面向宽频采集的新型检波器研发与应用
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摘要
拓宽地震信号频带范围,实现宽频地震采集,是提高地震分辨率和成像精度的关键,用于宽频地震采集的检波器要求具有单点单支、频带宽、灵敏度高、保真度高、理想的幅频相频响应等特性。基于现有电磁式动圈检波器和MEMS数字检波器工作原理和实际应用效果分析,结合两种检波器的技术优势,开展了新型检波器的设计和研发,并对新型检波器进行了特性参数实验室测试,验证了新型检波器的宽频特性。将新型检波器与自然频率为10Hz和5Hz的动圈检波器以及MEMS数字检波器进行了地震数据采集对比和数据处理分析,结果表明,新型检波器具有频带宽的优势,获得的剖面层间信息更为丰富,地震分辨率和成像精度明显提高,具有很好的应用前景。
Improved seismic resolution and imaging accuracy require the acquisition of a broader seismic bandwidth.Geophones,therefore,need to evolve toward high fidelity sensors that are sensitive across a broad frequency band,and yield ideal amplitude and phase responses to meet the demand for broadband seismic acquisition.By combining the advantages of existing electromagnetic moving-coil geophones and microelectromechanical system(MEMS)-based digital geophones,a novel accelerometer sensor is designed.The proposed geophone outperformed three types of industry geophones over a broad frequency band:MEMS-based digital geophone and moving-coil geophones with 10-Hz,5-Hz natural frequency.Field data analysis indicated the novel geophone could obtain a wider frequency band and potentially provide more abundant stratigraphic information,which would improve seismic resolution and imaging accuracy.There are a range of future applications for these novel geophones,including oil and gas exploration,micro-seismic monitoring,and engineering seismology,that present potential application prospects.
Improved seismic resolution and imaging accuracy require the acquisition of a broader seismic bandwidth.Geophones,therefore,need to evolve toward high fidelity sensors that are sensitive across a broad frequency band,and yield ideal amplitude and phase responses to meet the demand for broadband seismic acquisition.By combining the advantages of existing electromagnetic moving-coil geophones and microelectromechanical system(MEMS)-based digital geophones,a novel accelerometer sensor is designed.The proposed geophone outperformed three types of industry geophones over a broad frequency band:MEMS-based digital geophone and moving-coil geophones with 10-Hz,5-Hz natural frequency.Field data analysis indicated the novel geophone could obtain a wider frequency band and potentially provide more abundant stratigraphic information,which would improve seismic resolution and imaging accuracy.There are a range of future applications for these novel geophones,including oil and gas exploration,micro-seismic monitoring,and engineering seismology,that present potential application prospects.
引文
[1]李燕燕,赵殿栋,于世焕,等.中国石化陆上地震采集技术现状与发展趋势[J].石油物探,2013,52(4):363-370LI Y Y,ZHAO D D,YU S H,et al.Status and trend on land seismic acquisition technique of SINOPEC[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(4):363-370
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[18]于世焕,赵殿栋,于晨.数字检波器单点地震采集与组合接收对比试验[J].石油物探,2012,51(3):264-270YU S H,ZHAO D D,Yu C.Comparative experiment on digital geophone single point and array receiving in the seismic acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(3):264-270
[19]曹双兰,林君,杨泓渊,等.用于深部探测的地震检波器低频拓展技术[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):1904-1911CAO S L,LIN J,YANG H Y,et al.Low-frequency expansion technologies applied in deep seismic exploration geophones[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):1904-1911
[20]刘俊杰,丹·穆基诺.高密度地震勘探的激发和接收技术探讨[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(8):25-28LIU J J,MOUGENOT D.A discussion on high density seismic prospecting shot and receiving technologies[J].Coal Geology of China,2010,22(8):25-28
[21]李忠雄,尹吴海,蒋华中,等.羌塘盆地高密度高覆盖宽线采集技术试验[J].石油物探,2017,56(5):626-636LI Z X,YIN W H,JIANG H Z,et al.Acquisition technique test of high-density and high-fold wide line profiling seismic survey in Qiangtang Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,,2017,56(5):626-636
[2]王炳章,王丹,陈伟.油气地震勘探技术发展趋势和发展水平[J].中外能源,2011,16(5):46-55WANG B Z,WANG D,CHEN W.Trends and development level of petroleum seismic exploration technology[J].Sino-Global Energy,2011,16(5):46-55
[3]郭念民,陈猛,崔永福,等.碳酸盐岩储层单点高密度采集三维地震勘探实例[J].石油物探,2016,55(6):771-780GUO N M,CHEN M,CUI Y F,et al.The application of single-point high-density seismic acquisition for carbonate reservoir 3Dseismic exploration[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(6):771-780
[4] MEUNIER J.Seismic acquisition from yesterday to tomorrow[J].Expanded Abstracts of 81st Annual Internat SEG Mtg,2011:50-51
[5]杨海.常用检波器原理浅谈[J].物探装备,2001,11(4):281-282YANG H.Brief introduction of geophone in common use[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2001,11(4):281-282
[6] MOUGENOT D,CHEREPOVSKIY A,JUNJIE L.MEMS-based accelerometers:expectations and practical achievements[J].First Break,2011,29(2):85-90
[7] MOUGENOT D.Digital accelerometers:how they have impacted the seismic industry in 10year?[EB/OL].[2017-09-01]http:∥www.sercel.com/products/Lists/ProductPublication/Digital%20accelerometers%20~%20impact%20in%20the%20seismic%20industry%20in%2010%20years_2009.pdf
[8] LAINE J,MOUGENOT D.Benefits of MEMS based seismic accelerometers for oil exploration[C]∥Transducers 2007—2007International Solid-State Sensors,Actuators and Microsystems Conference.Lyon:IEEE,2007:1473-1477
[9]孟宝文,王全收.System Four数字传感器工作与测试原理分析[J].物探装备,2007,17(增刊):1-6MENG B W,WANG Q S.Work principle of System Four VectorSeis and test principle[J].Equipment for Geophysical Prospecting,2007,17(S1):1-6
[10] MOUGENOT D.Pushing towards the low frequencies[EB/OL].[2017-09-01]http:∥www.sercel.com/products/Lists/ProductPublication/Pushing%20Toward%20the%20Low%20Frequencies_2005.pdf
[11]郭建,马国庆,宗遐龄,等,基于微机电系统的数字检波器及其应用[J].石油物探,2005,44(4):348-351GUO J,MA G Q,ZONG X L,et al.Performance and application of digital geophones based on MEMS[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2005,44(4):348-351
[12]何文涛,陈德勇,王军波,等.MEMS宽带电化学地震检波器[J].光学精密工程,2015,23(2):444-451HE W T,CHEN D Y,WANG J B,et al.MEMS based broadband electrochemical seismometer[J].Optics and Precision Engineering,2015,23(2):444-451
[13]张发祥,吴学兵,李淑娟,等.光纤激光微地震检波器研究及应用展望[J].地球物理学进展,2014,29(5):2456-2460ZHANG F X,WU X B,LI S J,et al.Fiber laser microseismic geophone research and application prospects[J].Progress in Geophysics,2014,29(5):2456-2460
[14]吴学兵,刘英明,高侃.干涉型光纤地震检波器研发及效果分析[J].石油物探,2016,55(2):303-308WU X B,LIU Y M,GAO K.Development and application effect analysis of fiber interometric geophone[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2016,55(2):303-308
[15]禹大宽,刘钦朋,高宏,等.基于弹性薄壁管的光纤光栅高频加速度检波器[J].光通信研究,2016,195(3):50-52YU D K,LIU Q P,GAO H,et al.FBG micro-seismic sensor with high resonant frequency based on elastic light-walls tube[J].Study on Optical Communications,2016,195(3):50-52
[16]吕公河.地震勘探检波器原理和特性及有关问题分析[J].石油物探,2009,48(6):531-543LV G H.Seismic geophone principle and the analysis of relevant issues[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2009,48(6):531-543
[17]魏继东.地震检波器性能指标与地球物理效果分析[J].石油物探,2013,52(3):265-274WEI J D.An analysis on the performance indexes and geophysical effect of geophones[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2013,52(3):265-274
[18]于世焕,赵殿栋,于晨.数字检波器单点地震采集与组合接收对比试验[J].石油物探,2012,51(3):264-270YU S H,ZHAO D D,Yu C.Comparative experiment on digital geophone single point and array receiving in the seismic acquisition[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,2012,51(3):264-270
[19]曹双兰,林君,杨泓渊,等.用于深部探测的地震检波器低频拓展技术[J].地球物理学进展,2012,27(5):1904-1911CAO S L,LIN J,YANG H Y,et al.Low-frequency expansion technologies applied in deep seismic exploration geophones[J].Progress in Geophysics,2012,27(5):1904-1911
[20]刘俊杰,丹·穆基诺.高密度地震勘探的激发和接收技术探讨[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(8):25-28LIU J J,MOUGENOT D.A discussion on high density seismic prospecting shot and receiving technologies[J].Coal Geology of China,2010,22(8):25-28
[21]李忠雄,尹吴海,蒋华中,等.羌塘盆地高密度高覆盖宽线采集技术试验[J].石油物探,2017,56(5):626-636LI Z X,YIN W H,JIANG H Z,et al.Acquisition technique test of high-density and high-fold wide line profiling seismic survey in Qiangtang Basin[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum,,2017,56(5):626-636