四川省中小学校教学环境与视力分析
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摘要
目的了解四川省中小学校教学环境卫生与相应中小学生的视力情况,分析两者之间关系,为进一步降低中小学生视力不良检出率提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法进行现况调查,依据相关国家标准对四川省13座城市,53所学校的310间教室进行卫生检测与评价,从中随机抽取3 850名7～18岁中小学生获取视力数据,采用Logistic回归分析教学环境与学生视力之间的关系。结果以下指标合格率较低:黑板面均匀度(68.4%)、黑板反射比(50.6%)、黑板平均照度(18.7%)、课桌平均照度(27.4%)、课桌均匀度(56.8%)、采光系数(56.5%)、后(侧)墙反射比(22.9%)、窗地面积比(63.5%);视力低下检出率为51.1%,男女各年龄段的城乡视力低下检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=122.55,P<0.05),视力低下者中,重度视力低下居多(46.6%);回归结果表明,黑板反射比及平均照度、后侧墙反射比合格是视力的保护因素(P<0.05)。结论四川省中小学教学环境存在诸多问题,视力情况不容乐观,应引起有关部门的高度重视。
Objective To understand the situation among primary and secondary school teaching environment health in Sichuan province and the corresponding students' vision, and analyze the relationship between them, so as to provide evidence for the further reducing the detection rate of the students' poor eyesight. Methods Based on the relevant national standards, using stratified random sampling method to detect and evaluate the sanitary status of 310 classrooms in 53 schools of the 13 cities in Sichuan Province, from a random sample of 3850 7-18-year-old students to access to visual data; using the logistic regression analysis of the relationship between teaching environment and students' eyesight. Results The following indexes are low qualified rate: the surface of the blackboard evenness(68.4%), blackboard reflection ratio(50.6%), the blackboard surface average illuminance(18.7%), desktop class average illuminance(27.4%), desk uniformity(56.8%),coefficient of lighting(56.5%), after(side) wall reflectance(22.9%), ratio of glazing to floor area(63.5%); the detection rate of low vision was 51.1%, the difference of low vision detection rate among the men and women of all ages in urban and rural was statistically significant(χ2=122.55, P<0.05), and the proportion of severe low vision was the highest(46.6%); the regression results show that qualified blackboard surface reflectance, average illuminance, and side wall reflectance are protective factors of visual acuity(P<0.05). Conclusion There are many problems in the teaching environment of primary and secondary schools in Sichuan Province, and the visual acuity is not optimistic. It should be paid more attention by the relevant departments.
Objective To understand the situation among primary and secondary school teaching environment health in Sichuan province and the corresponding students' vision, and analyze the relationship between them, so as to provide evidence for the further reducing the detection rate of the students' poor eyesight. Methods Based on the relevant national standards, using stratified random sampling method to detect and evaluate the sanitary status of 310 classrooms in 53 schools of the 13 cities in Sichuan Province, from a random sample of 3850 7-18-year-old students to access to visual data; using the logistic regression analysis of the relationship between teaching environment and students' eyesight. Results The following indexes are low qualified rate: the surface of the blackboard evenness(68.4%), blackboard reflection ratio(50.6%), the blackboard surface average illuminance(18.7%), desktop class average illuminance(27.4%), desk uniformity(56.8%),coefficient of lighting(56.5%), after(side) wall reflectance(22.9%), ratio of glazing to floor area(63.5%); the detection rate of low vision was 51.1%, the difference of low vision detection rate among the men and women of all ages in urban and rural was statistically significant(χ2=122.55, P<0.05), and the proportion of severe low vision was the highest(46.6%); the regression results show that qualified blackboard surface reflectance, average illuminance, and side wall reflectance are protective factors of visual acuity(P<0.05). Conclusion There are many problems in the teaching environment of primary and secondary schools in Sichuan Province, and the visual acuity is not optimistic. It should be paid more attention by the relevant departments.
引文
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[15]张帆,刘辉.教室照明对学生视力的影响[J].上海计量测试,2012,39(5):43-45.
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[18] Hua WJ, Jin JX, Wu XY, et al. Elevated light levels in schools have a protective effect on myopia[J]. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics,2015, 35(3):252-262.
[19]叶盛,刘盛鑫,曹永军,等.天津市中小学校教室照明现状与学生视力的相关性[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(1):13-15.
[2]季成叶.我国中小学生视力不良和疑似近视流行现状[J].中国学校卫生,2008,29(2):97-99.
[3]叶广俊.现代儿童少年卫生学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1999:442.
[4]季成叶.青春期常见病防治[M].北京:北京医科大学、中国协和医科大学联合出版社,1993:1-37.
[5]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 5699-2008采光测量方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[6]国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 5700-2008照明测量方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[7]国家质量技术监督局.GB/T 18204-2000公共场所卫生标准检验方法[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[8]中华人民共和国住房和城乡建设部.GB 50099-2011中小学校设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2012.
[9]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.GB/T 18205-2012学校卫生综合评价[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2013.
[10]张洪波,李学书,程万里,等.邯郸市主城区中小学校男女学生视力低下比例不等的原因[J].职业与健康,2013,29(21):2846-2847.
[11]郝广煜.包头市小学生近视现况调查及影响因素研究[D].济南:山东大学,2009.
[12] French AN, Ashby RS, Morgan IG, et al. Time outdoors and the prevention of myopia[J]. Experimental Eye Research, 2013, 114(SI):58-68.
[13] Guo Y, Liu LJ, Xu L, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia among primary students in rural and urban regions of Beijing[J]. Ophthalmology, 2013, 120(2):277-283.
[14] Jones-Jordan LA, Sinnott LT, Cotter SA, et al. Time outdoors, visual activity, and myopia progression in Juvenile-Onset myopes[J].Investigative Ophthalmology&Visual Science, 2012, 53(11):7169-7175.
[15]张帆,刘辉.教室照明对学生视力的影响[J].上海计量测试,2012,39(5):43-45.
[16]强梅,赵融.青少年近视某些影响因素研究[J].中华预防医学杂志,1991,(4):222-224.
[17] Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, et al. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children[J]. Ophthalmology, 2008, 115(8):1279-1285.
[18] Hua WJ, Jin JX, Wu XY, et al. Elevated light levels in schools have a protective effect on myopia[J]. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics,2015, 35(3):252-262.
[19]叶盛,刘盛鑫,曹永军,等.天津市中小学校教室照明现状与学生视力的相关性[J].中国学校卫生,2018,39(1):13-15.