氢气对正己烷-空气燃爆性能的影响
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摘要
为了研究氢气对正己烷燃爆性能的影响,在定容燃烧室内实验测量了初始温度为353K,初始压力为100kPa,当量比0.7～1.7,掺氢比0%～80%时,正己烷-氢气-空气混合气的爆炸过程,得到了氢气对火焰传播规律、层流燃烧速率及爆炸压力的影响。研究结果表明,当量比从0.7增加到1.7,无拉伸火焰传播速率和层流燃烧速率呈先增大后减小的趋势,在当量比1.0附近达到最大;随着掺氢比的提高,混合气的燃烧速率明显增大,有利于提高燃料的燃烧效率,当量比为1.0时,掺氢比80%的混合气层流燃烧速率比正己烷-空气混合气提高了2.5倍;同时,掺氢比对混合气的爆炸压力与最大爆炸压力上升速率有明显的影响,对过稀或过浓燃料的影响尤为显著。
To study the effects of hydrogen addition on the deflagration characteristics of n-hexane/air mixture,the explosion process was investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. Experiments were carried out at initial temperature of 353 K,initial pressures of 100 kPa,equivalence ratios range of 0.7～1.7 and hydrogen blended ratios of 0%～80%. The effects of hydrogen addition on the flame propagation process, laminar burning velocity and the explosion pressure were obtained. The results show that the unstretched flame propagation speed and laminar burning velocity increase at first and then decrease gradually with the increase of equivalence ratio from 0.7 to 1.7. The highest values are measured near the equivalence ratio of 1.0. Furthermore,the flame laminar burning velocity of n-hexane/air/hydrogen mixture substantially increases with hydrogen addition,showing the development of combustion capacity and thermal efficiency. For stoichiometric mixtures,the laminar burning velocity at the hydrogen fraction of 80% is 2.5 times higher than that of n-hexane/air mixtures. At the same time,the hydrogen addition has a significant influence on the explosion pressure and rate of maximum pressure rise,especially for the over lean or overrich mixture.
To study the effects of hydrogen addition on the deflagration characteristics of n-hexane/air mixture,the explosion process was investigated in a constant volume combustion chamber. Experiments were carried out at initial temperature of 353 K,initial pressures of 100 kPa,equivalence ratios range of 0.7～1.7 and hydrogen blended ratios of 0%～80%. The effects of hydrogen addition on the flame propagation process, laminar burning velocity and the explosion pressure were obtained. The results show that the unstretched flame propagation speed and laminar burning velocity increase at first and then decrease gradually with the increase of equivalence ratio from 0.7 to 1.7. The highest values are measured near the equivalence ratio of 1.0. Furthermore,the flame laminar burning velocity of n-hexane/air/hydrogen mixture substantially increases with hydrogen addition,showing the development of combustion capacity and thermal efficiency. For stoichiometric mixtures,the laminar burning velocity at the hydrogen fraction of 80% is 2.5 times higher than that of n-hexane/air mixtures. At the same time,the hydrogen addition has a significant influence on the explosion pressure and rate of maximum pressure rise,especially for the over lean or overrich mixture.
引文
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[2] Dooley S,Sang H W,Chaos M,et al. A Jet Fuel Surrogate Formulated by Real Fuel Properties[J]. Combustion&Flame,2010,157(12):2333-2339.
[3]曾文,李海霞,马洪安,等. RP-3航空煤油模拟替代燃料的化学反应简化机理[J].推进技术,2014,35(8):1139-1145.(ZENG Wen,LI Hai-xia,MA Hongan,et al. Reduced Chemical Reaction Mechanism of Surrogate Fuel for RP-3 Kerosene[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2014,35(8):1139-1145.)
[4] Coronel S,Mével R,Vervish P A,et al. Laminar Burning Speed of n-Hexane-Air Mixtures[C]. City Park:8th US National Combustion Meeting,2013.
[5] Frenillot J P,Cabot G,Cazalens M,et al. Impact of H2Addition on Flame Stability and Pollutant Emissions for an Atmospheric Kerosene/Air Swirled Flame of Laboratory Scaled Gas Turbine[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2009,34(9):3930-3944.
[6] Korakianitis T,Namasivayam A M,Crookes R J. Hydrogen Dual-Fuelling of Compression Ignition Engines with Emulsified Biodiesel as Pilot Fuel[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2010,35(24):13329-13344.
[7] Luo M,Liu D. Kinetic Analysis of Ethanol and Dimethyl Ether Flames with Hydrogen Addition[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2017,42(6):3813-3823.
[8] Wang J,Huang Z,Tang C,et al. Effect of Hydrogen Addition on Early Flame Growth of Lean Burn Natural Gas–Air Mixtures[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2010,35(13):7246-7252.
[9]张勇,黄佐华,廖世勇,等.天然气-氢气-空气混合气的层流燃烧速度测定[J].内燃机学报,2006,24(2):97-103.
[10] Xin H,Zhang C,Xia M,et al. Effects of Hydrogen Addition on Combustion Characteristics of n-Decane/Air Mixtures[J]. Combustion&Flame,2014,161(9):2252-2262.
[11] Frolov S M,Medvedev S N,Basevich V Y,et al. SelfIgnition of Hydrocarbon-Hydrogen-Air Mixtures[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2013,38(1).
[12] Burguburu J,Cabot G,Renou B,et al. Effects of H2Enrichment on Flame Stability and Pollutant Emissions for a Kerosene/Air Swirled Flame with an Aeronautical Fuel Injector[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute,2011,33(2):2927-2935.
[13]曾文,张存杨,刘宇,等.氢气添加对RP-3航空煤油燃烧特性的影响[J].航空动力学报,2017,32(9):2049-2054.
[14] Bosschaart K J,Goey LPHD. The Laminar Burning Velocity of Flames Propagating in Mixtures of Hydrocarbons and Air Measured with the Heat Flux Method[J].Combustion&Flame,2004,136(3):261-269.
[15] Liao S Y,Jiang D M,Gao J,et al. Measurements of Markstein Numbers and Laminar Burning Velocities for Liquefied Petroleum Gas–Air Mixtures[J]. Fuel,2004,83(10):1281-1288.
[16]曾文,陈欣,马洪安,等. RP-3航空煤油层流燃烧特性的实验[J].航空动力学报,2015,30(12):2888-2896.
[17]代威,林宇震,许全宏,等.以柴油为燃料的燃烧室燃烧效率实验及分析[J].推进技术,2016,37(1):65-70.(DAI Wei,LIN Yu-zhen,XU Quan-hong,et al. Experimental Study and Analysis on Combustior Efficiency with Diesel Fuel[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology,2016,37(1):65-70.)
[18] Farrell J T,Johnston R J,Androulakis I P. Molecular Structure Effects on Laminar Burning Velocities at Elevated Temperature and Pressure[R]. SAE 2004-01-2936.
[19] Wang H,Dames E,Sirjean B,et al. A High-Temperature Chemical Kinetic Model of n-Alkane(Up to n-Dodecane),Cyclohexane,and Methyl-,Ethyl-,n-Propyl and n-Butyl-Cyclohexane Oxidation at High Temperatures[EB/OL]. http://web. stanford. edu/group/haiwanglab/JetSurf/JetSurF2.0/index.html,2010-03-09.
[20]路长,于子凯,刘洋,等.氢气对预混甲烷/空气燃爆过程的影响[J].安全与环境学报,2017,17(6):2240-2245.
[21]张红光,白小磊,韩雪娇,等.甲烷掺混氢气的燃烧特性试验研究[J].兵工学报,2011,32(2):230-235.