土地利用变化特征及影响因素研究[J].土壤通报,2018,49(1):61-68.[Li Jurong,Wang Yanhua,Tang Xiangling,et al.Study on land use change characteristics and influencing factors in Manas River Basin of Xinjiang[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2018,49(1):61-68.]
[20]柳梅英,包安明,陈曦,等.近30年玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化对植被碳储量的影响[J].自然资源学报,2010,25(6):926-938.[Liu Meiying,Bao Anming,Chen Xi,et al.Effects of land use/cover change on vegetation carbon storage in the Manas River Basin in recent 30 years[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2010,25(6):926-938.]
[21]李义玲,乔木,杨小林,等.干旱区典型流域近30 a土地利用/覆被变化和景观破碎化分析---以玛纳斯河流域为例[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1 050-1 051.[Li Yiling,Qiao Mu,Yang Xiaolin,et al.Analysis of land use/cover change and landscape fragmentation in typical watersheds of arid areas in recent 30years:A case study of Manas River Basin[J].Journal of Desert Research,2008,28(6):1 050-1 051.]
[22]刘纪远.中国资源环境遥感宏观调查与动态研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1996.[Liu Jiyuan.Macroscopic Survey and Dynamic Research on China’s Resource and Environment Remote Sensing[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1996.]
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