昆北油田切12井区基岩油藏产能主控因素及高效开发实践
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摘要
柴达木盆地昆北油田切12井区纵向上发育基岩油藏和不整合面上覆E_3~1砂砾岩油藏(简称E_3~1油藏)2种类型油藏,但彼此间不发育稳定隔夹层,具有统一油气系统。该区开发初期主要对E_3~1油藏进行注水开发,基岩油藏以试采评价为主。为实现对E_3~1油藏产能的有效接替,在基岩储层特征认识的基础上,归纳总结出岩性、裂缝发育程度和上覆油藏注水特征3个基岩油藏产能的主控因素,以此来确定该区水平井开发方式,并在开发实践中建立了块状油藏地质模型、制定了井位部署方案和形成了随钻跟踪技术。研究证实板岩与花岗岩均是有利储层,基岩顶部风化程度高、裂缝最发育,E_3~1油藏的注水开发实际上对基岩油藏完成了超前注水,产能主控因素的分析奠定了水平井高效开发的理论基础,从近3 a基岩油藏开发效果来看,在低油价背景下实现了少井高产,在柴达木盆地首次完成了针对基岩油藏的规模开发。
There are two types of oil reservoir in the Well Block Qie12 in Kunbei Oilfield of the Qaidam Basin,which are the basement oil reservoirs at the bottom and the E_3~1 glutenite reservoir above the unconformity surface. There are no stable intercalations between them and they are a unified oil and gas system. Water flooding was done in E_3~1 oil reservoir and oil test evaluation was made in the basement oil reservoir at the beginning of development in this area. In order to achieve effective production replacement of E_3~1 oil reservoir,three main controlling factors of the basement oil reservoir productivity were summed up from the aspects of lithology,the degree of fracture development and the water flooding characteristics based on the understanding of the characteristics of the basement oil reservoir. And then the development mode of horizontal wells in this area was determined. The geological model of massive oil reservoir was established,and the well deployment plan was made and the tracking-while-drilling technology was formed. The research proved that both slate and granite are favorable reservoirs which have high weathering degree and well-developed fractures at the top of the basement. The water flooding in the E_3~1 oil reservoir indicates advanced water injection in the basement oil reservoir. The analysis of the main controlling factors on the productivity is the theoretical basis of the efficient development in horizontal wells. Development results of the basement oil reservoir in the recent two years show that high efficient production with less wells has been realized under the background of low oil price,and large-scale development has been carried out in the basement oil reservoir for the first time in the Qaidam Basin.
There are two types of oil reservoir in the Well Block Qie12 in Kunbei Oilfield of the Qaidam Basin,which are the basement oil reservoirs at the bottom and the E_3~1 glutenite reservoir above the unconformity surface. There are no stable intercalations between them and they are a unified oil and gas system. Water flooding was done in E_3~1 oil reservoir and oil test evaluation was made in the basement oil reservoir at the beginning of development in this area. In order to achieve effective production replacement of E_3~1 oil reservoir,three main controlling factors of the basement oil reservoir productivity were summed up from the aspects of lithology,the degree of fracture development and the water flooding characteristics based on the understanding of the characteristics of the basement oil reservoir. And then the development mode of horizontal wells in this area was determined. The geological model of massive oil reservoir was established,and the well deployment plan was made and the tracking-while-drilling technology was formed. The research proved that both slate and granite are favorable reservoirs which have high weathering degree and well-developed fractures at the top of the basement. The water flooding in the E_3~1 oil reservoir indicates advanced water injection in the basement oil reservoir. The analysis of the main controlling factors on the productivity is the theoretical basis of the efficient development in horizontal wells. Development results of the basement oil reservoir in the recent two years show that high efficient production with less wells has been realized under the background of low oil price,and large-scale development has been carried out in the basement oil reservoir for the first time in the Qaidam Basin.
引文
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[13]汪利兵,童凯军,马时刚,等.变质岩潜山油藏储层特征及高效开发建议[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(4):29-32.Wang Libing,Tong Kaijun,Ma Shigang,et al.Metamorphic rock buried hill reservoir characteristics and suggestions on high efficiency development[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(4):29-32.
[14]郑文宽,刘月田,刘泽华,等.渗透裂缝性潜山稠油油藏物理模拟实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(3):78-84.Zheng Wenkuan,Liu Yuetian,Liu Zehua,et al.Physical simulation experimental study on low-permeability buried-hill fractured heavy oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(3):78-84.
[15]邓森,王怒涛,饶庆锋,等.考虑摩阻损失的水平井长度优化[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(1):61-64.Deng Sen,Wang Nutao,Rao Qingfeng,et al.Optimization of the horizontal well length considering the friction loss[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(1):61-64.
[2]陈国民,万云,张培平,等.柴达木盆地昆北断阶带圈闭特征[J].西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2010,32(4):39-43.Chen Guomin,Wan Yun,Zhang Peiping,et al.Trap features of the northern Kunlun faults zone in Qaidam Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science&Technology Editon,2010,32(4):39-43.
[3]牛虎林,田作基,胡欣,等.成像测井解释模式在基岩油气藏裂缝性储层的应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(5):1 544-1 549.Niu Hulin,Tian Zuoji,Hu Xin,et al.Application of imaging log interpretation patterns in fractured basement reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(5):1 544-1 549.
[4]肖丽,范晓敏.利用成像测井资料标定常规测井资料裂隙发育参数的方法研究[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2003,33(4):559-563.Xiao Li,Fan Xiaomin.Study on the method of evaluating fracture intensity from conventional logs calibrated imaging logs[J].Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Editon,2003,33(4):559-563.
[5]曹嘉猷,刘士安,高敏,等.测井资料综合解释[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002:244-252.Cao Jiayou,Liu Shian,Gao Min,et al.Comprehensive interpretation of logging data[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002:244-252.
[6]吕海涛,张仲培,邵志兵,等.塔里木盆地巴楚—麦盖提地区早古生代古隆起的演化及其勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(1):76-83.LüHaitao,Zhang Zhongpei,Shao Zhibing,et al.Structural evolution and exploration significance of the Early Paleozoic palaeouplifts in Bachu-Maigaiti area,the Tarim Basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(1):76-83.
[7]黎静容,朱桦,冯晓明,等.川东北陆相储层裂缝特征差异性及对产能的影响[J].石油实验地质,2016,38(6):742-747.Li Jingrong,Zhu Hua,Feng Xiaoming,et al.Differences of fracture characteristics and the influence on productivity in the northeastern Sichuan continental basin[J].Petroleum Geology&Experiment,2016,38(6):742-747.
[8]赵健,张成娟,黄建红,等.柴达木盆地东坪古隆起气藏特征及成藏分析[J].青海石油,2013,31(1):1-6.Zhao Jian,Zhang Chengjuan,Huang Jianhong,et al.Characteristics and accumulation conditions of paleo-uplift reservoirs in Dongping,Qaidam Basin[J].Qinghai Petroleum,2013,31(1):1-6.
[9]付锁堂,马达德,汪立群,等.柴达木盆地昆北冲断带古隆起油藏特征及油气成藏条件[J].石油学报,2013,34(4):675-682.Fu Suotang,Ma Dade,Wang Liqun,et al.Characteristics and accumulation conditions of paleo-uplift reservoirs in Kunbei thrust belt,Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(4):675-682.
[10]吴颜雄,马达德,刘君林,等.柴西地区基岩油藏形成的石油地质条件分析[J].天然气地球科学,2014,25(11):1 689-1 696.Wu Yanxiong,Ma Dade,Liu Junlin,et al.Geological conditions of basement oil pools in western Qaidam Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2014,25(11):1 689-1 696.
[11]刘剑,刘月田,聂彬,等.潜山油藏水平井立体井网井距调整方法[J].油气地质与采收率,2015,22(4):103-108.Liu Jian,Liu Yuetian,Nie Bin,et al.Method of well spacing adjustment for stereo horizontal well pattern in buried hill reservoirs[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2015,22(4):103-108.
[12]陆诗阔,李冬冬.变质岩储层岩性及裂缝测井识别方法研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2016,23(4):1-6.Lu Shikuo,Li Dongdong.Advances in logging identification of lithology and fracture in metamorphic reservoir[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2016,23(4):1-6.
[13]汪利兵,童凯军,马时刚,等.变质岩潜山油藏储层特征及高效开发建议[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(4):29-32.Wang Libing,Tong Kaijun,Ma Shigang,et al.Metamorphic rock buried hill reservoir characteristics and suggestions on high efficiency development[J].Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012,19(4):29-32.
[14]郑文宽,刘月田,刘泽华,等.渗透裂缝性潜山稠油油藏物理模拟实验研究[J].油气地质与采收率,2017,24(3):78-84.Zheng Wenkuan,Liu Yuetian,Liu Zehua,et al.Physical simulation experimental study on low-permeability buried-hill fractured heavy oil reservoir[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2017,24(3):78-84.
[15]邓森,王怒涛,饶庆锋,等.考虑摩阻损失的水平井长度优化[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2017,36(1):61-64.Deng Sen,Wang Nutao,Rao Qingfeng,et al.Optimization of the horizontal well length considering the friction loss[J].Petroleum Geology&Oilfield Development in Daqing,2017,36(1):61-64.