热带地区水库水温分层特性研究
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摘要
为探讨热带地区水库水温分层特征,采用垂向一维水温数学模型对海南省南渡江干流某拟建大型水库开展了水库垂向热分层结构和下泄水温过程研究,并探讨了叠梁门分层取水措施对低温水的改善效果。研究结果表明:①受水库湖泊特性和气候特征影响,海南热带地区水库水温总体也呈现随季节变化的分层结构,在冬季水温趋于同温,夏季水温分层逐渐加强且显著,年内垂向最大温差可达11.8℃,由于海南主汛期为9～10月,汛后水库蓄热能力明显减弱。②水库下泄水温呈现低温水明显、高温水较弱的规律,最大降幅9.7℃,最大升幅仅为1.0℃。③叠梁门分层取水措施的运用,加强了水库垂向分层状态,对低温水的改善效果显著,最大低温水影响降低为2.3℃。
To explore the water temperature stratification characteristics reservoir in tropical region, a vertical 1D mathematical model was built to simulate the vertical thermal stratification structure and the released water temperature processes of a large-scale reservoir to be built on the main stream of the Nandu River in Hainan Province. The improving effect of layered water intake by stoplog gate in low temperature water was discussed. The results show that:(1) affected by lake-like characteristics and climatic feature, the reservoirs in the tropical region, such as Hainan Province, present a seasonally varied stratified structure with temperature tending to be uniform in winter and stratified gradually in summer. The maximum vertical temperature difference can reach 11.8 ℃ within a year. After the flood season of Sep and Oct in Hainan, the heat storage capacity was obviously weakened.(2) The released water showed the characteristics of obvious low temperature water and weak high temperature water, the maximum decreasing and increasing range are 9.7℃ and 1.0℃ respectively.(3) The vertical stratification of the reservoir was improved due to the application of the selective withdrawal by stoplog gate, relieving the low temperature water significantly, and the maximum temperature-drop of discharge water was reduced by 2.3℃.
To explore the water temperature stratification characteristics reservoir in tropical region, a vertical 1D mathematical model was built to simulate the vertical thermal stratification structure and the released water temperature processes of a large-scale reservoir to be built on the main stream of the Nandu River in Hainan Province. The improving effect of layered water intake by stoplog gate in low temperature water was discussed. The results show that:(1) affected by lake-like characteristics and climatic feature, the reservoirs in the tropical region, such as Hainan Province, present a seasonally varied stratified structure with temperature tending to be uniform in winter and stratified gradually in summer. The maximum vertical temperature difference can reach 11.8 ℃ within a year. After the flood season of Sep and Oct in Hainan, the heat storage capacity was obviously weakened.(2) The released water showed the characteristics of obvious low temperature water and weak high temperature water, the maximum decreasing and increasing range are 9.7℃ and 1.0℃ respectively.(3) The vertical stratification of the reservoir was improved due to the application of the selective withdrawal by stoplog gate, relieving the low temperature water significantly, and the maximum temperature-drop of discharge water was reduced by 2.3℃.
引文
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[23] 傅菁菁,李嘉,芮建良,等.叠梁门分层取水对下泄水温的改善效果[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2014,47(7):589-595.
[2] 雷欢,陈锋,黄道明.水温对鱼类的生态效应及水库温变对鱼类的影响[J].环境影响评价,2017,39(4):36-39.
[3] 王伟.石膏山水库建成后灌溉水温对农作物的影响[J].科技情报开发与经济,2008,35(18):126-128.
[4] 鲍其钢,乔光建.水库水温分层对农业灌溉影响机理分析[J].南水北调与水利科技,2011(2):69-72.
[5] Orlob G T,Selna L G.Temperature Variation in Deep reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulics Division,ASCE,1970(96):391-410.
[6] Huber W C,Harleman D R F.Temperature Prediction in Stratified reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydraulics Division,ASCE,1972(98):645-666.
[7] Edinger J.E,Buchak E.M.A hydrodynamic two-dimensional reservoir model:the computational basis[R].Prepared for US Army Engineer,Ohio River Division,Cincinnati,Ohio,1975.
[8] 张世杰,彭文启.二滩水库水温结构及其影响因素研究[J].水利学报,2009,40(10):1254-1258.
[9] 脱友才,刘志国,邓云,等.丰满水库水温的原型观测及分析[J].水科学进展,2014,25(5):731-738.
[10] 宋策,周孝德,辛向文.龙羊峡水库水温结构演变及其对下游河道水温影响[J].水科学进展,2011,22(3):421-428.
[11] 阮娅,脱友才,邓云,等.乌东德水库水温预测及低温水减缓措施[J].长江流域资源与环境,2017,26(11):1912-1918.
[12] 龙良红,徐慧,鲍正风,等.溪洛渡水库水温时空特性研究[J].水力发电学报,2018,37(4):79-89.
[13] 唐少霞,赵志忠,毕华,等.海南岛气候资源特征及其开发利用[J].海南师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,21(3):343-346.
[14] 袁一文,肖利娟,韩博平.热带大型水库蓝藻群落季节动态特征:以大沙河和高州水库为例[J].生态环境学报,2015,24(12):2027-2034.
[15] 杨志宏,贾建军,王欣凯,等.近50年海南三大河入海水沙通量特征及变化[J].海洋通报,2013,32(1):92-99.
[16] Cheng F,Li W,Castello L,et al.Potential effects of dam cascade on fish:lessons from the Yangtze River[J].Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries,2015,25(3):569-585.
[17] Qi C J,Zhai Y,Lu B H,et al.Research on Vertical Distribution of Water Temperature in Different Regulation Reservoirs[J].Advanced Materials Research,2014(955-959):3190-3197.
[18] 李怀恩,沈晋.一维垂向水库水温数学模型研究与黑河水库水温预测[J].西安理工大学学报,1990(4):236-243,308.
[19] 戚琪,彭虹,张万顺,等.丹江口水库垂向水温模型研究[J].人民长江,2007,38(2):51-53,154.
[20] 余洋,彭虹,张万顺,等.亭子口水库垂向一维水温模型研究[J].人民长江,2009,40(20):24-27.
[21] 李钟顺,陈永灿,刘昭伟,等.密云水库水温分布特征[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2012,52(6):798-803.
[22] 孔勇,邓云,脱友才.垂向一维水温模型在东江水库中的应用研究[J].人民长江,2017,48(10):97-102.
[23] 傅菁菁,李嘉,芮建良,等.叠梁门分层取水对下泄水温的改善效果[J].天津大学学报(自然科学与工程技术版),2014,47(7):589-595.