2017年武汉市职业性噪声聋监测情况分析
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摘要
目的对2017年武汉市职业性噪声聋监测结果和存在问题进行分析,为制定针对性防控对策提供科学依据。方法收集2017年武汉市职业性噪声聋的监测资料,包括噪声危害企业信息、职业健康检查情况和噪声聋发病情况,运用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果武汉市2017年收集存在噪声危害的企业3 046家,占全部企业的35. 9%。以私有、小微企业和制造业为主;收集接触噪声危害劳动者在岗期间职业健康体检个案资料22 853人,双耳高频听力损失检出率7. 3%(1 662/22 853),以男性、40～69岁为主,听力损失比例随年龄和工龄的增加而逐渐升高(P <0. 001);从企业类型看,私有企业和小型企业劳动者听力损失比例更高,分别为10. 5%和11. 5%;从行业来看,噪声主要分布在制造业,听力损失人数最多,为1 543人,建筑业劳动者听力损失比例最高,为38. 9%。职业性噪声聋报告病例新增3例,全部为男性,病例分布以私有和小型企业为主,平均年龄为(51. 0±3. 6)岁,平均工龄为(12. 2±5. 4)岁。结论噪声是武汉市重点职业病危害因素之一,企业分布广,接触人数多;双耳高频听力损失检出率较高,与工龄呈正相关,主要集中在私有企业和小型企业。
Objective To analyze the monitoring results and problems in occupational noise deafness monitoring of Wuhan in2017,and to provide a scientific basis for control measures. Methods Monitoring data of occupational noise deafness of 2017 in Wuhan were analyzed by descriptive method,including the information of enterprise with noise hazards,workers' health condition and the incidence of occupational noise deafness. Results In 2017,a total of 3046 enterprises( 35. 9%) had noise hazard in Wuhan,most of which were private small scale manufacturing. Occupational physical examination data of 22853 workers exposed to occupational noise hazards were collected. The detection rate of bilateral high frequency hearing loss was7. 3%( 1662/22853),most of whom were men and aged range from 40 to 69,and the abnormal rate increased with the work duration( P < 0. 001). With regard to enterprise types,bilateral high frequency hearing loss workers were mainly in private and small companies,with prevalence rates of 10. 5% and 11. 5% respectively. As to the industry,noise was distributed mainly in the manufacturing industry,with the largest number of hearing loss( 1543),and most hearing loss workers were in construction( 38. 9%). There were 3 males of occupational noise deafness,mainly in private and small manufacturing enterprises. The mean age and work age were 51. 0 ± 3. 6 and 12. 2 ± 5. 4. Conclusion Noise is one of the most important occupational hazard factors in Wuhan. There are many enterprises with noise,and the number of contact noise is heavy. The prevalence of bilateral high frequency hearing loss is high,and it is related with work age,mainly in private and small manufacturing enterprises.
Objective To analyze the monitoring results and problems in occupational noise deafness monitoring of Wuhan in2017,and to provide a scientific basis for control measures. Methods Monitoring data of occupational noise deafness of 2017 in Wuhan were analyzed by descriptive method,including the information of enterprise with noise hazards,workers' health condition and the incidence of occupational noise deafness. Results In 2017,a total of 3046 enterprises( 35. 9%) had noise hazard in Wuhan,most of which were private small scale manufacturing. Occupational physical examination data of 22853 workers exposed to occupational noise hazards were collected. The detection rate of bilateral high frequency hearing loss was7. 3%( 1662/22853),most of whom were men and aged range from 40 to 69,and the abnormal rate increased with the work duration( P < 0. 001). With regard to enterprise types,bilateral high frequency hearing loss workers were mainly in private and small companies,with prevalence rates of 10. 5% and 11. 5% respectively. As to the industry,noise was distributed mainly in the manufacturing industry,with the largest number of hearing loss( 1543),and most hearing loss workers were in construction( 38. 9%). There were 3 males of occupational noise deafness,mainly in private and small manufacturing enterprises. The mean age and work age were 51. 0 ± 3. 6 and 12. 2 ± 5. 4. Conclusion Noise is one of the most important occupational hazard factors in Wuhan. There are many enterprises with noise,and the number of contact noise is heavy. The prevalence of bilateral high frequency hearing loss is high,and it is related with work age,mainly in private and small manufacturing enterprises.
引文
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[9]熊依杰,于久愿,任迎娣,等. 2016年北京市海淀区重点职业病危害监测结果[J].职业与健康,2017,33(14):1989-1991.
[10]肖吕武,周浩,丘丛玺,等.噪声作业工人不同频率听力改变特征分析[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(5):588-591.
[11]李雷可,牛心华.噪声对作业人员听力及血压影响的调查分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2017,43(5):339-341.
[12]张红升,刘晓勇,廖娟,等. 2011-2013年深圳市光明新区重点企业职业病危害因素监测结果分析[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(1):106-108,112.
[13]许辉,方鹏骞,宋世震.湖北省50家城市中小工业企业员工职业卫生服务状况分析[J].中国职业医学,2013,40(1):57-58.
[14]陈婉霞,黄燕玲,谢迎庆,等. 2016年佛山市重点职业病职业健康风险评估结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(10):1766-1769.
[15]于维松,宋学术,张华,等. 2008-2012年青岛市新发职业病发病情况分析[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2014,32(6):342-344.
[16]曹应琼,他卉,何琳,等. 2006-2016年四川省职业性噪声聋发病特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(8):1372-1375.
[2]谭瑞霞,肖华,王艳,等. 2011-2016年青岛市新发职业病与行业区域分布情况[J].职业与健康,2018,34(1):28-31.
[3]周珊宇,温贤忠,李旭东,等.广东省2011-2015年新发职业性噪声聋流行病学特征[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(6):737-739,744.
[4]钟学飘,朱志良,马争,等. 2005-2013年全国职业病发病情况分析[J].实用预防医学,2015,22(7):858-859.
[5] 2015-2016年全国职业病报告情况[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2018,36(1):93.
[6]国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GBZ 188-2014职业健康监护技术规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2014.
[7]国家卫生和计划生育委员会. GBZ 49-2014职业性噪声聋的诊断[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2015.
[8]刘静,李梅莉,杨雪莹,等.天津市2016年职业性噪声聋监测情况分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(23):4252-4255.
[9]熊依杰,于久愿,任迎娣,等. 2016年北京市海淀区重点职业病危害监测结果[J].职业与健康,2017,33(14):1989-1991.
[10]肖吕武,周浩,丘丛玺,等.噪声作业工人不同频率听力改变特征分析[J].中国职业医学,2017,44(5):588-591.
[11]李雷可,牛心华.噪声对作业人员听力及血压影响的调查分析[J].工业卫生与职业病,2017,43(5):339-341.
[12]张红升,刘晓勇,廖娟,等. 2011-2013年深圳市光明新区重点企业职业病危害因素监测结果分析[J].中国职业医学,2015,42(1):106-108,112.
[13]许辉,方鹏骞,宋世震.湖北省50家城市中小工业企业员工职业卫生服务状况分析[J].中国职业医学,2013,40(1):57-58.
[14]陈婉霞,黄燕玲,谢迎庆,等. 2016年佛山市重点职业病职业健康风险评估结果分析[J].现代预防医学,2017,44(10):1766-1769.
[15]于维松,宋学术,张华,等. 2008-2012年青岛市新发职业病发病情况分析[J].职业卫生与应急救援,2014,32(6):342-344.
[16]曹应琼,他卉,何琳,等. 2006-2016年四川省职业性噪声聋发病特征分析[J].现代预防医学,2018,45(8):1372-1375.